1(function(){try{var t=typeof window<"u"?window:typeof global<"u"?global:typeof globalThis<"u"?globalThis:typeof self<"u"?self:{};t.SENTRY_RELEASE={id:"c515a255f4eda0469bf1b251e5d7530d696a0507"};var e=new t.Error().stack;e&&(t._sentryDebugIds=t._sentryDebugIds||{},t._sentryDebugIds[e]="395cd525-27b7-4b63-ab24-4a22ca694575",t._sentryDebugIdIdentifier="sentry-dbid-395cd525-27b7-4b63-ab24-4a22ca694575")}catch{}})();const n={unitDetail:{vocabulary:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelime Hazinesi"}},learning_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ders Notları"}},alphabet:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ALFABE"}},LESSON_s:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DERS %s"}},tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°puçları"}},story:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hikaye"}},story_reading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hikaye - Okuma"}},story_speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hikaye - KonuÅma"}},practice_with_a_story:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hikaye ile Pratik Yapın"}},lesson_index_section_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kendiniz Yaparak ÃÄrenin"}},coverstaion_practoce:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KonuÅma PratiÄi"}}},common:{cancel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°PTAL"}},metaInfo:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer: Japonca, Korece, Ãince ve daha fazlasını öÄrenin!"}},description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pratik kısa dersler ve öÄrendiÄiniz dili anadil seviyesinde konuÅan kiÅilerin sesleriyle istediÄiniz dili en akılcı Åekilde öÄrenin! [App Store'da 4.9 puan aldı]"}}},loading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yükleniyor"}},ok:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"OK"}},showMore:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daha fazla göster"}},showLess:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daha az göster"}}},mainCourse:{select_:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seç"}},you_have_finished_your_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hepsi tamam!"}},back:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Back"}},skip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"skip"}},review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TEKRAR"}},redo_lesson:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DERSÄ° TEKRARLA"}},write_the_sentence_in_hiragana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cümleyi hiraganayla yaz"}},write_the_sentence_in_romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Write the sentence in Romaji"}},write_down_the_sentence:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen cümleyi boÅluklar dahil yazın."}},write_down_the_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen kelimeyi yazın."}},test_check:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KONTROL"}},test_continue:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DEVAM"}},test_finish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BÄ°TÄ°R"}},test_next:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SIRADAKI"}},test_out:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃLÃEK"}},LessonFinish:{star_four_prompt_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},star_four_prompt_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Muazzam!"}},star_four_prompt_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Muazzam!"}},star_four_prompt_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kusursuz!"}},star_five_prompt_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mükemmel!"}},star_five_prompt_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},star_five_prompt_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"MuhteÅem!"}},star_five_prompt_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Müthis!"}},star_three_prompt_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},star_three_prompt_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},star_three_prompt_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},star_three_prompt_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}}},test_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãok az kaldı!"}}},popPanel:{japanese_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca Görünum"}},japanese_watashi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca"}},symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana (ããã)"}},rome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaji (watashi)"}},japanese_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca + Hiragana (ç§ ããã)"}},japanese_rome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca + Romaji (ç§ watashi)"}},symbol_rome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana + Romaji (ããã watashi)"}},japanese_symbol_rome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca + Hiragana + Romaji"}},romaji_system:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaji System"}},kurei_shiki:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kunrei-shiki"}},hepburn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hepburn"}},chinese_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Chinese Display"}},pinyin_hanzi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin (hà n zì)"}},character_s:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Character (æ±å)"}},both_hanzi_s:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Both (æ±å/hà n zì)"}},korean_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korean Display"}},romaja:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaja"}},hangul:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hangul"}},both_hangul_romaja:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Both (Hangulã»Romaja)"}},ignore_spacing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ignore spacing"}},thai_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tayca Görüntüleme"}},thai:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tayca"}},thai_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tayca + Latin Alfabesiyle Yazım"}},hindi_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi Display"}},hindi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi"}},hindi_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi + Romanization"}},arabic_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabic Display"}},arabic:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabic"}},arabic_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabic + Romanization"}},greek_display:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Greek Display"}},greek:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Greek"}}
1,greek_symbol:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Greek + Romanization"}},sound_effect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ses Efekti"}},audio_speed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Audio Speed"}},the_progress_of_lesson_will_be_lost:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åimdi çıkarsanız derteki ilerlemeni kaybedeceksiniz."}},are_you_sure_you_want_to_quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãıkmak istediÄinden emin misin?"}}},header:{login:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ yap"}},logout:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃıkıŠyap"}},profile:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Profil"}},settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ayarlar"}},learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"öÄrenmek"}},choose_languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dil seçmek"}},sign_up_btn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kayıt"}}},alphabet:{common:{pronunciation:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronunciation"}},tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°puçları"}},introduction:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ"}},all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hepsi"}}},en:{en_alp_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Alfabe"}},en_alp_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"å°æ°æ
åµä¸ï¼ä¸ååæ¯å¨åè¯ä¸ä¸åé³ï¼"}},en_alp_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"æ©å±é
读"}},en_alp_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸è±å¼è±è¯çåºå«ç®ä»"}},en_alp_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. åé³"}},en_alp_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸è±å¼è±è¯å¨åé³ä¸çæ大åºå«æ¯å·èé³ [R]ãè±å¼åé³å ä¹ä¸åºç°å·èï¼èç¾å¼åé³åºæ¬é½ä¼åå·èé³ãä¾å¦ï¼"}},en_alp_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. æ¼å"}},en_alp_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼1ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ä»¥ âourâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸é常åä½ âorâï¼"}},en_alp_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼2ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸çå¨è¯è¯å°¾å¯ä»¥æ¯ âizeâ æ âiseâï¼èç¾å¼è±è¯æ»æ¯ä½¿ç¨ âizeâï¼"}},en_alp_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼3ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ä»¥ âyseâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä½ âyzeâï¼"}},en_alp_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼4ï¼ä»¥å
é³ + l ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨è±å¼è±è¯ä¸åå½¢æ¶ä¼å ä¸ä¸ª lï¼èç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä¿æä¸åï¼"}},en_alp_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizcede toplam 26 tane harf vardır."}},en_alp_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼5ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ï¼é¨å以 âenceâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸åä½ âenseâï¼"}},en_alp_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ï¼6ï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ï¼é¨å以 âogueâ ç»å°¾çåè¯ï¼å¨ç¾å¼è±è¯ä¸å¯ä»¥åä½ âogâ æä¿ç âogueâã"}},en_alp_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"é¤äºåé³åæ¼åï¼è±å¼è±è¯ä¸ç¾å¼è±è¯å¨è¡¨è¾¾ä¹ æ¯åç¨è¯æ¹é¢ä¹åå¨å·®å¼ï¼è¿äºå
容éè¦å¨å¦ä¹ ä¸éæ¥ç§¯ç´¯ãç°å¨å¼å§è¯¾ç¨çå¦ä¹ å§ï¼"}},en_alp_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"é³æ "}},en_alp_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ä¾å"}},en_alp_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"åæ¯ç»å"}},en_alp_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"åæ¯"}},en_alp_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Fonetik"}},en_alp_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizce kelimelerin telaffuzu için belirli kurallar vardır, ancak çok fazla kural olduÄu için, baÅlangıç seviyesinde kelimelerin doÄru telaffuz etmek istiyorsak, fonetik sembollerden yardım almayı öÄrenmemiz en iyisidir. Ä°ngilizcenin Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabesi temel olarak sessiz harfler, sesli harfler ve vurgu iÅaretlerinden oluÅur."}},en_alp_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sessiz ve sesli harflere ayrı ayrı bakacaÄız, telaffuza alıÅmak için kelimelerin üzerine tıklayın ve sesi dinleyin."}},en_alp_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Sessiz Harfler"}},en_alp_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ Sesli Harfler"}},en_alp_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. 常è§åæ¯ç»å"}},en_alp_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. ä¸åé³çåæ¯"}}},de:{de_alp_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almanca Telaffuz Kılavuzu"}},de_alp_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu telaffuz kılavuzunun amacı, yeni bir kelimeyle karÅılaÅtıÄınız her defasında onu nasıl telaffuz edeceÄinizi öÄrenmeniz. Burada bahsedilen bazı kavramlar ileri seviye gramer konularına aittir. Fakat her Åeyi birden anlamak için kendinize baskı yapmayınız lütfen - özellikle de bu hayatınızdaki ilk Almanca öÄrenme giriÅiminiz ise. ÃÄreniminiz süresince buraya istediÄiniz zaman dönebilirsiniz. Viel Spaà (iyi eÄlenceler)!"}},de_alp_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almanca Alfabe"}},de_alp_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c. Vurgusu deÄiÅken ön ekler (vurgulamaya göre kelime anlamını deÄiÅtiren ön ekler): über-, um-, unter-, etc."}},de_alp_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) Yabancı kelimeler"}},de_alp_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"Almancada özümlenmiÅ yabancı kelimeler genellikle orijinalinde olduÄu gibi vurgulanır."}},de_alp_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Latince veya Fransızca kökenli kelimelerin vurgusu ya son ya da sondan ikinci hecede:"}},de_alp_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"-ant, -anz, -enz, -ion, -ismus, -ist, -ment, -tät, -ieren"}},de_alp_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) BileÅik kelimeler"}},de_alp_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BileÅik kelimelerin vurgusunda ilk kelime vurgulanır."}},de_alp_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Heceler"}},de_alp_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Düzenli Ãnlü Harfleri ve Umlaut Ãnlü Harfleri"}},de_alp_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almancada 5 düzeli ünlü harf ve üç umlaut ünlü harfleri var: a, e, i, o, u ve ä, ö, ü. a, o, u ve ä, ö, ü farklı telaffuz edilir."}},de_alp_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Ãnsüz + Ãnlü"}},de_alp_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almanca ünlü harflerin telaffuzu uzun ve kısa sesler olarak ayrılır."}},de_alp_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun okunan bir ünlüdür:"}},de_alp_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"- EÄer ünlü harf ayrı bir hece ise;"}},de_alp_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'- EÄer ünlü harfin ardından tek bir ünsüz gelirse, ör. \\"Vater\\" kelimesinde olduÄu gibi, ünlü harf uzun okunur. Fakat \\"Mann\\" kelimesinde iki ünsüz harf geldiÄinden dolayı kısa okunur.'}},de_alp_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'- EÄer ünlü harf ardı ardına çift yazılıyorsa uzun okunur. Ãr. \\"Maat\\" kelimesindeki \\"aa\\" gibi, \\"See\\" kelimesindeki \\"ee\\" gibi ve \\"Boot\\" kelimesindeki \\"oo\\" gibi. Ancak \\"I\\" ünlü harfinden iki tane yanyana duramaz. \\"I\\" ünlü harfinin uzun okunuÅu genellikle \\"ie\\" olarak yazılır. Ãr. \\"Sieben\\". \\"u/ä/ö/ü\\" ünlü harfleri asla ardı ardına çift yazılmaz.'}},de_alp_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`- EÄer ünlü harfin ardından 'h' gelirse. Ãr. "Huhn" kelimesindeki "h" gibi ("h" sesli okunmaz).`}},de_alp_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Ãiftses ve GruplanmıŠÃnsüzler"}},de_alp_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) Ãiftsesler (ünlü + ünlü): au, ei/ai, eu/äu"}},de_alp_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) Ãift Ãnsüzler"}},de_alp_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bir ünsüz çift yazıldıÄında okunuÅu deÄiÅmez."}},de_alp_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'\\"K\\" ünsüz harf çift yazılmaz,fakat \\"ck\\" olarak yazılır.'}},de_alp_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) GruplanmıŠÃnsüzler"}},de_alp_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) "dt" ve "th"'}},de_alp_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) ph"}},de_alp_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) tz, ts"}},de_alp_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"d) chs, x"}},de_alp_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Ãzel Telaffuzlar"}},de_alp_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) ch"}},de_alp_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) EÄer "a/o/u/au" ünlü harflerinin ardından gelirse:'}},de_alp_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almancada toplam 30 harf bulunur: 26 latin harf ve 4 özel harf (ä,ö,ü,Ã)."}},de_alp_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'b) EÄer bir ünsüz harften sonra ya da "a/o/u/au" dıÅındaki herhangi bir ünlü harf veya çiftsesten sonra gelirse:'}},de_alp_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) b, d, g"}},de_alp_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) EÄer bir hecenin sondan ikinci pozisyonunda gelirse VEYA ardından bir ünsüz harf gelirse "p, t, k" olarak okunurlar:'}},de_alp_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Onun dıÅında her zaman olduÄu gibi okunurlar:"}},de_alp_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) s, Ã"}},de_alp_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) "S" bir ünlü harften önce geldiÄinde ötümlü (Türkçe z gibi) okunur.'}},de_alp_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Fakat bir ünlü harfin ardından gelirse veya ardından ünsüz bir harf gelirse ötümsüz okunur (Türkçe s gibi):"}},de_alp_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"c) Ã:"}},de_alp_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) st, sp"}},de_alp_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) Bir kelimenin baÅında durduÄunda "s" her zaman "Å" olarak okunur:'}},de_alp_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelime Vurgusu"}},de_alp_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Onun dıÅında her zaman ötümsüz olarak okunur:"}},de_alp_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5) pf, kn"}},de_alp_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu ünsüz sesler kombinasyonlarındaki tüm ünsüzler telaffuz edilmeli (Ä°Åin sırrı ilk ünsüzü daha yumuÅakça okumak.)"}},de_alp_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6) ng"}},de_alp_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7) qu"}},de_alp_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"q" harfi mutlaka "u" ile eÅleÅtirilerek kullanılır: "qu"'}},de_alp_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8) w, v"}},de_alp_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) "w" harfi, alt dudaÄı hafifçe üstteki ön diÅlere bastırarak telaffuz edilir. Tıpkı Türkçedeki "v" harfi gibi:'}},de_alp_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'b) "v" ise genellikle Türkçedeki "f" harfi gibi telaffuz edilir:'}},de_alp_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'c) Almancaya geçmiÅ bir yabancı kelime olmadıÄı sürece, "v" tıpkı Türkçedeki "v" gibi okunur:'}},de_alp_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"1) Genel olarak Almancada çoÄu kelimenin vurgusu ilk hecede:"}},de_alp_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"9) ig"}},de_alp_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a) Kelimelerin sonunda:"}},de_alp_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Bir ünlü harften önce:"}},de_alp_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"10) sch, tsch"}},de_alp_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"11) y"}},de_alp_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) EÄer bir ünsüz harften sonra gelirse "ü" harfiyle okunuÅu aynıdır:'}},de_alp_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b) Y ile baÅlayan neredeyse tüm kelimeler Almancaya geçen yabancı kelimeler:"}},de_alp_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"12) r"}},de_alp_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'a) EÄer "r" ünsüz harfinden sonra ünlü harfler gelirse:'}},de_alp_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'b) EÄer "r" harfinden sonra kısa sesli bir ünlü harf gelirse ünlü harf ile kaynaÅır:'}},de_alp_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) Ãn eki bulunan kelimelerde bir kaç kalıp bulunur:"}},de_alp_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'c) "-er/-ern/-ert" gibi ayrılmaz son eklerde ve "er-/ver-/zer-" gibi ayrılmaz ön eklerde "r" harfi:'}},de_alp_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'d) Kelimelerin sonunda duran "r" harfi(genelde uzun bir ünlü harften sonra gelir):'}},de_alp_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to translate"}},de_alp_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ferry across the river"}},de_alp_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a. Ayrılabilir ön ekler vurgulu: auf, ein, aus, bei, mit, un, an, etc."}},de_alp_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"b. Ayrılamaz ön ekler vurgusuz: be-, er-, ent-, zer-, etc."}}},es:{es_alp_10_x:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"10. x"}},es_alp_11_z:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"11. Z"}},es_alp_1_as_the_initial_or_a_word_or_after_the_letters_m_n_both_are_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) As the initial or a word or after the letters âm/nâ, both are pronounced:"}},es_alp_1_b_v:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. b/v"}},es_alp_1_c_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) âc + a/o/uâ"}},es_alp_1_g_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) âg + a/o/u"}},es_alp_1_is_the_one_and_only_written_accent_mark_in_spanish_it_appears_only_above_the_five_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. â is the one and only written accent mark in Spanish. It appears only above the five vowels: á, é, Ã, ó, ú."}},es_alp_1_the_spanish_r_is_a_rhotic_one:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) The Spanish ârâ is a rhotic one."}},es_alp_1_when_x_is_the_initial_letter_of_a_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) When âxâ is the initial letter of a word:"}},es_alp_1_z_a_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) âz + a/o/uâ"}},es_alp_2_c_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âc + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_c_q:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. c/q"}},es_alp_2_g_u_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âg + u + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_in_other_cases_both_are_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) In other cases, both are pronounced:"}},es_alp_2_q_u_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) âq + u + e/iâ"}},es_alp_2_the_stress_of_vowel_ending_words_falls_on_the_second_last_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. The stress of vowel-ending words falls on the second last syllable."}},es_alp_2_when_r_is_the_initial_letter_or_after_n_l_s_or_doubled_as_rr_it_s_trilled_strongly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) When ârâ is the initial letter or after ân/l/sâ or doubled as ârrâ, itâs trilled strongly."}},es_alp_2_when_x_is_between_two_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) When âxâ is between two vowels:"}},es_alp_3_c_c_n_t_d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) âc + c/n/t/dâ"}},es_alp_3_ch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. ch"}},es_alp_3_except_words_ending_with_n_or_s_the_stress_of_consonant_ending_words_falls_on_the_last_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Except words ending with ânâ or âsâ, the stress of consonant-ending words falls on the last syllable."}},es_alp_3_g_e_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) âg + e/iâ"}},es_alp_3_when_x_is_before_a_consonant:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3) When âxâ is before a consonant:"}},es_alp_4_except_in_these_two_words_they_are_pronounced_like_j:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) Except in these two words, they are pronounced like âjâ:"}},es_alp_4_g:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. g"}},es_alp_4_in_gue_gui_if_the_u_has_two_dots_on_top_the_u_must_be_pronounced:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4) In âgue/guiâ, if the âuâ has two dots on top, the âuâ must be pronounced:"}},es_alp_4_when_a_diphthong_is_the_stressed_syllable_the_stress_falls_on_the_strong_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. When a diphthong is the stressed syllable, the stress falls on the strong vowel."}},es_alp_5_h:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. h"}},es_alp_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. ñ"}},es_alp_7_r:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7. r"}},es_alp_8_ll:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8. ll"}},es_alp_9_j:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"9. j"}},es_alp_a_diphthong_a_strong_vowel_a_weak_vowel_or_a_weak_vowel_a_weak_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A diphthong = a strong vowel + a weak vowel OR a weak vowel + a weak vowel"}},es_alp_consonant_blends:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant Blends"}},es_alp_consonant_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant + Vowel"}},es_alp_diphthongs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diphthongs"}},es_alp_in_some_countries_it_s_pronounced_as_s_but_in_some_other_regions_it_s_ks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some countries, itâs pronounced as âsâ, but in some other regions, itâs âksâ:"}},es_alp_in_the_following_cases_z_and_c_are_pronounced_like_the_english_th_in_spain_whereas_in_latin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In the following cases, âzâ and âcâ are pronounced like the English âthâ in Spain, whereas in Latin America, they are pronounced like âsâ ."}}
1,es_alp_let_s_start_with_the_most_basic_consonant_vowel_combinations_and_hear_how_each_is_pronounced_in_an_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letâs start with the most basic consonant-vowel combinations and hear how each is pronounced in an example."}},es_alp_letters_a_e_o_are_called_the_strong_vowels_and_i_u_are_the_weak_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters âa/e/oâ are called the strong vowels, and âi/uâ are the weak vowels."}},es_alp_special_pronunciations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Special Pronunciations"}},es_alp_the_accent_mark_indicates_which_part_of_the_word_is_stressed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The accent mark indicates which part of the word is stressed."}},es_alp_the_consonant_ll_is_pronounced_differently_in_spain_and_latin_america_tap_the_words_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The consonant âllâ is pronounced differently in Spain and Latin America. Tap the words below to hear the difference. (âESâ = Spain; âMXâ = Mexico)"}},es_alp_the_diphthongs_ai_ei_oi_generally_become_ay_ey_oy_at_the_end_of_words_except_at_the_end_of_conjugated_verbs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The diphthongs âai/ei/oiâ generally become âay/ey/oyâ at the end of words EXCEPT at the end of conjugated verbs."}},es_alp_the_five_vowels_a_e_i_o_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Five Vowels: a e i o u"}},es_alp_the_letter_h_is_always_muted_but_it_can_never_be_omitted_in_writing_or_spelling:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The letter âhâ is always muted. But it can never be omitted in writing or spelling."}},es_alp_the_spanish_alphabet:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Spanish Alphabet"}},es_alp_there_are_29_letters_in_the_spanish_alphabet_with_5_vowels_and_24_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 29 letters in the Spanish alphabet with 5 vowels and 24 consonants."}},es_alp_triphthongs:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Triphthongs"}},es_alp_when_l_r_are_placed_after_p_b_c_g_t_d_f_their_sounds_tend_to_blend_together:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When âl/râ are placed after âp/b/c/g/t/d/fâ, their sounds tend to blend together."}},es_alp_when_r_is_in_the_middle_or_at_the_end_of_a_word_it_s_short_soft_and_less_explosive:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When ârâ is in the middle or at the end of a word, itâs short, soft and less explosive."}},es_alp_word_stress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Word Stress"}},esus_alp_the_consonant_ll_is_pronounced_differently_in_spain_and_latin_america_tap_the_words_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The consonant "ll" is pronounced differently in Latin America and Spain. Tap the words below to hear the difference. ("MX"="Mexico", "ES"="Spain")'}},esus_alp_in_the_following_cases_z_and_c_are_pronounced_like_the_english_th_in_spain_whereas_in_latin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In the following cases, "z" and "c" are pronounced like the English "s" in Latin America, whereas in Spain, they are pronounced like "th".'}}},fr:{fr_alp_section_1_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There 26 letters in the French alphabet: 6 vowels and 20 consonants."}},fr_alp_section_1_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Some letters appear with accent marks, such as "à ", "é", "î" etc.; we will learn more about their functions in a dedicated section for accent marks. Before we start learning the pronunciation rules, let's get familiar with a few important concepts on phonetics first.`}},fr_alp_section_1_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters and Basic Phonetics"}},fr_alp_section_2_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In general, the number of vowels in a word indicates its number of syllables. A syllable can be an open or closed one, depending on its final pronunciation. Take the word "teacher" in French:'}},fr_alp_section_2_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"We can hear 3 syllables. The first two syllables are open syllables because they end with vowels, and the last syllable is a closed one because it ends with the consonant [r]."}},fr_alp_section_2_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Attention: though many words in French end with consonants, these consonants are not pronounced. This means we need to rely on the actual pronunciation of a word instead of its spelling to find out the open-closed characteristic of the syllable."}},fr_alp_section_2_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Syllables"}},fr_alp_section_3_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The stress of a word usually falls on the last syllable. Please listen to the example words below."}},fr_alp_section_3_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The pronunciation patterns of French can be quite complicated for beginners; there are some patterns as well as exceptions. This introduction covers some of the most common patterns, which should be able to help you pronounce 80% of the words in this course."}},fr_alp_section_3_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Stress"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. The vowel "a" and its variations with accent marks, such as "â" or "à ", are usually pronounced [a]. For example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠before the consonant sound [z]:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⣠"o" is pronounced [É] when it's before other consonants:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. There are many ways to pronounce "e":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â when "e" appear as "é", it's pronounced [e]:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â¡ when "e" is before two duplicate consonants or in a closed syllable, it's pronounced [É]ï¼`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⢠all other forms of "e", such as "è", "ê" and "ë" are pronounced [É]ï¼'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⣠"e" is silent when it's the last letter of a word:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Common Vowel Combinations"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. "ai/ay", "ei/ey" are pronounced [É]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "au", "eau" are usually pronounced [o]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. Vowel "e" is by default pronounced [É]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "ou" and "aou" are pronounced [u]. Adding accent marks on them does not affect the pronunciations.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. "eu", "Åu" are pronounced [Å]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"but pronounced as [ø] in final open syllables:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"For beginners, [ø], [É] and [Å] may be hard to tell from each other, but we can assure you that as you spend more time listening to French, your ears will pick up the subtle differences."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal Vowels"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal sounds are produced by by the voice resonating in the nose. French nasal vowels are [ÉÌ]ï¼[ÉÌ]ï¼[ÉÌ] and [ÅÌ]."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. Letter combinations "an", "am", "en" and "em" are usually pronouned [ÉÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Attention: in "enn/emm", "e" is NOT pronounced [É], for example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "in", "im", "yn", "ym", "ain", "aim" and "ein" are usually pronounced [ÉÌ] :'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "on" and "om" are pronounced [ÉÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. Vowels "i, î, ï, y" are usually pronounced [i]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. "un" is pronounced [ÅÌ]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Semi-vowels"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Semivowels are speech sounds that fall between vowels and consonants."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`1. "ou" is pronounced [w] when it's before a vowel:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. "oi" and "oy" are pronounced [wa]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`3. Letter "y" is usually pronounced [j] when it's the first letter of a word:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. When "y" is between two vowels, it forms semivowels with both of them:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Take the word "voyelle" for example, "oy" together makes the [wa] sound, and "ye" together makes the [je] sound.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`5. "i" is pronounced [j] if it's between a vowel and a consonant:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'6. "il" and "ille" are pronounced [j]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'4. The vowel "o" is usually pronounced [É] or [o]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'7. "u" is pronounced [É¥] before vowels:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"8. Common semivowel-nasal vowel combinations:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"General Patterns:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Exceptions:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`1. "c" is pronounced [k] before "a, o, u". It's pronounced as [s] when it's before "i, e, y" or appear as "ç":`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`2. "g" is always pronounced [g] before "a, o, u" or consonants, but it's pronounced [Ê] when it's before "i, e, y".`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. "h" in French is always silent. Read more about "H muet" and "H aspiré" near the end of this introduction.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`4. "s" is pronounced [z] when it's between two vowels:`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`5. "t" is usually [t], but it's pronounced [s] in "-tion":`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'5. Vowels "u, û, ü" are usually pronounced as [y]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'6. "x" is usually found at the end of a word. In other cases, it may be [ks] or [s]:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*usually seen in numerals"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7. Most final consonants are silent, but they are pronounced in these situations:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â when followed by "e": usually seen in the feminine forms of adjectives or nouns:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ when a word ends with one of "c, f, l, q, r, ct":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠in a loanword, such as an English word:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Common Consonant Letter Combinations"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Attention:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Two duplicate consonants are pronounced as one consonant:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Extended Reading:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The vowels "o" and "e" change their sounds a lot. It's not required to know them by heart at the beginning of your learning journey.`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Accents"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"Accent marks have two important roles:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â to differentiate sounds; "e" is pronounced differently when it takes different accent marks.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ to differentiate words with the same pronunciations; for example, "sur" and "sûr" may sound the same but are two different words.'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are 5 accent marks in total. Take the letter "e":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"All letters with accent marks:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Ãlision"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In linguistics, elision refers to the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking. In French, it means the final unstressed vowel of a word is dropped when it's immediately before another word beginning with a vowel, for example: l'enfant, s'il, n'est."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Liaison"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'We already know that in French most word-final consonants are not pronounced. But when they are immediately before a word beginning with a vowel or the mute h, they need to be pronounced and merged smoothly with the following vowel sound. This rule is called "liaison".'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. "o" is pronounced [o] in these situations:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"for example:"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"C'est un garçon. [sÉ-tÅÌ-garsÉÌ]"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In liaison, "s, x, z" are pronounced [z]. For example:'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"les enfants [lezÉÌfÉÌ]"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_74:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liaison is required in these combinations: subject pronoun + the conjugated verb and definite article + noun."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_75:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Liaison is optional in other circumstances."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_76:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. H aspiré and H muet"}},fr_alp_section_4_content_77:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The letter "h" in a word is always silent, but there are two types of "h". Unlike with the mute h, when the word starts with the aspirated h, it does not partake in liaison or elision. For example, "le héro" cannot contracted to "l'héro" because the "h" in "héro" is an aspirated one.`}},fr_alp_section_4_content_78:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There is no pattern to the mute-aspirated characteristic of the letter h. In other words, words with aspirated h should be memorized separately."}},fr_alp_section_4_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â when "o" carries the circumflex mark and appear as "ô":'}},fr_alp_section_4_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ in a word-final open syllable:"}},fr_alp_section_4_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},fr_alp_table_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"produces the [s] sound:"}},fr_alp_table_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"English Translation"}},fr_alp_table_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Symbol"}},fr_alp_table_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Function"}},fr_alp_table_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Acute Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that "e" makes the sound of [e]:'}},fr_alp_table_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Grave Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that "e" makes the sound of [É]'}},fr_alp_table_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Circumflex Accent"}},fr_alp_table_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"indicates the sound of [É] should be made"}},fr_alp_table_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Trema or Diaeresis"}},fr_alp_table_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" is silent'}},fr_alp_table_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates the sound [É] should be made; used to divide the pronunciation of two adjacent vowels, such as "Noël".'}},fr_alp_table_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cedilla"}},fr_alp_table_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'indicates that the "c" makes the [s] sound; this mark is not used on other letters.'}},fr_alp_table_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" makes the sound of [ks] or [kz]'}},fr_alp_table_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"x" makes the sound of [s]*'}},fr_alp_table_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Silent word-final consonants"}},fr_alp_table_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronounced word-final consonants"}},fr_alp_table_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ex" + consonants'}},fr_alp_table_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ex" + vowels'}},fr_alp_table_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"French names"}}},it:{it_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Italian is a phonetic language. If you can master its spelling rules, you can basically listen and write words and easily read out loud any portion of Italian text. Beginners don't need to master all of these pronunciation rules. However, it's recommended to simply understand them at first. Click on the audio to imitate the pronunciation and, if you encounter problems at any time while you study, you can go back to check. Let's try it together!"}},it_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian Alphabet"}},it_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian language has 26 letters:"}},it_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âJ, k, w, x, yâ are foreign letters that usually appear in foreign words. Among the remaining 21 letters, 5 of them are vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and 16 are consonants."}},it_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},it_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Italian language has 5 vowels:"}},it_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notes:"}},it_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. The pronunciation of âeâ and âoâ can be done with either an open or a closed mouth:"}},it_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Why is there no accent mark in "cuore" and "correre"? Check the following note.'}},it_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. Accent marks only appear in words that end with a vowel, and they are pronounced on the last syllable of the word. In other situations, they are generally omitted (it is why we do not put an accent mark in "cuore" or "correre"). For example:'}},it_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. As you practice your pronunciation, pay attention to the difference between open and closed accents since this distinction can sometimes change the meaning of the word. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Italian accents are usually stressed on the second-to-last syllable. However, irregularities need to be memorized separately."}},it_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Italian consonants are relatively easier to pronounce. Please, click on the following words to learn their pronounciations:"}},it_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Special Consonants"}},it_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. c, g"}},it_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following words give you examples of the pronunciation of the consonants âcâ and âgâ when they are followed by vowels âaâ, âoâ and âuâ:"}},it_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following words give you examples of the pronunciation of the consonants âcâ and âgâ when they are followed by vowels âiâ and âeâ:"}},it_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. h"}},it_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Generally, the letter âhâ is silent. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"However, when it's placed after the consonants âcâ or âgâ, it can change the original pronunciation."}},it_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. zï¼s"}},it_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"The consonants âzâ and âsâ have two different pronunciations: voiceless and voiced."}},it_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Beginners don't need to master the specific rules of voiceless and voiced âzâ and âsâ. It's enough to remember the pronunciation of specific words you come across."}},it_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Combining Consonants"}},it_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(1) Combining Consonants âscâ"}},it_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Whenever the consonants âsâ and âcâ are combined, there can be a pronunciation change:"}},it_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"However, when the letters are followed by the consonant âhâ, the pronunciation doesn't change:"}},it_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(2) Combining Consonants âgnâ"}},it_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When the consonants âgâ and ânâ are placed next to each other, the pronunciation changes:"}},it_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(3) The syllable âgliâ"}},it_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"When the consonants âgâ and âlâ are combined with the vowel âiâ, in most cases the pronunciation changes:"}},it_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some cases, the sound doesn't change. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(4) Double Consonant"}},it_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Italian, there can be two identical consonants right next to each other. This is called a double consonant. Double consonants can change the meaning of the word, therefore you need to pay attention when you pronounce them. For example:"}},it_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Some common combinations of double consonants are: cc, ff, gg, ll, mm, nn, rr, tt, etc."}},it_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},it_alp_section_table_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pole"}},it_alp_section_table_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},it_alp_section_table_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ninth"}},it_alp_section_table_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"grandfather"}},it_alp_section_table_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"open mouth"}},it_alp_section_table_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"closed mouth"}},it_alp_section_table_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peach"}},it_alp_section_table_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"fishing"}}},ru:{ru_alp_section_table_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kız kardeÅ"}},ru_alp_section_table_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"diÅ"}},ru_alp_section_table_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"çorba"}},ru_alp_section_table_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"evet"}},ru_alp_section_table_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"amca"}},ru_alp_section_table_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"burada"}},ru_alp_section_table_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teyze"}},ru_alp_section_table_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gaz"}},ru_alp_section_table_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gitar"}},ru_alp_section_table_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kahve"}},ru_alp_section_table_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tokyo"}},ru_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rus alfabesinde 21 sessiz harf bulunmaktadır. Sessiz harflerin çoÄu, onu takip eden harfe göre sert veya yumuÅak ses oluÅturur."}},ru_alp_section_table_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gül"}},ru_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"- Sessiz harften sonra âа, о, Ñ, Ñ, Ñâ harflerinden biri gelirse, sert bir ses elde edilir."}},ru_alp_section_table_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pirinç"}},ru_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"- Sessiz harften sonra âÑ, Ñ, Ñ, е, и, Ñâ, harflerinden biri gelirse, yumuÅak bir ses elde edilir."}},ru_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sert-yumuÅak harf çiftleri Åu Åekildedir:"}},ru_alp_section_table_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"asansör"}},ru_alp_section_table_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hayır"}},ru_alp_section_table_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lamba"}},ru_alp_section_table_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ay"}},ru_alp_section_table_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"burun"}},ru_alp_section_table_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kimya"}},ru_alp_section_table_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"anne"}},ru_alp_section_table_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kıÅ"}},ru_alp_section_table_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hokey"}},ru_alp_section_table_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"et"}},ru_alp_section_table_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åef"}},ru_alp_section_table_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
1],s:"de (dahi anlamında)"}},ru_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ âе, Ñâ seslileri vurgulu hecede deÄillerse ve 1. Maddedeki duruma da uymuyorlarsa, / jÉ / olarak okunurlar:"}},ru_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â âе, Ñâ seslileri vurgudan hemen önceki hecede veya vurgusuz baÅlangıç hecesinde bulunuyorlarsa daha zayıf okunurlar, / и / gibi:"}},ru_alp_section_table_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harf"}},ru_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AÅaÄıdaki sessiz-sesli çiftlerinin telaffuzları sabittir (deÄiÅmezdir):"}},ru_alp_section_table_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"banka"}},ru_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Sabit çiftler"}},ru_alp_section_table_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçesi"}},ru_alp_section_table_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"akıl"}},ru_alp_section_table_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"o (eril)"}},ru_alp_section_table_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Belediye baÅkanı"}},ru_alp_section_table_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"oÄul"}},ru_alp_section_table_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hata"}},ru_alp_section_table_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yanak"}},ru_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ"}},ru_alp_section_table_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mayıs"}},ru_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rus alfabesi, Kiril yazısındaki harfleri kullanır. Modern Rus alfabesinde 10âu sesli, 21âi sessiz, 2âsi de iÅaret olmak üzere 33 harf bulunmaktadır."}},ru_alp_section_table_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãar"}},ru_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Sesli Harfler"}},ru_alp_section_table_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Saat"}},ru_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rus alfabesinde 10 sesli harf bulunmaktadır."}},ru_alp_section_table_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åampuan"}},ru_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Sessiz Harfler"}},ru_alp_section_table_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hayat"}},ru_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ âа, оâ harfleri vurgu hecesinde deÄillerse ve 1.maddedeki duruma da uymuyorlarsa, / É / olarak okunurlar:"}},ru_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â âа, oâ harfleri vurgudan hemen önceki hecede ya da vurgusuz baÅlangıç hecesinde bulunuyorlarsa, daha zayıf biçimde okunurlar, / Ê / gibi."}},ru_alp_section_table_2_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"IPA"}},ru_alp_section_table_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"baÄlantı"}},ru_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âеâ ve âÑâ seslileri için sesli azaltım kuralları:"}},ru_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. Sesli Azaltımı (vurgusuz sesli) Kuralları"}},ru_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âÑ, Ñâ iÅaretleri hiçbir zaman telaffuz edilmez. Sessiz harflerin sertlik/yumuÅaklık durumunu belirlemenin yanında, sessiz harf ile onu takip eden sesli harfin seslerini ayırma görevi de görür. ÃrneÄin:"}},ru_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"âAâ ve âoâ seslileri için sesli azaltım kuralları"}},ru_alp_section_table_2_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},ru_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Birden fazla hecesi olan bir sözcükte, diÄer hecelere göre daha üstüne basarak okunan/telaffuz edilen heceye sözcüÄün vurgu hecesi adı verilir. Rusça sözcüklerde vurgu belirli bir kalıba göre yapılmaz. Ãok heceli bir sözcükte vurgusuz okunan seslilerin telaffuzu hafif deÄiÅiklik gösterebilir, örneÄin yalın haldeki "окнó" (pencere) sözcüÄünde iki hecede de "o" harfi bulunmasına raÄmen, vurgu ikinci "o" harfinde olduÄu için, birinci "o" harfi, "a" gibi okunur. Buna sesli azaltımı adı verilir. Türkçe yazıldıÄı gibi okunduÄu için buna benzer bir durum Türkçede yoktur.'}},ru_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AÅaÄıdaki sessiz harfler sadece sert ses oluÅturabilirler:"}},ru_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Ñ, Ñ iÅaretleri"}},ru_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AÅaÄıdaki sessiz harfler sadece yumuÅak ses oluÅturabilirler:"}},ru_alp_section_table_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fyodor"}},ru_alp_section_table_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vazo"}}
1,ru_alp_section_table_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beyaz"}},ru_alp_section_table_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bayrak"}},ru_alp_section_table_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Putin"}},ru_alp_section_table_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bira"}},ru_alp_section_table_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ve"}},ru_alp_section_table_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"metin"}},ru_alp_section_table_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kirpi"}},ru_alp_section_table_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"güney"}}},jp:{voiced_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sesli Ãnsüzler"}},there_are_massive_amounts_of_kanji_in_the_japanese_language_that_are_almost_identical_in_appearance_with_chinese_characters_yet_with_completely_different_pronunciations_and_denotations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are massive amounts of Kanji in the Japanese language that are almost identical in appearance with Chinese characters yet with completely different pronunciations and denotations."}},hiragana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana"}},kanji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kanji"}},w_1_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"student"}},japanese_writing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japanese Writing"}},w_1_2108:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"simple"}},katakana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Katakana"}},as_particles:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÄlaç olarak:"}},note_the_hepburn_system_is_in_this_app_adopted_by_default:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(Note: LingoDeer uses the Hepburn system by default.)"}},w_1_149:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},_3_in_goj_on_each_kana_is_represented_in_hiragana_katakana_and_romanization_romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. In GojÅ«on, each Kana is represented in Hiragana, Katakana and Romanization (Romaji)."}},hiragana_originates_from_the_cursive_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_the_form_of_hiragana_is_round_and_smooth_without_any_sharp_angles_hiragana_is_a_phonetic_lettering_system_it_can_be_used_to_represent_the_pronunciation_of_a_kanji_as_well_as_used_alone_as_a_character_in_writing_when_hiragana_is_used_as_a_character_on_its_own_it_can_be_a_segment_of_a_word_or_a_grammatical_element_in_a_sentence_such_as_a_particle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana originates from the cursive script of Chinese calligraphy. The form of Hiragana is round and smooth without any sharp angles. Hiragana is a phonetic lettering system. It can be used to represent the pronunciation of a Kanji as well as used alone as a character in writing. When Hiragana is used as a character on its own, it can be a segment of a word or a grammatical element in a sentence such as a particle."}},hiragana_placed_above_a_kanji_is_called_furigana_which_indicates_the_pronunciation_of_the_kanji_as_in_the_examples_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana placed above a Kanji is called Furigana, which indicates the pronunciation of the Kanji as in the examples below:"}},_5_pay_special_attention_to_the_pronunciation_of_the_kana_in_the_penultimate_row_ra_row_the_japanese_r_is_non_rhotic_though_romanized_as_ra_ri_ru_re_ro_they_should_be_pronounced_like_la_li_lu_le_lo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'5. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of the Kana in the penultimate row (ra-row). The Japanese "r" is non-rhotic. Though Romanized as "ra, ri, ru, re, ro", they should be pronounced like "la, li, lu, le, lo".'}},other_than_goj_on_japanese_has_additional_pronunciation_rules_such_as_voiced_consonants_y_on_hatsuon_long_vowels_and_sokuon_each_of_those_will_be_explained_one_by_one_as_follows:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Other than GojÅ«on, Japanese has additional pronunciation rules such as voiced consonants, YÅon, Hatsuon, long vowels and Sokuon. Each of those will be explained one by one as follows:"}},sokuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sokuon"}},notice_the_romaji_writing_rule_for_sokuon_is_to_double_the_consonant_letter_of_the_kana_following_the_sokuon_syllable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notice: The Romaji writing rule for Sokuon is to double the consonant letter of the Kana following the Sokuon syllable."}},there_are_two_romanizations_in_use_today_the_kunrei_shiki_and_the_hepburn_system_they_are_slightly_different_in_marking_the_reading_of_some_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are two Romanizations in use today, the Kunrei-shiki and the Hepburn System. They are slightly different in marking the reading of some Kana:"}},n_is_individual_kana_it_is_usually_not_used_on_its_own_but_in_conjunction_with_other_kana_kana_which_is_called_hatsuon_examples_are_as_follows:{t
1:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ã(n)" is individual Kana. It is usually not used on its own but in conjunction with other Kana: "Kana+ã", which is called Hatsuon. Examples are as follows:'}},_1_a_goj_on_chart_consists_of_five_columns_and_ten_rows_the_first_row_contains_the_five_japanese_vowels_and_they_are_considered_the_most_important_of_all_because_the_hiragana_in_the_other_nine_rows_is_pronounced_based_on_a_combination_of_consonants_and_those_five_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. A GojÅ«on chart consists of five columns and ten rows. The first row contains the five Japanese vowels and they are considered the most important of all, because the Hiragana in the other nine rows is pronounced based on a combination of consonants and those five vowels."}},katakana_comes_from_the_regular_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_its_form_is_more_angular_in_comparison_with_hiragana_both_hiragana_and_katakana_can_be_used_to_represent_japanese_pronunciation_and_each_katakana_has_a_correspondent_hiragana_which_has_the_same_sound_and_vice_versa_katakana_is_usually_used_to_spell_foreign_words_the_words_in_the_chart_below_all_have_english_origins_therefore_are_written_in_katakana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Katakana comes from the regular script of Chinese calligraphy. Its form is more angular in comparison with Hiragana. Both Hiragana and Katakana can be used to represent Japanese pronunciation. And each Katakana has a correspondent Hiragana, which has the same sound, and vice versa. Katakana is usually used to spell foreign words. The words in the chart below all have English origins, therefore are written in Katakana."}},desk:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Masa"}},goj_on_fifty_sounds_is_the_foundation_of_japanese_learning_it_is_the_japanese_alphabetical_order_and_its_name_refers_to_the_5_10_grid_in_which_the_characters_are_displayed_by_using_a_goj_on_chart_hiragana_and_katakana_can_be_learned_and_memorized_pretty_fast:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'GojÅ«on ("the Fifty Sounds") is the foundation of Japanese learning. It is the Japanese "alphabetical order" and its name refers to the 5Ã10 grid in which the characters are displayed. By using a GojÅ«on chart, Hiragana and Katakana can be learned and memorized pretty fast.'}},w_1_231:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"school"}},w_1_431:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"magazine"}},fifty_sounds_goj_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fifty Sounds (GojÅ«on)"}},w_1_158:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"small"}},w_1_159:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"big"}},long_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun Ãnlüler"}},gojuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GojÅ«on (elli ses)"}},romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaji"}},there_are_voiceless_and_voiced_consonants_in_japanese_voiced_consonants_are_created_by_adding_two_dashes_to_the_upper_right_corner_of_their_voiceless_counterparts_as_in_ga_row_with_consonant_g_which_stems_from_the_voiceless_ka_row_with_consonant_k_za_row_with_consonant_z_from_the_voiceless_sa_row_with_consonant_s_da_row_with_consonant_d_from_ta_row_with_consonant_t_and_ba_row_with_consonant_b_pa_row_with_consonant_p_from_ha_row_with_consonant_h_the_following_voiced_consonants_chart_would_be_helpful_for_learning_and_memorization:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are voiceless and voiced consonants in Japanese. Voiced consonants are created by adding two dashes to the upper-right corner of their voiceless counterparts as in: "ã/ga-row" (with consonant âgâ), which stems from the voiceless "ã/ka-row" (with consonant "k"); "ã/za-row" (with consonant "z") from the voiceless "ã/sa-row" (with consonant "s"); "ã /da-row" (with consonant "d") from "ã/ta-row" (with consonant "t"); And "ã°/ba-row" (with consonant "b") "ã±/pa-row" (with consonant "p") from "ã¯/ha-row" (with consonant "h"). The following voiced consonants chart would be helpful for learning and memorization.'}},w_1_718:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"airport"}},_4_romaji_is_japanese_writing_in_roman_letters_for_the_convenience_of_transliteration_for_speakers_of_other_languages_who_don_t_read_any_kana_apart_from_being_broadly_employed_in_signs_or_slogans_aimed_at_international_audiences_romaji_is_also_a_very_common_way_to_input_japanese_into_computers_in_the_beginning_phase_of_learning_japanese_pronunciation_romaji_would_be_greatly_helpful_as_well:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Romaji is Japanese writing in Roman letters for the convenience of transliteration for speakers of other languages who donât read any Kana. Apart from being broadly employed in signs or slogans aimed at international audiences, Romaji is also a very common way to input Japanese into computers. In the beginning phase of learning Japanese pronunciation, Romaji would be greatly helpful as well."}},the_following_are_some_examples_of_long_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The following are some examples of long vowels:"}},hepburn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hepburn"}}
1,row:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Satır"}},when_kana_is_followed_by_the_same_vowel_it_forms_a_long_vowel_sound_for_example_ka_a_should_be_pronounced_as_ka_the_long_vowel_sound_also_goes_for_the_kana_in_e_column_followed_by_i_and_the_kana_in_o_column_followed_by_u:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'When Kana is followed by the same vowel, it forms a long vowel sound. For example, "ka+a" should be pronounced as "[ka:]". The long vowel sound also goes for the Kana in "e-column" followed by "i" and the Kana in "o-column" followed by "u".'}},camera:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kamera"}},y_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon"}},the_japanese_writing_system_consists_of_three_different_systems_hiragana_katakana_and_kanji_for_example_this_simple_japanese_sentence_below_i_buy_a_television_includes_all_of_the_three:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Japanese writing system consists of three different systems: Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji. For example, this simple Japanese sentence below (I buy a television) includes all of the three:"}},_2_for_each_row_it_s_named_with_the_first_kana_hiragana_katakana_for_example_the_first_row_is_called_a_row_and_for_each_column_it_is_also_named_with_the_first_kana_hiragana_katakana_for_example_the_first_column_is_a_column:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. For each row, itâs named with the first "Kana"(Hiragana, Katakana). For example, the first row is called "a-row". And for each column, it is also named with the first Kana (Hiragana, Katakana). For example, the first column is "a-column".'}},in_goj_on_usually_doesn_t_appear_on_its_own_but_rather_in_combinations_with_other_kana_go_to_hatsuon_for_detailed_reference_while_inputting_on_a_keyboard_double_type_n_for:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'in GojÅ«on usually doesnât appear on its own, but rather in combinations with other Kana (go to Hatsuon for detailed reference). While inputting on a keyboard, double-type "n" for "ã".'}},w_1_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japanese"}},umbrella:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åemsiye"}},television:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Televizyon"}},y_on_are_represented_in_hiragana_using_any_kana_in_i_row_such_as_ki_combined_with_ya_yu_yo_for_example_kyo_is_written_as_kyo_using_a_much_smaller_version_of_the_yo_kana_as_a_subscript_to_this_format_also_rings_true_for_the_other_two_and:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'YÅon are represented in Hiragana using any Kana in "ã/i-row", such as ã (ki), combined with ãyaããyuããyo. For example, kyo, is written as ãã [kyo], using a much smaller version of the yo Kana ã as a subscript to ã. This format also rings true for the other two ã and ã.'}},column:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sütun"}},_7_the_last_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7.The last Kana"}},i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ben"}},placed_between_two_kana_marks_sokuon_the_tip_to_pronounce_it_is_to_make_a_short_and_sudden_stop_between_the_two_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ã£" placed between two Kana marks "Sokuon". The tip to pronounce it is to make a short and sudden stop between the two Kana.'}},_6_note_that_the_bracketed_kana_in_the_third_row_to_the_last_ya_row_and_the_last_row_wa_row_are_the_same_as_the_kana_in_the_first_row_a_row:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Note that the bracketed Kana in the third row to the last (ya-row) and the last row (wa-row) are the same as the Kana in the first row (a-row)."}},w_1_1443:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cafe"}},coffee:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kahve"}},kurei_shiki:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kunrei-shiki"}},the_kunrei_shiki_system_is_very_orderly_and_traditional_in_nature_and_is_primarily_used_inside_japan_mostly_in_domestic_textbooks_the_hepburn_system_is_a_direct_reflection_of_kana_s_pronunciation_for_its_simplicity_in_grasping_japanese_pronunciation_the_hepburn_system_is_extensively_applied_in_japanese_teaching_internationally:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Kunrei-shiki system is very orderly and traditional in nature and is primarily used inside Japan, mostly in domestic textbooks. The Hepburn system is a direct reflection of Kanaâs pronunciation. For its simplicity in grasping Japanese pronunciation, the Hepburn system is extensively applied in Japanese teaching internationally."}}
1,hatsuon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hatsuon"}},as_segments_of_a_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bir kelimenin parçaları olarak:"}},w_1_774:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"convenient"}},After_pronouncing_the_first_Kana_naturally_glide_to_an_en_sound:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"After pronouncing the first Kana, naturally glide to an 'en' sound."}}},kr:{a_complex_vowel_is_made_up_of_two_simple_vowels_vowels_and_is_pronounced_by_gliding_from_one_vowel_to_the_other_the_key_is_to_not_create_any_breaks_between_the_two_simple_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A complex vowel is made up of two simple vowels and is pronounced by gliding from one vowel to the other. The key is to not create any breaks between the two simple vowels."}},double_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Double Consonants"}},_2_is_a_silent_consonant_before_a_vowel_when_it_comes_after_a_vowel_it_is_a_nasal_sound_like_ng_in_lung:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2.ã
is a silent consonant before a vowel. When it comes after a vowel, it is a nasal sound /Å/, like ng in lung."}},a_complex_final_is_written_left_to_right:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A complex final is written left to right:"}},plosive_sounds_are_unreleased_at_a_final_position_your_mouth_needs_to_be_prepared_to_produce_the_plosive_finals_but_never_actually_released_to_make_the_sounds_auditable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Plosive sounds [ã±, ã·, ã
] are unreleased at a final position. Your mouth needs to be prepared to produce the plosive finals but never actually released to make the sounds auditable."}},a_final_consonant_if_there_is_one_is_always_written_at_the_bottom_under_the_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A final consonant, if there is one, is always written at the bottom, under the vowel:"}},final_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"final 1"}},final_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"final 2"}},actual_pronunciations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Actual pronunciations"}},complex_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Complex vowels"}},h_initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"h(initial)"}},plain:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Plain"}},consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},single_consonants:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Consonants"}},vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},_1_y_simple_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. y+simple vowel"}},_2_w_simple_vowel_and_eui:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. w+simple vowel and ui"}},_2_has_three_possible_pronunciations_n_when_there_is_no_consonant_and_locates_at_the_beginning_of_a_word_it_should_be_pronounced_as_eui_n_when_it_functions_as_a_possessive_marker_it_should_be_pronounced_as_e_n_when_there_is_a_consonant_it_should_be_pronounced_as_i:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2.ã
¢ has three possible pronunciations: <br/>â When there is no consonant and ã
¢ locates at the beginning of a word, it should be pronounced as ã
¡+ã
£/eu+i. <br/>â¡ When it functions as a possessive marker, it should be pronounced as ã
/e. <br/>⢠When there is a consonant, it should be pronounced as ã
£/i."}},initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"initial"}},_1_korean_consonants_are_grouped_into_three_categories_plain_aspirated_and_tense_ntake_the_first_row_of_the_chart_below_for_example_n_plain_is_a_very_soft_sound_comparing_to_the_other_two_it_is_voiceless_sounds_like_k_at_the_beginning_of_a_word_but_voiced_sounds_like_d_between_two_voiced_sounds_n_aspirate_is_stronger_than_with_a_forceful_expulsion_of_air_n_tense_requires_no_aspiration_and_it_is_a_very_intensive_sound:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Korean consonants are grouped into three categories: plain, aspirated, and tense. Take the first row of the chart below for example: <br/>ã±(plain) is a very soft sound comparing to the other two. It is voiceless (sounds like /k/) at the beginning of a word, but voiced (sounds like /d/) between two voiced sounds. <br/>ã
(aspirated) is stronger than ã± with a forceful expulsion of air. <br/>ã²(tense) requires no aspiration, and it is a very intensive sound."}},a_vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a(vowel)"}},in_the_following_games_you_will_master_korean_s_alphabet_in_no_time_let_s_get_started:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In the following games, you will master Koreanâs alphabet in no time. Letâs get started."}},korean_word_structure:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korean Syllable Blocks"}},_1_the_distinction_between_and_no_longer_exist_among_native_korean_speakers_expect_older_generation_the_distinctions_between_and_and_and_are_too_minor_to_be_told_as_well:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. The distinction between ã
and ã
no longer exist among native Korean speakers (except the older generation). The distinctions between ã
and ã
, and ã
and ã
, are too minor to be told as well."}},instead_of_being_written_sequentially_like_the_letters_of_the_latin_script_hangul_letters_are_grouped_into_blocks_such_as_han_each_of_which_represents_a_syllable_that_said_although_the_syllable_han_may_look_like_a_single_character_it_is_actually_composed_of_three_letters_h_a_and_n:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Instead of being written sequentially like the letters of the Latin script, Hangul letters are grouped into blocks, such as í han, each of which represents a syllable. That said, although the syllable í han may look like a single character, it is actually composed of three letters: ã
h, ã
a, and ã´ n."}},and_have_two_possible_pronunciations_hangul_in_square_brackets_indicates_the_actual_pronunciation_to_read_reading_large_broad_to_step_on:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡, â¢ãº and ã¼ have two possible pronunciations (Hangul in square brackets indicates the actual pronunciation):<br/>ì½ë¤[ìµë°] to read <-> ì½ê¸°[ì¼ë¼] reading<br/>ëë¤[ëë°] large, broad <-> ë°ë¤[ë°¥ë°] to step on"}},vowel_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel.1"}},each_syllabic_block_consists_of_two_to_six_letters_including_at_least_one_consonant_and_one_vowel_these_blocks_are_then_arranged_horizontally_from_left_to_right_or_vertically_from_top_to_bottom:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each syllabic block consists of two to six letters, including at least one consonant and one vowel. These blocks are then arranged horizontally from left to right or vertically from top to bottom."}},finals:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Finals"}},vowel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel"}},aspireated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aspirated"}},single_vowels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Vowels"}},hangul_consists_of_19_consonants_and_21_vowels_korean_characters_are_hangul_letters_grouped_into_syllabic_blocks_on_this_page_we_will_introduce_the_pronunciation_of_each_letter_and_the_formation_of_korean_characters:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hangul consists of 19 consonants and 21 vowels. Korean characters are Hangul letters grouped into syllabic blocks. On this page, we will introduce the pronunciation of each letter and the formation of Korean characters."}},there_are_9_main_types_of_layouts_as_shown_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 9 main types of layouts as shown below."}},_3_there_are_27_final_consonants_in_korean_however_only_7_possible_pronunciations_for_the_finals_for_instance_is_pronounced_as_and_is_pronounced_as_you_can_refer_to_the_table_below_for_the_actual_pronunciation_of_each_final_consonant:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. There are 27 final consonants in Korean, but only 7 possible pronunciations for the finals. For instance: ì is pronounced as ì» and ì is pronounced as ì
. You can refer to the table below for the actual pronunciation of each final consonant."}},n_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"n(final)"}},vowel_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"vowel.2"}},tense:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tense"}},hangul_is_the_korean_alphabet_it_has_been_used_to_write_the_korean_language_since_its_creation_in_the_15th_century_under_sejong_the_great_it_is_the_official_writing_system_of_south_korea_and_n
1orth_korea_wikipedia:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hangul is the Korean alphabet. It has been used to write the Korean language since its creation in the 15th century under Sejong the Great. It is the official writing system of South Korea and North Korea (Wikipedia)."}}},cn:{what_s_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÄ°NYÄ°N NEDÄ°R?"}},pinyin_is_the_romanization_of_the_chinese_characters_based_on_their_pronunciation_it_uses_25_letters_of_26_letters_of_the_roman_alphabet_although_it_s_the_first_time_you_read_pinyin_you_will_be_able_to_guess_50_of_them_correctly_cause_the_symbols_are_quite_the_same_as_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin, Ãince karakterlerin telaffuzları temel alınarak latin harfleriyle yazılıÅıdır. Pinyin yazarken Latin alfabesinin 26 harfinin 25âi kullanılır. Türkçedeki harflere benzerlikleri sebebiyle ilk kez pinyin okuyorsanız bile harflerin okunuÅlarının yarısından fazlasını doÄru tahmin edebilirsiniz."}},this_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu, Pinyin"}},this_is_character:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu, Karakter"}},pinyin_three_parts:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÄ°NYÄ°N: Ãà KISIM"}},generally_pinyin_syllable_consists_of_three_parts_initial_final_and_tone_please_tap_to_listen_each_part:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bir Pinyin hecesi genellikle üç kısımdan oluÅur: ön hece, son hece ve ton. Her bir kısmı dinlemek için hafifçe dokunun."}},tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TON"}},initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃN HECE"}},_s_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SON HECE"}},mostly_a_syllable_starts_with_an_initial_there_are_23_initials_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃoÄunlukla heceler, bir ön hece ile baÅlar. Ãincede 23 ön hece vardır:"}},the_final_follows_the_initial_in_a_syllable_there_are_35_finals_6_are_simple_finals_and_29_are_compound_finals:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Son hece, ön heceden sonra gelir. Ãincede 35 son hece vardır. Bunların 6âsı basit son hece, 29âu bileÅik son hecedir."}},simple_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Basit Son Hece:"}},compound_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BileÅik Son Hece:"}},chinese_is_a_tonal_language_the_same_syllable_with_differeent_tone_has_different_meaning_there_are_four_tones_and_a_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãince tonal bir dildir. Aynı hecenin farklı tonlarda telaffuzları farklı anlamlar taÅır. Ãincede dört ton ve bir nötr ton vardır:"}},first:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birinci"}},second:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°kinci"}},third:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãçüncü"}},fourth:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dördüncü"}},neutral:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nötr"}}},vt:{vt_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Generally, Vietnamese syllables have three parts: the initial, the final and the tone."}},vt_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Syllables"}},vt_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Vietnamese language does not use the letters F(f), J(j), W(w) and Z(z). Besides the ordinary âD(d)â, there is the varied version âÄ (Ä)â. And there are 6 special letters with accent marks:"}},vt_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Vietnamese alphabet uses the Latin script. There are 29 letters in the Vietnamese alphabet:"}},vt_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Standard Vietnamese (Hanoi) has 6 tones. Take âaâ sound for example:"}},vt_alp_section_content_15_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tonlar"}},vt_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"And these 8 consonants can be finals (the end of a word):"}},vt_alp_section_content_15_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"All the consonants can be initials (the start of a word)."}},vt_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Consonants"}},vt_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 17 single consonants and 10 compound consonants:"}},vt_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Compound Consonants"}},vt_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Single Vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 12 single vowels, 32 double vowels and 13 triple vowels."}},vt_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Triple vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Double Vowels"}},vt_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sixth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fifth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Note: the marks on the letters Ä, â, ê, ô, Æ¡, Æ° are not tone marks."}},vt_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Second tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fourth tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Third tone"}},vt_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},vt_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mark"}},vt_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no mark"}},vt_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"First tone"}}},th:{thai_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Thai is the official language of Thailand. Standard Thai, the variant we will learn in this course, is spoken throughout the country and is based on the dialect spoken in Central Thailand . 2The Thai script contains 44 consonant symbols, 32 vowel symbols, and 4 tone diacritics. Mastering all these symbols and their corresponding spelling rules is the key to reading in Thai. Let's take a look at each symbol.`}},thai_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Consonants"}},thai_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 44 consonant letters in Thai, but only 21 consonant sounds. That means you'll see several different letters representing the same sound. In this section, we'll be learning 42 consonant letters, since two of the letters are no longer used."}},thai_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"As you can see in the chart below, each consonant letter has two transcriptions. The transcription on the left indicates its sound as an initial at the start of a word, and the one on the right indicates its sound as a final at the end of a word."}},thai_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Each consonant letter has a "name", which consists of two parts: 1. a combination of the consonant and the vowel sound /o/; and 2. a word with the consonant. For instance, the letter ภrepresents the /k/ sound, and its letter name is "ภà¹à¸à¹/ko kai". The first part "à¸/ko" is the combination of /k/ and the vowel sound /o/; the second part "à¹à¸à¹/kai", meaning "chicken", is a word that contains the consonant à¸.'}},thai_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},thai_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Thai vowel letters may be positioned above, below, or to the left or right of a consonant. In the vowel chart below, we use a dashed circle "â" to indicate the position where a consonant letter would be located.'}},thai_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are short vowel and long vowel pairs in Thai. Please pay special attention to the length of each vowel."}},thai_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Monophthongs"}},thai_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diphthongs"}},thai_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Tones"}},thai_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
2],s:"There are 5 tones in Thai."}},thai_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The first tone is a flat mid level tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: How long will you stay in Thailand? B: Mmm, about two weeks."}},thai_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The second tone is a low level tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Read it like you're expressing doubt or disbelief. "Mmm, I don't think so."`}},thai_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The third tone is a falling tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: I won first prize. B: Mmm! Well done!"}},thai_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fourth tone is a high level tone. You need to stress the syllable and keep it at a high pitch."}},thai_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: [mumble mumble mumbleâ¦] B: Mmm..? Sorry, what did you just say?"}},thai_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fifth tone is a rising tone."}},thai_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A: How is your trip to Thailand? B: Mmm? Iâve never been to Thailand."}},thai_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pay attention to "Mmm" in blue. It helps you simulate tones in Thai.'}}},tr:{tur_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Turkish language is the official language of Turkey and is also widely spoken in Cyprus and among diaspora communities across the world."}},tur_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The modern Turkish alphabet consists of 29 letters: eight vowels (a, e, ı, i, o, ö, u, ü) and 21 consonants. Turkish's phonetic nature enables a direct correspondence between letters and sounds."}},tur_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The Turkish alphabet includes several unique letters:"}},tur_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â Ã/ç: Pronounced like "ch" in "chip".'}},tur_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"çay (tea)"}},tur_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pirinç (rice)"}},tur_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`â¡ Ä/Ä: This letter, known as "yumuÅak g", doesn't have an English equivalent. When it follows a vowel, it makes that vowel sound longer.`}},tur_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"saÄ (right side)"}},tur_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"deÄil (not)"}},tur_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⢠I/ı: The "ı" (without a dot) is a unique sound to Turkish. It sounds like a combination of "oo" in "boot" and "i" in "bit".'}},tur_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nasıl (how)"}},tur_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kız (girl)"}},tur_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⣠İ/i: The Turkish "i" is dotted in both lowercase and uppercase forms. It is pronounced like "ee" in "see".'}},tur_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°stanbul (Istanbul)"}},tur_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"biz (we)"}},tur_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⤠Ã/ö: This letter represents a sound similar to the "eu" in French "peur" or "ö" in German "schön".'}},tur_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"köpek (dog)"}},tur_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"öÄrenci (student)"}},tur_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'⥠Å/Å: Pronounced like "sh" in "ship".'}},tur_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åeker (sugar)"}},tur_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"arkadaÅ (friend)"}},tur_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`⦠Ã/ü: This letter represents a sound similar to the "ü" in German "über", or the "u" in French "rue". It's pronounced with the lips rounded as if trying to say "oo" (as in "boot"), but instead, saying"ee" (as in "see").`}},tur_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türk (Turkish)"}},tur_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"üç (three)"}}},hi:{hindi_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi is the official language of India. Modern Standard Hindi, which we will learn in this course, is based on the dialect spoken in North India and used as the lingua franca in central, eastern, and western India."}},hindi_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hindi is written phonetically from left to right. It has 10 vowels and 35 consonants, as well as several compound characters."}},hindi_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
2],s:"1. Vowels"}},hindi_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Consonants"}},hindi_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`The table above represents the consonant letters in combination with the inherent vowel -a. The inherent vowel is usually omitted in word endings. 3Notes: 41. In Hindi, consonant sounds can be divided into four types according to voicing and aspiration. Take t/d, for example: 5a. त / ta is voiceless unaspirated (like âtâ in âstudyâ) 6b. थ / tha is voiceless aspirated (like âtâ in âtankâ) 7c. द / da is voiced unaspirated (like âdâ in âdanceâ) 8d. ध / dha is voiced aspirated (no equivalent in English, pronounced with a strong burst of breath). 92. Most sounds transliterated with a capital letter (such as ठ/ Ta, ठ/ Tha, ड / Da, ढ / Dha, ण / Na, ष / Sa, ड़ / Ra) are retroflex sounds. You need to pronounce retroflex sounds with the tip of the tongue curled back toward the hard palate. 103. Most consonants with a subscript dot (such as à¤à¤¼ / Kha, à¤à¤¼ / za, फ़ / fa) are used in loan words from Persian, Arabic, and English, except for ड़ / Ra, which is a native variation of र / ra.`}},hindi_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Syllables"}},hindi_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Hindi, consonant-vowel syllables are written as units. Each unit is based on a consonant letter with an additional diacritic mark representing a vowel."}},hindi_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diacritic"}},hindi_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant-vowel syllable"}},hindi_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},hindi_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Note: romanized as âmaâ in word endings."}},hindi_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Compound characters"}},hindi_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Compound characters"}},hindi_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Note: romanized as âmaâ in word endings."}},hindi_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. Other"}},hindi_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are also some special characters that mostly (but not always) appear in loan words, such as:"}},hindi_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Other"}},hindi_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Punctuation"}},hindi_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9}],s:"Hindi uses the same punctuation marks as English with one exception: the dot at the end of the sentence is written as |"}},hindi_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I am Raam."}},hindi_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"forgiven"}},hindi_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"met"}},hindi_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"humid"}},hindi_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"my"}},hindi_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},hindi_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mumbai"}},hindi_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peanut"}},hindi_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mobile phone"}},hindi_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"weather"}},hindi_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"England"}},hindi_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"New Delhi"}},hindi_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"film"}},hindi_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"birthday"}},hindi_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"skin"}},hindi_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},hindi_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},hindi_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},hindi_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"metro"}},hindi_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to study"}}},ar:{ar_alphabet_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters and Diacritics"}},ar_alphabet_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Arabic, there are 28 letters, or consonant sounds. Other vowels in Arabic take the form of diacritical marks, and are located above and below the constant it follows. Letâs look at how Arabic letter and diacritics are combined together."}},ar_alphabet_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diacritic"}},ar_alphabet_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letter"}},ar_alphabet_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cursive Writing"}},ar_alphabet_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Unlike English, the Arabic language has no uppercase or lowercase, and words are written in one continuous stroke, like cursive. Because of this, letters in Arabic can exhibit up to four distinct forms corresponding to an initial, middle/medial, final, or isolated position. Letâs take the letter Ù/h for example:"}},ar_alphabet_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},ar_alphabet_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Isolated"}},ar_alphabet_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he"}},ar_alphabet_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Initial"}},ar_alphabet_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"important"}},ar_alphabet_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Middle"}},ar_alphabet_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"trivial"}},ar_alphabet_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Final"}},ar_alphabet_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notice: * Ø° cannot connect to the following letter. Therefore, Ù following it must be in the isolated form."}},ar_alphabet_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 3 letters and 2 diacritics."}}
10,ar_alphabet_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âbâ sound in English. We use the letter âbâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âmâ sound in English. We use the letter âmâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sounds like a trill /r/ (usually one vibration) and a flap /ɾ/. We use the letter ârâ to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The fatha ÙتØØ© is placed above a letter. Although we transliterate it into /a/, it actually sounds more like a [æ] sound in English (as in âmanâ or âcatâ). We transliterate it into âaâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The kasra Ùسرة is placed below a letter. Similar to /i/ sound. We transliterate it into âiâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 diacritics."}},ar_alphabet_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the ânâ sound in English. We transliterate it into ânâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âdâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âdâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âhâ sound in English, but it is guttural, very breathy, and sounds like /h/ in âheartâ. We transliterate it into âHâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âtâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âtâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The damma ضÙ
Ø© is placed above a letter. Similar to /u/ sound. We transliterate it into âuâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The sukuun سÙÙÙ is placed above a letter. It indicates that the consonant it is attached to is not followed by a vowel."}},ar_alphabet_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 1 long vowel."}},ar_alphabet_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âwâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âwâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced palatal affricate and sounds like /j/ in âjamâ. We transliterate it into âjâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced interdental fricative and similar to the /th/ sound in âthoseâ in English. We transliterate it into âdhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âLâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âlâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Long vowel"}},ar_alphabet_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù/a and the letter ا/alif. We transliterate it into âaaâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 long vowels."}},ar_alphabet_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced post-dental emphatic stop. It can be approximated with an emphatic /d/. We transliterate it into âDâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"A constriction of the throat and an expulsion of the breath with the vocal cords vibrating. Its pronunciation is more like the pronunciation of its voiceless counterpart being Ø. ع is voiced and Ø is unvoiced. We transliterate it into â3â."}},ar_alphabet_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless velar fricative. We should pronounce it based on Ø/H and rub the throat at the same time. We transliterate it into âkhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced post-interdental emphatic fricative. It can be approximated with /th/ in 'father' but with the throat constricted. We transliterate it into âDHâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù /i and the letter Ù/y. We transliterate it into âiiâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"It is formed with a diacritic Ù /u and the letter Ù/w. We transliterate it into âuuâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 5 letters and 1 nunation."}},ar_alphabet_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless interdental fricative and similar to the /th/ sound in âthinkâ in English. We transliterate it into âthâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced uvular fricative like a gentle gargling. It is pronounced in a similar way that you gargle mouthwash. We transliterate it into âghâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless unaspirated uvular stop and similar to /c/ in âcaughtâ, but pronounced further back in the mouth. We transliterate it into âqâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âsâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âsâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"This letter is a âsilent consonantâ and it is used in the definite article and a long vowel. When alif combines with diacritics, it is always used with Ø¡/hamza which carries a glottal stop sound (like âuh-ohâ in English). When ا /alif is used with a hamza, we use the number 2 to transliterate it."}},ar_alphabet_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nunation"}},ar_alphabet_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double fatha is placed above a letter and sounds like /an/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù /a ( Ù ) and an ا/alif. We transliterate it into âanâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 2 nunations."}},ar_alphabet_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless post-dental sibilant emphatic. It can be approximated with /s/ in âsauceâ, except coming from deeper in the throat. When pronouncing it you will c
10onstrict the throat and curl your tongue slightly. We transliterate it into âSâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiced dental sibilant. It can be approximated with /z/ in âzooâ. We transliterate it into âzâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âyâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âyâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voiceless post-dental emphatic stop and constrict the throat. The tongue will release from the back of your top row of teeth. It can be approximated with the /d/ in âdawnâ. We transliterate it into âTâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double kasra is placed below a letter and sounds like /in/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù /i ( Ù ). We transliterate it into âinâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The double damma is placed above a letter and sounds like /un/ in English. It is formed with a double Ù/u ( Ù ). We transliterate it into âunâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In this lesson, we will learn 4 letters and 1 diacritic."}},ar_alphabet_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âhâ sound in English. We transliterate it into âhâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âkâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âkâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âshâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âshâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Similar to the âfâ sound in English so we transliterate it into âfâ."}},ar_alphabet_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The shadda Ù diacritic is written above a letter and indicates that the consonant is being doubled. In this case, the first consonant is pronounced with a sukuun, and its double will take either a fatha, damma, or kasra."}},ar_alphabet_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arabic Alphabet Chart"}},ar_alphabet_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Forms"}},ar_alphabet_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Name"}}},grk:{grk_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Letters"}},grk_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Greek is the official language of Greece and Cyprus, and is spoken by approximately 13.5 million people around the world. In Modern Greek, there are 24 uppercase letters and 25 lowercase letters. Notably, "Σ" is used for both "Ï" and "Ï" in lowercase. In the provided chart, we've compiled all Greek letters. Click on each block to hear their names. Some names, such as "alpha" and "omega," may sound familiar. However, you might observe variations as well, like "veta" for Î/β instead of "beta".`}},grk_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},grk_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Two-letter vowels"}},grk_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Consonants"}},grk_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"*Î/δ sounds like âthâ in âtheseâ."}},grk_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Two-letter consonants"}},grk_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"well, fine"}},grk_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},grk_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cheap"}},grk_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"peanut"}},grk_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},grk_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nose"}},grk_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"how"}},grk_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},grk_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Iâm"}},grk_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friends (male)"}},grk_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ouzo"}},grk_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"she"}},grk_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"egg"}},grk_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thank you"}},grk_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"euro"}},grk_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"visa"}},grk_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"France"}},grk_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"celebration"}},grk_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"not"}},grk_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sugar"}},grk_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I want"}},grk_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good, well, fine"}},grk_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wolf"}},grk_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"America"}},grk_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},grk_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sour"}},grk_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"how"}},grk_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"park"}},grk_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"your (plural)"}},grk_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tired"}},grk_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},grk_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friend (female)"}},grk_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sugar"}},grk_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bread"}},grk_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"English (language)"}},grk_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"excuse me"}},grk_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beer"}},grk_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"umbrella"}},grk_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sandwich"}},grk_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"jeans"}},grk_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}}},ukr:{ukr_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian is an East Slavic language and the official language of Ukraine with over 27 million native speakers w
10orldwide."}},ukr_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters"}},ukr_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian is written in Ukrainian Cyrillic. The modern Ukrainian alphabet has 33 letters in total."}},ukr_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},ukr_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronunciation"}},ukr_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},ukr_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},ukr_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ñ and '"}},ukr_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`In addition to the vowels and consonants listed above, the Ukrainian alphabet contains the letter Ь Ñ ("м'Ñкий знак", "soft sign"), which produces no sound, but palatalizes ("softens") the preceding consonant.`}},ukr_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Not palatalized"}},ukr_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalized"}},ukr_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukrainian consonants are also palatalized before vowels Ð Ñ, I i, Ю Ñ, Я Ñ:"}},ukr_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"To prevent palatalization, we use the apostrophe ':"}},ukr_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anna"}},ukr_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sister"}},ukr_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"euro"}},ukr_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},ukr_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pizza"}},ukr_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},ukr_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},ukr_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukraine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Julia"}},ukr_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yana"}},ukr_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"borscht"}},ukr_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"she"}},ukr_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hotel"}},ukr_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"crow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good, fine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"magazine"}},ukr_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tomorrow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"WiFi"}},ukr_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kyiv"}},ukr_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"but"}},ukr_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mom"}},ukr_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"not"}},ukr_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"female friend"}},ukr_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rice"}},ukr_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"soup"}},ukr_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},ukr_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cafe"}},ukr_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(I) want"}},ukr_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this, it"}},ukr_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}},ukr_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chocolate"}},ukr_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},ukr_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lotion"}},ukr_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cola"}},ukr_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"role"}},ukr_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anna"}},ukr_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},ukr_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"omelet"}},ukr_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(it's) pouring"}},ukr_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},ukr_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"visa"}},ukr_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"meadow"}},ukr_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"love"}},ukr_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"house"}},ukr_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},ukr_alp_section_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},ukr_alp_section_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"meat"}},ukr_alp_section_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},ukr_alp_section_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"computer"}}},idn:{idn_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Indonesian is the official language of the Republic of Indonesia and is spoken by over 270 million people. It uses the Latin alphabet, consisting of 26 letters, the same as the English alphabet. However, some letters have different pronunciations. Additionally, Indonesian has simpler phonetic rules, so the spelling of words generally matches their pronunciation."}},idn_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},idn_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each vowel's pronunciation is quite similar to that in English."}},idn_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Indonesian, the vowel "e" has two pronunciations. The first is the schwa, a more neutral and unstressed sound, similar to the "a" in "about". The second is the open "e", which sounds like the "e" in "bed".'}},idn_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Most instances of "e" are pronounced as a schwa.'}},idn_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},idn_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Indonesian consonants are also very easy to pronounce. Note that the letters Q, V, and X are rarely used, primarily appearing in loanwords."}},idn_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Be careful with these consonants (p, t, k) that appear at the end of syllables. They are not actually pronounced; instead, they are articulated by "stopping the airflow".'}},idn_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The Indonesian "ng" is pronounced just like "ng" in English words, as in "sing".'}},idn_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Indonesian, "ny" is similar to the Spanish "ñ", like the "ny" in "canyon" with a nasal sound.'}},idn_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},idn_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},idn_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"store"}},idn_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teacher"}},idn_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the schwa"}},idn_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"six"}},idn_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the open âeâ sound"}},idn_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ice"}},idn_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},idn_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},idn_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he, she"}},idn_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"movie"}},idn_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sorry"}},idn_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},idn_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},idn_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},idn_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"orange"}},idn_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},idn_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},idn_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},idn_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"expensive"}},idn_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},idn_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},idn_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ride"}},idn_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},idn_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"morning"}},idn_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"laptop"}},idn_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Quran"}},idn_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"noisy"}},idn_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},idn_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},idn_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nice"}},idn_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"three"}},idn_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},idn_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"volleyball"}},idn_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"time"}},idn_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},idn_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zebra"}},idn_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"laptop"}},idn_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},idn_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},idn_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},idn_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},idn_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},idn_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"singer"}}},mal:{mal_alp_section_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"What is Malay?"}},mal_alp_section_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},mal_alp_section_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},mal_alp_section_theader_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Formal"}},mal_alp_section_theader_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Informal"}},mal_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Malay is a language within the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the western Austronesian language family, originally spoken by the Malay people. Today, it is the national language of Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesiaâwhere it is known as "Indonesian." Malay is also one of the four official languages of Singapore.'}},mal_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The version of Malay taught here is Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu Standard), which is widely understood across Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei. Although it shares similarities with Indonesian, differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage have led to a growing divergence between the two languages. Despite this, they remain largely mutually intelligible."}},mal_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malay uses the Latin alphabet, consisting of 26 letters, with a straightforward pronunciation that closely matches its spelling."}},mal_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Each vowel's pronunciation is quite similar to that in English."}},mal_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"you"}},mal_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"this"}},mal_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"empty, zero"}},mal_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teacher"}},mal_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, the vowel "e" has two pronunciations. The first is the schwa /É/, a more neutral and unstressed sound, similar to the "a" in "about." The second is the open "e," which sounds like the "e" in "bed."'}},mal_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Most instances of "e" are pronounced as a schwa.'}},mal_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"the schwa"}},mal_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"six"}},mal_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'the open "e" sound'}},mal_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"can"}},mal_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, the "a" sound at the end of words is commonly pronounced as a schwa /É/ in informal speech.'}},mal_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},mal_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},mal_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malay consonants are also very easy to pronounce. Note that the letters Q, V, and X are rarely used, primarily appearing in loanwords."}},mal_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mother"}},mal_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},mal_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"he, she"}},mal_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"movie"}},mal_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sorry"}},mal_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},mal_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},mal_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},mal_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},mal_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},mal_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"expensive"}},mal_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to eat"}},mal_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"chicken"}},mal_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to ride"}},mal_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"road"}},mal_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"morning"}},mal_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"delicious"}},mal_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Quran"}},mal_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thousand"}},mal_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},mal_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I"}},mal_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ice"}},mal_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"three"}},mal_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},mal_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"video"}},mal_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"money"}},mal_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yes"}},mal_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zoo"}},mal_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Be careful with these consonants (p, t, k) that appear at the end of syllables. They are not actually pronounced; instead, they are articulated by "stopping the airflow."'}},mal_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"delicious"}},mal_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"four"}},mal_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"child"}},mal_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The Malay "ng" is pronounced just like "ng" in English words, as in "sing."'}},mal_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},mal_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},mal_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'In Malay, "ny" is similar to the Spanish "ñ," like the "ny" in "canyon" with a nasal sound.'}},mal_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"only"}},mal_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"singer"}}},pol:{pol_alp_section_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Overview"}},pol_alp_section_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alphabet"}},pol_alp_section_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowels"}},pol_alp_section_title_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonants"}},pol_alp_section_title_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Digraphs"}},pol_alp_section_title_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nasal vowels"}},pol_alp_section_title_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalization"}},pol_alp_section_title_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Devoicing"}},pol_alp_section_title_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Word stress"}},pol_alp_section_theader_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Example"}},pol_alp_section_theader_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"IPA"}},pol_alp_section_theader_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vowel"}},pol_alp_section_theader_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Consonant"}},pol_alp_section_theader_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Digraph"}},pol_alp_section_theader_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letter"}},pol_alp_section_theader_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rule"}},pol_alp_section_theader_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Palatalization pattern"}},pol_alp_section_theader_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Devoicing pattern"}},pol_alp_section_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish is a West Slavic language with over 40 million native speakers w
10orldwide. It ranks as the sixth most-spoken language in the European Union."}},pol_alp_section_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish alphabet derives from the Latin alphabet, but includes some additional letters with diacritics."}},pol_alp_section_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mr."}},pol_alp_section_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"phone"}},pol_alp_section_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ms."}},pol_alp_section_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Polish"}},pol_alp_section_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to speak"}},pol_alp_section_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to love"}},pol_alp_section_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},pol_alp_section_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"very"}},pol_alp_section_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"what"}},pol_alp_section_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to give"}},pol_alp_section_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"far away"}},pol_alp_section_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"closet"}},pol_alp_section_content_15:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bigos, hunter's stew"}},pol_alp_section_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hotel"}},pol_alp_section_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I am"}},pol_alp_section_content_18:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cat"}},pol_alp_section_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"years"}},pol_alp_section_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"nicely"}},pol_alp_section_content_21:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mom"}},pol_alp_section_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wine"}},pol_alp_section_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},pol_alp_section_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"parrot"}},pol_alp_section_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"fish"}},pol_alp_section_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"juice"}},pol_alp_section_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"world"}},pol_alp_section_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dad"}},pol_alp_section_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"water"}},pol_alp_section_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"music"}},pol_alp_section_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"badly"}},pol_alp_section_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"wife"}},pol_alp_section_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Note: The letters Q q, V v, and X x are only used in loanwords (e.g. quiz, vlog) or abbreviations (e.g., a word starting with ks- being abbreviated as x.)."}},pol_alp_section_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"a little"}},pol_alp_section_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"or"}},pol_alp_section_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bell"}},pol_alp_section_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sound"}},pol_alp_section_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"jam"}},pol_alp_section_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"well"}},pol_alp_section_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"please"}},pol_alp_section_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single or at the end of word"}},pol_alp_section_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one (feminine accusative)"}},pol_alp_section_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before ch, f, h, rz, s, sz, Å, w, z, ź or ż"}},pol_alp_section_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"husband"}},pol_alp_section_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before b or p"}},pol_alp_section_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},pol_alp_section_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before c, cz, d, dz, dż or t"}},pol_alp_section_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},pol_alp_section_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before Ä or dź"}},pol_alp_section_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to take"}},pol_alp_section_content_51:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before g or k"}},pol_alp_section_content_52:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"train"}},pol_alp_section_content_53:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single or before ch, f, h, rz, s, sz, Å, w, z, ź or ż"}},pol_alp_section_content_54:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"language"}},pol_alp_section_content_55:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"end of word"}},pol_alp_section_content_56:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"I can"}},pol_alp_section_content_57:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"teeth"}},pol_alp_section_content_58:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(they) will be"}},pol_alp_section_content_59:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"five"}},pol_alp_section_content_60:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"beautiful"}},pol_alp_section_content_61:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Polish, consonants followed by -i are usually palatalized."}},pol_alp_section_content_62:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"warm"}},pol_alp_section_content_63:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no"}},pol_alp_section_content_64:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"seven"}},pol_alp_section_content_65:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"cold"}}
10,pol_alp_section_content_66:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"thank you"}},pol_alp_section_content_67:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"Devoicing" (a normally voiced consonant becoming voiceless) takes place if the consonant is followed by a voiceless consonant or if the consonant occurs at the end of the word.'}},pol_alp_section_content_68:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bread"}},pol_alp_section_content_69:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sweet"}},pol_alp_section_content_70:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"train"}},pol_alp_section_content_71:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yesterday"}},pol_alp_section_content_72:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gas"}},pol_alp_section_content_73:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bitter"}},pol_alp_section_content_74:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In Polish, stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable."}},pol_alp_section_content_75:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to teach (imperfective)"}},pol_alp_section_content_76:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"to teach (perfective)"}},pol_alp_section_content_77:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"male teacher"}},pol_alp_section_content_78:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"female teacher"}}},pt:{subtitle1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Portuguese alphabet"}},subtitle1_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are 26 letters in the Portuguese alphabet:"}},subtitle1_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"k, w, and y are letters that weren't originally included in Portuguese."}},subtitle2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Vowels"}},vowe_letter_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Letters"}},example_word_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Examples"}},subtitle3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Consonants"}},subtitle3_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1) Unambiguous consonants"}},subtitle3_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Most consonants are always pronounced the same way regardless of their position within the word."}},olá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hello"}},café_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"coffee"}},vida_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"life"}},avó_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"grandmother"}},uma_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},boa_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},porta_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"door"}},dama_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"madam"}},tema_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"topic"}},ficar_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"stay"}},janela_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"window"}},mala_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"suitcase"}},nome_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"name"}},subtitle3_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: in Portuguese, "p" and "t" are unaspirated, like "p" in "spot" and "t" in "stop".'}},subtitle3_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2) Variable consonants"}},subtitle3_2_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Some consonants change their pronunciation depending on their position within the word."}},rule_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rules"}},emit_sound_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pronunciation"}},a_o_u_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/o/u"}},cá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"here"}},e_i_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before e/i"}},cedo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"early"}},c_a_o_u_inter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"ç" only appears before a/o/u'}},moça_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"girl"}},gosto_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"like"}},gigante_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"huge"}},no_emit_sound_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"silent unless paired with another consonant"}},hoje_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"today"}},zero_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"zero"}},dez_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ten"}},ZYJKT:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the syllable"}},ZYJJW:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the syllable"}},subtitle3_2_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: [k] is unaspirated, like "k" in "skip".'}},subtitle3_2_p3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ d/t"}},subtitle3_2_p4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'There are instances when "d"/"t" pronunciation changes from the usual [d]/[t] to [dÊ]/[tÊ].'}},e_befor:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before e"}},i_befor:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before i"}},verde_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"green"}},dia_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"day"}},dente_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tooth"}},tio_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"uncle"}},subtitle3_2_p5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠r"}},subtitle3_2_p6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
10],s:'The pronunciation of the letter "r" also depends on its position within the word.'}},subtitle3_2_p7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`a. Generally speaking, "r" makes a rolled [R] sound at the beginning of the word. However, nowadays many native speakers tend to pronounce it as [h] instead, making it less challenging for people who can't roll their R's.`}},subtitle3_2_p8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'b. The double "rr" also makes either a rolled [R] or a [h] sound.'}},subtitle3_2_p9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'c. When the letter "r" is not at the beginning of the word, it is pronounced as a single-flap [r].'}},r_or_rr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"r or rr"}},replace_hh:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"[h] instead of [R]"}},rato_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"rat"}},carro_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"car"}},cara_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"face"}},once_r:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"single-flap [r]"}},subtitle3_2_p10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⣠s/x"}},subtitle3_2_p11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'The letters "s"/"x" come with many pronunciation rules. Here are the most common ones:'}},in_word_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the word"}},in_letter_after:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the syllable"}},at_letter_center:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"between two vowels"}},in_m_n_letter_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before syllables beginning with m/n"}},in_word_after:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word"}},sala_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"room"}},lápis_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"pencil"}},mesa_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"table"}},mesmo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"though"}},xarope_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"syrup"}},fênix_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"phoenix"}},exame_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"test"}},subtitle3_2_p12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Congratulations! Now you're ready to start your first Portuguese lesson! Or, if you want, you can read on and find out more about Portuguese pronunciation from the Extended Reading section below :)"}},subtitle4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Extended reading"}},subtitle4_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. e/o"}},subtitle4_1_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â In some cases, the letter "e" will be pronounced as [i];'}},subtitle4_1_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'â¡ In some cases, the letter "o" will be pronounced as [u].'}},subtitle4_1_note1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the beginning of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/e/o"}},subtitle4_1_note4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at the end of the word in unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_1_note5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"in some unstressed syllables"}},subtitle4_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Nasal vowels"}},subtitle4_2_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"In some cases, Portuguese vowels will be nasalized:"}},example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Spelling"}},subtitle4_2_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Note: Don't close your mouth when pronouncing the final "m".`}},estudo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"study"}},saúde_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"health"}},óleo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"oil"}},amigo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"friend"}},motivo_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"reason"}},irmã_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sister"}},bem_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},fim_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"end"}},um_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"one"}},bom_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"good"}},subtitle4_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Letter combinations"}},subtitle4_3_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'"Letter combinations" in Portuguese, similar to English, refers to the grouping of two or more letters that often make a unique sound.'}},subtitle4_3_p2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Common letter combinations:"}},subtitle4_3_p3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ gu/qu:"}},subtitle4_3_p4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'*Note: [k] and [kw] are unaspirated, like "k" in "skip".'}},subtitle4_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Accents"}},subtitle4_4_p1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"There are four accents in Portuguese. Accented vowels need to be stressed."}},chá_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"tea"}},minha_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"my"}},trabalham_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"work"}},niguém_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"no one"}},igual_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"same"}},quente_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hot"}},qual_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"which"}},lâmpada_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"lamp"}},maçã_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"apple"}},à s9h_word:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"at 9 o'clock"}},in_a_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a"}},in_a_o_before:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"before a/o"}},diacritic_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Accents"}}}},language:{arabic:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arapça"}},chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãince"}},english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizce"}},french_accelerated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fransızca (2.0)"}},french:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fransızca (1.0)"}},german:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almanca"}},greek:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yunanca"}},hindi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hintçe"}},indonesian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Endonezce"}},italian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°talyanca"}},japanese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca"}},korean:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korece"}},malay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malayca"}},polish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lehçe"}},portuguese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Portekizce"}},russian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rusça"}},spanish_latin_america:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°spanyolca (Latin Amerika)"}},spanish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°spanyolca (Ä°spanya)"}},thai:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tayca"}},turkish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçe"}},ukrainian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukraynaca"}},vietnamese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vietnamca"}}},webSpecial:{C0:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru harfi seçin"}}
10,C1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DuyduÄunuzu yazın"}},C2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°fadeleri eÅleÅtirin"}},C3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelimeyi yazın"}},S0:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni cümle"}},S1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru çeviriyi seçin"}},S10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cümleyi tamamlayın"}},S13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cümleyi yazın"}},S2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YanlıŠkelimeye dokunun"}},S3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cümleyi tamamlayın"}},S4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DuyduÄunuz kelimeye dokunun"}},S5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cümleyi çevirin"}},S6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Blokları cümlenin içine yerleÅtir."}},S8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DiyaloÄu tamamlayın"}},W1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru resmi seçin"}},W10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelimeyi yazın"}},W12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu ne demek?"}},W2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru çeviriyi seçin"}},W3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DuyduÄunuz kelimeye dokunun"}},W4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru resmi seçin"}},W5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelimeyi yazın"}},W6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°fadeleri eÅleÅtirin"}},W8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru resmi seçin"}},W9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelimeyi yazın"}},about_lingoDeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer hakkında"}},achievements:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÅarılar"}},add_a_new_course:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kurs ekle"}},all_learning_history:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tüm öÄrenme geçmiÅi"}},alphabet_chart:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alfabe Tablosu"}},anonymous_user:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anonim Geyik"}},back_to_home:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãye ol"}},become_a_premium_member_today_and_reach_intermediate_faster:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bugün premium üye ol ve orta seviyeye daha hızlı ulaÅ!"}},blog:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Blog"}},brought_to_you_by:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Brought to you by"}},by_using_LingoDeer_you_ve_got_yourself_a_head_start_in_learning_a_new_language:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer kullanarak yeni bir dil öÄrenmeye bir adım önde baÅladın!"}},careers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kariyerler"}},chinese_japanese_korean_and_more:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Chinese, Japanese, Korean and more"}},click_the_record_button_to_start_recording:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Kaydı baÅlatmak için "Kayıt" butonuna tıkla'}},click_to_play_audio:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kaydı dinlemek için bana tıkla"}},complete_all_recordings_to_preview:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnizlemeyi etkinleÅtirmek için tüm kayıtları tamamla."}},congratulations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tebrikler"}},congratulations_on_passing_the_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Testi baÅarıyla geçtiÄin için tebrikler!"}},continuous_learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sürekli ÃÄrenme"}},create_free_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ Yap veya Ãcretsiz Hesap Aç"}},daily_goal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Günlük Hedef"}},day_streak:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Günlük Seri"}},days:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Günler"}},email_support:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"E-posta DesteÄi"}},facebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Facebook"}},finish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bitir"}},follow_us:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bizi takip et!"}},get_full_access:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tam EriÅim SaÄla"}},go_back_and_try_a_different_link:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu sayfaya ulaÅılamıyor. Lütfen geri dön ve baÅka bir sayfa dene."}},go_home:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ana sayfaya dön"}},help_FAQ:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yardım / Sıkça Sorulan Sorular"}},hey_stranger:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hey yabancı."}},hour:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Saatler"}},i_have_got:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Benim ...... var."}},i_understand:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anladım"}},i_want_learn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄrenmek istiyorum"}},incognito_mode_warning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dikkat! Gizli modda ilerlemeni kaydedemeyeceÄiz. EÄer ilerlemeni kaybetmek istemiyorsan lütfen gizli modu kapat. TeÅekkürler."}},instagram:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Instagram"}},landpage_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dili çok deÄil, akıllıca çalıÅarak öÄren"}},landpage_content_10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dersler"}},landpage_content_11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"gramer ve kelime bilgisiyle dolu, her kurs orta seviyeye kadar öÄretir"}},landpage_content_12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Neden uygulamalar içinde LingoDeer en iyi öÄretiyor"}},landpage_content_13:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzman müfredatları"}},landpage_content_14:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dil öÄretmenleri tarafından hazırlanan gramer temelli müfredatımız, ekstra çaba harcamadan seçtiÄin dili derinlemesine anlamanı saÄlayacaktır."}},landpage_content_16:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"HD ses"}},landpage_content_17:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÅlangıçtan itibaren anadil konuÅmacıları tarafından seslendirilen derslerle öÄren. Robotik yapay seslerin, dinleme ve konuÅma becerilerini zayıflatmasına izin verme."}},landpage_content_19:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Detaylı açıklamalar"}},landpage_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÅÄ°MDÄ° BAÅLA"}},landpage_content_20:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer seçtiÄin dilin özgün karmaÅıklıÄını anlar. Burada netlik ve baÄlam içinde öÄreneceksin. Artık tahmin yapmaya çalıÅmak yok."}},landpage_content_22:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄrendiÄin her Åeyi aklında tut"}},landpage_content_23:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Artık flashcardları manuel olarak oluÅturmana gerek kalmıyor! Uygulamanın içine yerleÅtirilmiÅ pratik flashcard özelliÄini kullanarak tercihlerini seç ve yolculuÄunda kendini test et."}},landpage_content_24:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hedefe Yönelik EÄitimler ile diÄer alıÅtırmalarda yanlıŠcevapladıÄın soruları pekiÅtir. Bir odak noktası, kelime bilgisi veya gramer konusu seç ve hemen kendini geliÅtir."}},landpage_content_25:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ndirilebilir Bilgi Kartları ile temel dil bilgisi kavramlarını gözden geçir. Bunları telefonuna kaydedebilir veya yazdırabilirsin."}},landpage_content_26:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tamamen kiÅiselleÅtirilebilir bir deneyim"}},landpage_content_27:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer sana, senin için iÅe yarayan bir rutin ve ortam oluÅturma seçeneÄi sunar. Bir arka plan rengi, bir senaryo türü veya anlatıcının sesini seç. Herkesin çalıÅma Åeklinin farklı olduÄunu biliyoruz."}},landpage_content_28:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°lgi çekici hikayelerle konuÅma pratiÄi yap"}},landpage_content_29:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Her hikaye, yeni kelimeler ve ifadeler öÄretirken aynı zamanda ilginç kültürel ögeleri tanıtır. Burada okuma ve konuÅma becerilerini test et ve topluluktaki diÄer kullanıcılara meydan okuyarak eÄlen."}}
10,landpage_content_2_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gerçek LingoDeer Kullanıcılarından Yorumlar"}},landpage_content_2_2_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åu ana kadar benim için keyifli bir deneyim oldu. Bence mevcut en iyi dil öÄrenme uygulaması. Sadece kelime bilgisi ve önemli ifadeleri öÄretmekle kalmıyor, aynı zamanda dilin bel kemiÄi olan grameri de içeriyor. Böylece kendiniz cümleler kurabiliyor, aynı cümleleri bir papaÄan gibi tekrar etmek zorunda kalmıyorsunuz."}},landpage_content_2_2_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yaren LingoDeer'ı tavsiye ediyor:"}},landpage_content_2_3_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika bir uygulama! Kitaplarım yanımda olmadıÄında LingoDeer'da Japonca çalıÅıp pratik yapmak çok iÅime yarıyor. Uygulama son derece kapsamlı ve romajiyi ayarlardan kapatma seçeneÄi çok güzel; böylece romajiyi geçebilir veya öÄrenme aÅamanıza göre ayarlayabilirsiniz. Kesinlikle tavsiye ederim!"}},landpage_content_2_3_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Emir LingoDeer'ı tavsiye ediyor:"}},landpage_content_2_4_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Son derece faydalı bir uygulama. Takip etmesi kolay ve her gün iÅe giderken kullanmak ya da bir kafede oturup konuÅma pratiÄi yapmak çok eÄlenceli. Kurslar iyi organize edilmiÅ ve ses kayıtlarındaki telaffuz çok net. Bu uygulama ile Korece çalıÅmalarımı sürdüreceÄim."}},landpage_content_2_4_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Burcu LingoDeer'ı tavsiye ediyor:"}},landpage_content_2_5_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca öÄrenmek için sonunda Duolingo'dan Lingodeer'a geçtiÄimde, sanki beynimde bir ıÅık yanmıŠgibi hissettim. Her Åey anlam kazanmaya baÅladı! Genel olarak, Lingodeer tek baÅına bir dil öÄrenme yöntemi olarak oldukça etkili görünüyor. Sadece Lingodeer'ı kullanıp baÅka hiçbir Åey çalıÅmasanız bile, yine de saÄlam bir temel kazanabilirsiniz."}},landpage_content_2_5_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YiÄit LingoDeer'ı tavsiye ediyor:"}},landpage_content_2_6_c:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca öÄrenmek için en iyi uygulama! Kapsamlı gramer ve kelime bilgisi dersleri, aynı anda hem daha fazla öÄrenmenizi hem de kelime daÄarcıÄınızı geliÅtirmenizi saÄlıyor. LingoDeer, kesinlikle en iyi Asya dili öÄrenme uygulaması!"}},landpage_content_2_6_t:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Duygu LingoDeer'ı tavsiye ediyor:"}},landpage_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"20M+"}},landpage_content_30:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daha Güçlü Ä°Ålevler"}},landpage_content_31:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃevrimdıÅı ders al"}},landpage_content_32:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UçaÄa mı bineceksin? Ä°nternet verisi tasarrufu mu yapmaya çalıÅıyorsun? Her Åeyi tek tıkla indir!"}},landpage_content_33:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Cihazlar arası kullanım"}},landpage_content_34:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°lerlemeni tabletin, telefonun ve bilgisayarın arasında senkronize et."}},landpage_content_35:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Detaylı gramer notları"}},landpage_content_36:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÄlam içinde öÄren. Artık tahmin etmeye çalıÅmak ve kafa karıÅıklıÄı yok."}},landpage_content_37:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sessiz çalıÅma modu"}},landpage_content_38:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ses açmanın uygun olmadıÄı durumlarda sessiz modda çalıÅabilirsin."}},landpage_content_39:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Quizler ve testler"}},landpage_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mutlu Kullanıcılar"}},landpage_content_40:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kendine meydan oku ve zamanlı quizler ile her Åeyi gözden geçir."}},landpage_content_41:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃalıÅma hatırlatıcıları"}},landpage_content_42:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer'a ne zaman çalıÅmanı hatırlatması gerektiÄini söyle. Bir gün bile aksamayacak!"}},landpage_content_43:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Alternatif sesler"}},landpage_content_44:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tercih ettiÄin ses ile öÄren. (Belirli kurslarla sınırlıdır)"}},landpage_content_45:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bir arkadaÅına meydan oku"}},landpage_content_46:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ArkadaÅlarınla öÄrenmek daha eÄlenceli. Onları LingoDeer'da ekle!"}},landpage_content_47:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"VIP Destek"}},landpage_content_48:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sana yardımcı olmayı sabırsızlıkla bekliyoruz. Sadece bir mesaj uzaÄındayız."}},landpage_content_49:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"UYGULAMAYI Ä°NDÄ°R"}},landpage_content_5:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dünyanın dört bir yanından dil severlerin hızla büyüyen topluluÄu"}},landpage_content_50:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åimdi öÄrenmeye baÅla"}},landpage_content_6:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4.8"}},landpage_content_7:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yıldızlar"}},landpage_content_8:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"300,000'den fazla kullanıcı bizi 5 yıldızla deÄerlendirdi. Ä°nsanlar uygulamanın iÅe yaradıÄını söylüyor!"}},landpage_content_9:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"200+"}},language_courses:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dil Kursları"}},languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diller"}},learn:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dersler"}},learn_a_language_with_LingoDeer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer ile dil öÄren"}},learn_arabic:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arapça ÃÄren"}},learn_arabic_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Arapça ÃÄren"}},learn_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãince ÃÄren"}},learn_chinese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Ãince ÃÄren"}},learn_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizce ÃÄren"}},learn_english_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Ä°ngilizce ÃÄren"}},learn_french:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fransızca ÃÄren"}},learn_french_accelerated:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fransızca öÄren (2.0)"}},learn_french_normal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fransızca ÃÄren (1.0)"}},learn_french_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Fransızca ÃÄren"}},learn_german:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Almanca ÃÄren"}},learn_german_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Almanca ÃÄren"}},learn_greek:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yunanca ÃÄren"}},learn_greek_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Yunanca ÃÄren"}},learn_hindi:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hintçe ÃÄren"}},learn_hindi_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Hintçe ÃÄren"}},learn_indonesian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Endonezce ÃÄren"}},learn_indonesian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Endonezce ÃÄren"}},learn_italian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°talyanca ÃÄren"}},learn_italian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Ä°talyanca ÃÄren"}},learn_japanese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca ÃÄren"}},learn_japanese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Japonca ÃÄren"}},learn_korean:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Korece ÃÄren"}},learn_korean_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Korece ÃÄren"}},learn_malay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Malayca ÃÄren"}},learn_malay_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Malayca ÃÄren"}},learn_polish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lehçe ÃÄren"}},learn_polish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Lehçe ÃÄren"}},learn_portuguese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Portekizce ÃÄren"}},learn_portuguese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Portekizce ÃÄren"}},learn_russian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Rusça ÃÄren"}},learn_russian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Rusça ÃÄren"}},learn_spanish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°spanyolca ÃÄren"}},learn_spanish_latin_america:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°spanyolca ÃÄren (Latin Amerika)"}},learn_spanish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Ä°spanyolca ÃÄren"}},learn_spanish_spain:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°spanyolca ÃÄren (Ä°spanya)"}},learn_thai:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tayca ÃÄren"}},learn_thai_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Tayca ÃÄren"}},learn_turkish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçe ÃÄren"}},learn_turkish_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Türkçe ÃÄren"}},learn_ukrainian:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ukraynaca ÃÄren"}},learn_ukrainian_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Ukraynaca ÃÄren"}},learn_vietnamese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Vietnamca ÃÄren"}},learn_vietnamese_online:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrimiçi Vietnamca ÃÄren"}},learning_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄrenme Zamanı"}},level:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SEVÄ°YE"}},levels:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seviyeler"}},levelup:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãst seviye!"}},lingoDeer_for_android:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Android için LingoDeer"}},lingoDeer_for_business:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°Å için LingoDeer"}},lingoDeer_for_educators:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"EÄitimciler için LingoDeer"}},lingoDeer_for_iOS:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"iOS için LingoDeer"}},lingodeer_learn_languages:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer: Learn Languages"}},log_in_method_email_pwd:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ Yöntemi: E-Posta ve Åifre"}},log_in_method_facebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ Yöntemi: Facebook"}},log_in_method_google:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ Yöntemi: Google"}},medium:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Medium"}},membership:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãyelik"}},more_languages_coming_soon:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãok yakında daha fazla dil seçenekleriyle..."}},next:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sıradaki"}},no_related_equipment_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sanırım mikrofonun baÄlı deÄil."}},oops:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Eyvah!"}},partnership:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ortaklık"}},please_install_the_input_method_of_the_language_first:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen öncelikle dilin giriÅ yöntemini yükle."}},please_open_your_browser_microphone_permissions:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu egzersizi tamamlamak için lütfen tarayıcının mikrofon iznini aç."}},prev:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnceki"}},preview:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãngösterim"}},pricing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fiyatlandırma"}},progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°lerleme"}},reach_intermediate_faster:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Orta Seviyeye Daha Hızlı UlaÅ"}},reading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Okuma"}},review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar"}},right_translations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru cevap:"}},sign_up_so_we_can_be_friends:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ArkadaÅ olabilmemiz için kaydol!"}},sorry_you_have_not_passed_the_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãzgünüm, testi geçemedin."}},speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KonuÅma"}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÅla"}},start_practicing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pratik yapmaya baÅla"}},support:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Destek"}},testout:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Test Et"}},the_lingoDeer_method:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer Metodu"}},there_is_an_exception_in_the_calling_microphone_please_check_your_microphone_device_or_try_using_google_chrome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mikrofona eriÅim saÄlanamadı. Lütfen mikrofonunu baÄla ya da Google Chrome kullanmayı dene."}},this_lesson_is_for_my_friend_only:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu ders yalnızca arkadaÅlarım için."}},this_page_went_out_of_space:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu sayfada yer kalmadı!"}},this_unit_does_not_contain_any_words:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu ünitede yeni kelime bilgisi bulunmamaktadır."}},this_unit_has_no_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu ünitede ders ipucu bulunmamaktadır."}},total_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Toplam Zaman"}},turn_on_microphone_permissions_in_the_upper_right_corner_of_your_browser_s_address_bar:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tarayıcının adres çubuÄundan mikrofon izinlerini aç."}},twitter:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Twitter"}},you_are_right:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harika!"}},you_have_completed_the_reading_exercise_come_and_practice_speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Okuma egzersizini tamamladın. Hadi Åimdi konuÅma egzersizine baÅla!"}},your_browser_does_not_support_recording_please_use_google_chrome:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tarayıcın ses kaydetmeyi desteklemiyor, lütfen Google Chrome kullan."}},slogan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Yeni bir dil 11Yeni bir SEN`}},slogan_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer ile dil öÄren."}},slogan_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hem kolay hem eÄlenceli!"}},learn_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åimdi öÄren"}},description_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Neden LingoDeer?"}},description_text_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni bir dil öÄrenmek zaman alır. Bu zamanı bilinçli bir Åekilde kullan."}},description_text_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gramerin arkasındaki mantıÄı gör, kelime bilgini arttır ve dil becerilerini geliÅtir."}},description_text_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer yardıma hazır!"}},description_item_3_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Etkili ÃÄrenme"}},description_item_3_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zayıf olduÄun konulara yoÄunlaÅ, gramer konularını gözden geçir, öÄrendiÄin her Åeyi flashcard sistemimiz ile kaydet. Hepsi tek bir uygulamada!"}},description_item_5_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°lgi Ãekici Hikayeler"}},description_item_5_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni kelimeler ve ifadeler öÄretirken ilginç kültürel konulara yer veren ilgi çekici yüzlerce hikaye ile konuÅma pratiÄi yap."}}
11,detail_item_2_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"250.000âden fazla kullanıcı tarafından pratik ve indirmeye deÄer bulundu."}},detail_item_3_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Orta seviyeye kadar gramer ve kelime bilgisi ile donatıldı"}},download:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ndir"}},review_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kullanıcılar LingoDeer hakkında ne söylüyor"}},review_user_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Göksu"}},review_user_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ceren"}},review_user_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Emir Ãztürk"}},review_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer sayesinde sonunda Kore alfabesini ve Japoncanın temel ögelerini öÄrendim ve artık yabancı iÅ arkadaÅlarımdan gelen mesajları okuyabiliyorum"}},review_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Film izlerken altyazılara bakma ihtiyacı duymadan neler olup bittiÄini anlayabilmek⦠TeÅekkürler LingoDeer <3"}},review_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãst seviye bir uygulama. Uygun ücretlerle birden fazla dil öÄrenme Åansı⦠Dil kurslarından çok daha hesaplı!"}},product_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer Ailesi"}},product_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer ile Japonca, Korece, Ãince ve daha fazlasını öÄren. Sınıf ortamı dıÅındaki dile odaklan!"}},product_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°stediÄin zaman istediÄin yerde interaktif oyunlarla dil becerilerini geliÅtir."}},product_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãocuklar için Ä°ngilizce. ÃocuÄun eÄlenceli oyunlarla Ä°ngilizce öÄrensin!"}},change_language_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizce konu anlatımıyla öÄrenmek ister misin?"}},change_language_confirm_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçe versiyon çok yakında gelecek..."}},learn_in_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ngilizce konu anlatımıyla öÄren"}},terms_of_service:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hizmet Kullanım Åartları"}},privacy_policy:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizlilik Ä°lkesi"}},dialogue_warm_up:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diyalog ile Isınma"}},dialogue_practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Diyalog ile Pratik"}},complete_the_dialogue:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DiyaloÄu tamamla"}},replay:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar Oynat"}},redo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar Yap"}},change_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifreni deÄiÅtir"}},old_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Eski Åifre"}},new_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni Åifre"}},confirm_new_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni Åifreni doÄrula"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄrula"}},success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BAÅARILI!"}},the_previous_password_is_incorrect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Eski Åifre yanlıÅ"}},two_password_are_inconsistent:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ki Åifre eÅleÅmiyor."}},delete_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesabı Sil"}},delete_account_prompt:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Emin misin? Bu hesap ile iliÅkilendirilmiÅ tüm veriler ve ilerlemeler kalıcı olarak silinecek. Bu iÅlem geri alınamaz. 12EÄer aktif aboneliÄin varsa lütfen hesabını silmeden önce otomatik yenilemeyi iptal et.`}},keep_account:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesap Kalsın"}},use_keyboard:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Klavye kullan."}},use_word_bank:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelime bankasını kullan."}},mf_audio_switch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Voice Pack"}},setting_voice_prompt:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"The default voice pack of your choice: %s. 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vendor: 9,260 bytes, lines 12-35
12,test_check:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KONTROL"}},correct:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"doÄru"}},wrong:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yanlıÅ"}},answered_correctly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"doÄru cevap"}},accuracy:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"baÅarı oranı"}},time_spent:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"harcanan süre"}},what_i_missed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YanlıŠcevaplarımı göster"}},breakdown:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃZET"}},congratulations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tebrikler!"}},new_high_score_achieved:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni rekor!"}},practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pratik"}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BAÅLA"}},finish:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BÄ°TÄ°R"}},retry:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar dene"}},new_review_SRS:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ezberleme"}},new_review_Practice:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hedefli alıÅtırma"}},new_flashcards_card_due:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kart yeniden incelemeye hazır"}},srs:{custom_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãzel Tekrar"}},fading:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Soluk"}},reinforcing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Takviye"}},mastered:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Usta"}},new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni"}},in_progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄrenildi"}},srs_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS Tekrar"}},cards_per_session:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seans baÅına kart sayısı"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Onayla"}},srs_vs:{_custom_reviews:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS ve Ãzel Tekrarlar"}}},mastery:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ustalık"}},review_progress:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar Durumu"}},srs_status_smin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%sdk içinde"}},srs_status_shr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%ssa içinde"}},srs_status_sd:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%sgün içinde"}},srs_status_smo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%say içinde"}},srs_status_syr:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%syıl içinde"}}},no_favorites:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daha burda bir Åey yok."}}},start:{metaInfo:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"LingoDeer: "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dilini akılcı bir Åekilde öÄrenin"}]}},description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Pratik kısa dersler ve anadili "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" olan konuÅmacıların sesleriyle "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" öÄrenin! [App Store'da 4.9 puan aldı]"}]}}},slogan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"userLang"},{t:3,v:" konuÅanlar için tasarlanmıŠkapsamlı bir "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" kursu ile "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dilinde en baÅtan baÅlayarak ustalaÅın"}]}},subtitle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Detaylı dilbilgisi ve telaffuz rehberiyle "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" okumaya, dinlemeye ve konuÅmaya baÅlayın"}]}},start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÅÄ°MDÄ° ÃÄRENMEYE BAÅLAYIN"}},slogan_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Online "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" öÄrenmenin en verimli yolu"}]}},feature_title_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Detaylı "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dilbilgisi ipuçları"}]}},feature_content_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Artık bir Åeyleri tahmin etmeye çalıÅmak ya da anlamsız alıÅtırmalar yapmak yok! LingoDeer, dil becerileriniz konusunda kendinizi özgüvenli hissetmeniz için size pratik "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dilbilgisini adım adım öÄretecek"}]}},feature_title_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anadil seviyesindeki konuÅmacıların ses kayıtları"}},feature_content_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Ana Ders'ten Seyahat KonuÅma Kılavuzu'na kadar, "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" kursunun her bir cümle ve kelimesi anadilini konuÅan seslendirme sanatçıları tarafından seslendirilmiÅtir. Robotik yapay zeka seslerinin öÄreniminizi olumsuz etkilemesine izin vermeyin."}]}},feature_title_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Günde sadece 10 dakikada "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" öÄrenin"}]}},feature_content_3:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" dilini iyi öÄrenmek için tam zamanlı bir öÄrenci olmanıza gerek yok: LingoDeer'ın kısa dersleri ve zaman ayarlı quizleri yolda giderken dil öÄrenmek isteyen insanlar için bile idealdir"}]}},feature_title_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãevrim dıÅı öÄrenme"}},feature_content_4:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Tek bir tıklama ile "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" kursunun tamamını indirebilir ve internet baÄlantısı olmadan istediÄiniz zaman, istediÄiniz yerde dil öÄrenebilirsiniz."}]}},slogan_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"LingoDeer ile "},{t:4,k:"learnLang"},{t:3,v:" öÄrenin"}]}},faq:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SSS"}},faq_question_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer'da kaç dil öÄrenebilirim?"}},faq_answer_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`Ãyelik planlarımızdan herhangi biri size LingoDeer'deki Åu anda dahil olan tüm dil kurslarına tam eriÅim imkanı saÄlayacaktır: 13 14- Arapça 15- Ãince 16- Ä°ngilizce 17- Fransızca (Normal) 18- Fransızca (HızlandırılmıÅ) 19- Almanca 20- Yunanca 21- Hintçe 22- Endonezce 23- Ä°talyanca 24- Japonca 25- Korece 26- Malayca 27- Lehçe 28- Portekizce (Brezilya) 29- Rusça 30- Ä°spanyolca (Ä°spanya) 31- Ä°spanyolca (Latin Amerika) 32- Tayca 33- Türkçe 34- Ukraynaca 35- Vietnamca`}},faq_question_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"LingoDeer ile hangi yeterlilik seviyesine ulaÅabilirim?"}},faq_answer_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Her LingoDeer kursu, A1'den ( yeni baÅlayanlar) B1'e (orta düzey dil yeterliliÄi) ilerlemenize yardımcı olmak için en önemli kelimeleri, cümle kalıplarını ve dilbilgisini kapsayacak Åekilde tasarlanmıÅtır. 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35,time_left:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kalan süre"}},promotion_zone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YükseliÅ bölgesi"}},demotion_zone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DüÅüŠbölgesi"}},total_all_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°statistikler"}}},men_friends:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ArkadaÅlar"}}},user_hide_name:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizli kullanıcı"}},league_top3_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Bu madalya için "},{t:4,k:"league"},{t:3,v:"nin ilk 3'üne gir"}]}},league_count_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"league"},{t:3,v:"nin ilk 3'ne "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" kez girdin. Bravo!"}]}},srs_explain_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:`1. Ustalık 36\\n\\n 37SRS sistemi ile, bilgi kartlarınız üç ustalık seviyesi altında gruplandırılır: 38\\n\\n 39- Soluk: Bu kartlar unutulma riski altında, yakın zamanda bunları tekrar etmeniz gerekiyor. 40\\n\\n 41- Takviye: Bu kartları nispeten iyi hatırlıyorsunuz ama daha fazla tekrarın bir zararı olmaz. 42\\n\\n 43- Usta: Bunları tamamen ezberleyecek kadar tekrar ettiniz. 44\\n\\n 45Ustalık seviyeleri hangi kartları ne sıklıkla size göstereceÄimizi etkiler. 46\\n\\n 47Unutmayın! ustalık seviyeleri sadece SRS Tekrarları ile hesaplanır. Ãzel tekrar ile yapılan kart tekrarları ustalık seviyelerini etkilemez. 48\\n\\n 492. Tekrar Durumu 50\\n\\n 51SRS Tekrarlarını yaptıkça, kartlar birer birer Soluk â Takviyeâ Usta sırası ile yukarıdaki tabloda gösterildiÄi gibi hareket edecektir. 52\\n\\n 53Kartların ustalık seviyeleri zamanla düÅebilir. Uzun süre kalıcı öÄrenme için düzenli olarak SRS Tekrarlarını yapmak önemlidir. 54\\n\\n 55Ãzel Tekrarlar ile belli üniteler, kelimeler veya cümlelere odaklı ekstra pratik yapabilirsiniz. Unutmayın! Ãzel tekrar ile kartları tekrarlamanız SRS takviminizi etkilemez.`}},xp_expert:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"XP Uzmanı"}},top_student:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"En Ä°yi ÃÄrenci"}},steak_hero:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seri Kahramanı"}},get_count_xp_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Bu rozeti kazanmak için "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" XP alın"}]}},lerning_count__knowledge_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Bu rozeti kazanmak için "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" bilgi puanında ustalaÅın"}]}},you_get_count_xp:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" XP kazandın!"}]}},you_get_count_knowledge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" bilgi puanında ustalaÅtın!"}]}},get_count_xp_get_title_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Tebrikler! "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:' XP aldınız ve "'},{t:4,k:"title"},{t:3,v:'" rozetini kazandınız!'}]}},get_count_knowledge_get_title_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Harika! Bilgi puanlarında "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:' ustalaÅtın ve "'},{t:4,k:"title"},{t:3,v:'" rozetini kazandın!'}]}},i_get_n_xp:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" XP kazandım!"}]}},i_get_n_knowledge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Bilgi puanlarında "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" ustalaÅtım!"}]}},you_learing_n_day_get_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Ä°yi gidiyorsun! "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:' günlük bir seriye ulaÅtın ve "'},{t:4,k:"title"},{t:3,v:'" rozetini kazandın!'}]}},I_studied_for_n_days_straight:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" günlük seriye ulaÅtım!"}]}},learing_n_day_get_badge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Bu rozeti kazanmak için "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" günlük seriye ulaÅın"}]}},you_learn_n_day:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" günlülk seriye ulaÅtın!"}]}},following:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Following"}},reset_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifremi unuttum?"}},send_change_password_info_for_email:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen Åifre yenileme linkiniz için e-postanızı kontrol edin."}},public_settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ayarlar"}},share_me_in_setting:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Profilimi sakla"}},hard_exercise:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zor alıÅtırma"}},mistake_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hata düzeltme"}},redo_recording:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kaydı Tekrar Yapın"}},only_for_unit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnite: %s"}},cant_listen_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åu an dinleyemem"}},cant_listen_now_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dinleme egzersizlerini 15 dakikalıÄına atlamak ister misiniz?"}},cant_speak_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åu an konuÅamam"}},cant_speak_now_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"KonuÅma egzersizlerini 15 dakikalıÄına atlamak ister misiniz?"}},start_learning_to_unlock_this_units_vocabulary:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu üniteye baÅlayarak öÄrenirken kelimelerin kilidini aç."}},make_fewer_than_4_mistakes_to_test_out_good_luck:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Testi geçmek için 4âten az hata yapmalısınız. Bol Åans!"}},srs_custom_review_alert:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãzel Tekrarlar, SRS takvimi veya ustalık seviyesini etkilemez."}},srs_timeline_card:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kart"}}
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You're already a Premium member."}},oder_mask_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"If you'd like to upgrade to a different plan, contact us at [email protected]. Remember to include your User ID in the message."}},profile_user_ok:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄrula"}},profile_user_clear:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Durumu temizle"}},srs_main_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aralıklı tekrar sistemi"}},ranking_hideen_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ayarlardan Ranking'i etkinleÅtir ve diÄer öÄrenciler ile rekabet et!"}},plan_ld_monthly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AYLIK"}},plan_ld_quarterly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3 AYLIK"}},plan_ld_yearly:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YILLIK"}},plan_3_year_premium:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3 Yıllık Premium Ãyelik"}},plan_6_year_premium:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6 Yıllık Premium Ãyelik"}},plan_auto_renewal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Auto-renewal"}},plan_one_time_payment:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"One-time payment"}},plan_limited_offer:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SINIRLI FIRSAT"}},try_beta:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},back_to_main:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},beta_browser_version:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},update_highlights:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},check_it_out:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},testing_in_progress:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},beta_notice:{description:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}},sign_out_des:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃıkıŠyapmak istediÄinizden emin misiniz?"}},click_lock_unit_tip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen önceki uniteleri bitirin."}},login_success_tip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar hoÅ geldiniz!"}},sign_email_text:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"e-posta"}},sign_password_text:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifre"}},sign_captcha_text:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Captcha"}},sign_mode_text:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%s ile Devam Edin"}},sign_disclosure_regulations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ yaparak %s ve %a Åartlarımızı kabul etmiÅ olursunuz."}},login_fail_user_not_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Oops, there's no account associated with this email. Please sign up with it first. <3"}},login_fail_wrong_password:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YanlıŠÅifre veya e-posta"}},followers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Takipçiler"}},last_used:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Son kullanılan"}},animation_ip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Animasyon"}},you_need_to_log_in_to_use:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},not_now:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åimdi deÄil"}},no_thanks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hayır, teÅekkürler"}},wait_dont_go:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bekle, Gitme!"}},just_2_minutes_left_are_you_sure_you_want_to_quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sadece 2 dakika kaldı! Bırakmak istediÄine emin misin?"}},keep_learning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄRENMEYE DEVAM EDÄ°N"}},end_session:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BU OTURUMDAN ÃIKIN"}},order_useMember_title:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},order_useMember_info:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},order_useMember_btn_text:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},srs_flashcards:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Bilgi kartları"}},auth:{password_incorrect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hatalı Åifre"}},account_not_found:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesap mevcut deÄil"}},account_unavailable:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesap kullanılamıyor"}},account_temporarily_locked:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu hesap geçici olarak kilitlendi"}},email_login_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"E-posta ile giriÅ baÅarısız oldu"}},email_already_registered:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu e-posta adresiyle kayıtlı bir hesap zaten mevcut"}},email_register_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"E-posta ile kayıt baÅarısız oldu"}},reset_email_send_failed:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifre sıfırlama e-postası gönderilemedi. Lütfen daha sonra tekrar deneyin."}},email_register_success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesap baÅarıyla oluÅturuldu."}},email_register_success_signin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hesap oluÅturuldu. Lütfen giriÅ yapın."}},password_reset_social_account:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},password_reset_social_account_generic:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}},command:{error:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},quit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BIRAK"}}},srs:{continue_reviewing_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Devam edersen daha fazla XP kazanacaksın!"}},continue_reviewing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DEVAM ET"}},practice_listening:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Dinleme"}},practice_speaking:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - KonuÅma"}},practice_comprehensive:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Kapsamlı"}},practice_spelling:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS - Yazım"}}},course:{unavailable:{for_locale:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"local"},{t:3,v:" konuÅanlar için "},{t:4,k:"target"},{t:3,v:" kursu henüz mevcut deÄil"}]}},desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Arayüz dilinizde mevcut olan diÄer kurslara göz atabilirsiniz:"}},action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tüm kurslara göz at"}},guide:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}}},unit:{not_found:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnite bulunamadı"}},action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kursa geri dön"}},desc:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}}},target_not_found:{title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"target"},{t:3,v:" kursu bulunamadı"}]}},desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mevcut kursunuza geri dönebilir veya diÄer mevcut kurslara göz atabilirsiniz:"}}}},understand_your_score:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Puanını anlama"}},score:{perfect:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Mükemmel"}},great:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°yi"}},notbad:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Fena deÄil"}},keep:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Daha iyi olabilir"}}},change_avatar:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Profil fotoÄrafını deÄiÅtir"}},change_avatar_hint:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"JPG veya PNG formatında bir görsel yüklemek için profil fotoÄrafınıza dokunun (en fazla 2 MB)."}},tell_me_why:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"NEDEN?"}},travel_items:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},travel_phrasebook:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seyahat KonuÅma Kılavuzu"}},travel_phrasebook_info:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seyahatiniz için hazırlanın."}},setting:{enableVideos:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ana dili konuÅurlarının videoları"}}},validation:{emailRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen e-posta adresinizi girin."}},invalidEmail:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen geçerli bir e-posta adresi girin."}},passwordRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen Åifrenizi girin."}},passwordMinLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifre en az 6 karakter olmalıdır."}},captchaRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen doÄrulama kodunu girin."}},captchaNotMatch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄrulama kodu hatalı."}},nicknameRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen takma adınızı girin."}},nicknameMinLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Takma ad en az 2 karakter olmalıdır."}},nicknameMaxLength:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Takma ad en fazla 20 karakter olabilir."}},confirmPasswordRequired:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Lütfen Åifrenizi doÄrulayın."}},passwordMismatch:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åifreler eÅleÅmiyor."}}},learning_preferences:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃÄrenme tercihleri"}},script_style_in_exercises:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AlıÅtırmalarda"}},script_style_in_correct_answers:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru cevaplarda"}},course_question_preference_section_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kullanımdaki egzersiz tipini özelleÅtir"}},course_question_preference_audio_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ses"}},course_question_preference_video_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Video"}}
55,course_question_preference_audio_auto_play:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Otomatik oynatma"}},course_question_preference_audio_tap_to_play:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Oynatmak için dokun"}},course_question_preference_translation_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãeviri"}},course_question_preference_visibility_always_visible:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Her zaman göster"}},course_question_preference_visibility_tap_to_reveal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Göstermek için dokun"}},course_question_preference_option_tap_audio_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Desen seçenekleri için ses oynat"}},course_question_preference_original_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hedef Dil"}},course_question_preference_reset_action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tercihleri sıfırla"}},textsize:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yazı boyutu"}},default_font_label:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Varsayılan"}},user:{nickname:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kullanıcı adı"}},status_settings:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Statü Ayarları"}}},course_question_preference_reset_language_action:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Egzersiz tercihlerini sıfırla"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uyarılar"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_confirm_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"language"},{t:3,v:" için egzersiz tercihlerini sıfırlamak istediÄinden emin misin?"}]}},course_question_preference_reset_language_success:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Egzersiz tercihleri baÅarıyla sıfırlandı!"}},course_question_preference_reset_language_error:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sıfırlama baÅarısız oldu. Lütfen daha sonra tekrar deneyin."}},translation_view_literal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birebir çevirisini göster"}},translation_literal:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birebir çeviri"}},translation_free:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anlam"}},avatar_image_size_exceeded:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Görsel boyutu "},{t:4,k:"maxSize"},{t:3,v:" MB'yi aÅmamalıdır"}]}},ja:{alphabet:{synopsis:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GiriÅ"}}}},japanese_alphabet:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca Alfabesi"}},jp_syllable_note_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Notlar"}},jp_syllable_for_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃrneÄin:"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. GojÅ«on Tablosu"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"[[primary|GojÅ«on tablosu]], kanaları seslerine göre düzenleyen bir tablodur. Japoncada temel âkana tablosuâ olarak sıkça kullanılır. Bu tablo 10 satır ve 5 sütundan oluÅur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Tabloda yatay grupların her birine satır denir. Bir satır, o satırdaki ilk kanaya göre adlandırılır. ÃrneÄin ilk satır ãã»ãã»ãã»ãã»ã Åeklindedir. Ä°lk kana ã(a) olduÄu için bu satıra [[primary|ã(a)-satırı]] denir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Dikey grupların her birine ise sütun denir. Bir sütun, en üstteki kanaya göre adlandırılır. ÃrneÄin ilk sütun ã(a) ile baÅladıÄı için [[primary|ã(a)-sütunu]] olarak adlandırılır."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ancak modern Japoncada tablodaki her sütunda yaygın olarak kullanılan bir kana bulunmaz. Sütunların bazılarında, bu sesler günlük Japoncada artık kullanılmadıÄından dolayı boÅluklar bulunmaktadır. Ãnlü harf içermeyen tek kana olan ã(n) ise genellikle sütunlardan ayrı gösterilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_p05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tabloda hiragana ve katakana, romaji ile birlikte gösterilir. Romaji, Japonca sesleri Latin alfabesiyle yazma yöntemidir ve yeni baÅlayanların kana ve kanjilerin okunuÅlarını tanımasına yardımcı olabilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s01_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca, mora-zamanlı bir dildir (mora-timed language). Bu, normalde her kananın bir ritmi temsil ettiÄi ve her ritmin yaklaÅık aynı süreyle telaffuz edildiÄi anlamına gelir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Ãzel Kana Biçimleri"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"GojÅ«on tablosundaki temel kanaların dıÅında, Japoncada kanalara iÅaret eklenerek veya kanalar birleÅtirilerek oluÅturulan bazı özel biçimler de vardır. Bu biçimler telaffuzu ve bazen sesin uzunluÄunu deÄiÅtirir. Bu aÅamada yalnızca isimlerini ve temel kurallarını bilmeniz yeterlidir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_subtitle01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Ãtümlü ve Yarı Ãtümlü Sesler (Dakuon ve Handakuon)"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Japoncada ã(ka)-satırı, ã(sa)-satırı, ã(ta)-satırı ve ã¯(ha)-satırındaki kanaların saÄ Ã¼stüneã[[danger|ã]]ãiÅareti eklendiÄinde dakuon yani ötümlü sesler oluÅur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"ã¯(ha)-satırındaki kanaların saÄ Ã¼stüneã[[danger|ã]]ãiÅareti eklendiÄinde ise handakuon yani yarı ötümlü sesler oluÅur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnsüz sesler Åu Åekilde deÄiÅir:"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_subtitle02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ Moraik Nazal ããã"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Moraik nazal [[primary|ã]], Japoncadaki özel bir sestir. Ritimde tek baÅına tam bir mora(ritim birimi) yani bir vuruÅ kaplar ve romajide genellikle [[primary|n]] olarak yazılır."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã sadece küçük bir ek ses deÄildir. Ritimde tek baÅına bir vuruÅ sayılır."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã«ã»ã kelimesi ã«ã»ã»ã»ã Åeklinde okunur, yani üç vuruÅ vardır."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã sesinin tam telaffuzu, kendisinden sonra gelen sese göre biraz deÄiÅebilir. Ancak Åimdilik onu tek ve net bir vuruÅ olarak söylemeye odaklanın."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_subtitle03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠Uzun Ãnlüler"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun ünlü, bir ünlü sesinin bir vuruÅ daha uzun tutulması anlamına gelir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Yukarıdaki örneklerde [[primary|ã]] ve [[primary|ã¼]], ünlünün uzun olduÄunu gösterir. Ãnceki kanadan gelen ses ile birlikte ünlü harf iki taneymiÅ gibi söylenir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun ünlüler sadece biraz daha uzun söylenen sesler deÄildir. Tam bir ek vuruÅ oluÅtururlar."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_subtitle04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⣠Ãift Ãnsüzler (Sokuon)"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p08:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sokuon, küçük 㣠ile yazılır. Kendi baÅına bir sesi yoktur, ancak telaffuzda bir vuruÅ kaplar ve sonraki ünsüzden önce kısa bir duraklama oluÅturur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romajide bu duraklama genellikle sonraki ünsüzün iki kez yazılmasıyla gösterilir; örneÄin zasshi(zaÅÅi) ve kippu gibi."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_subtitle05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⤠BirleÅik Sesler (YÅon)"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p09:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon, ã(i)-sütunundaki bir kananın saÄ altına küçük ã, ã
veya ã eklenerek oluÅturulan birleÅik seslerdir. Ancak ã(i) kanası için kullanılmaz."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon iki kana ile yazılsa da tek bir vuruÅ olarak telaffuz edilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s02_p11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÅta bu biçimler biraz karmaÅık görünebilir, ancak hepsini bir anda ezberlemeniz gerekmez. Åimdilik sadece isimlerini ve temel iÅlevlerini öÄrenmeniz yeterlidir. Sonraki derslerde bunları tek tek göreceÄiz."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3. Japonca Tonlama"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japoncada pitch accent adı verilen bir tonlama sistemi vardır. Bu, bir kelimenin içinde ses tonunun yükselip alçalabileceÄi anlamına gelir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bazı kelimeler kana ve romaji ile aynı Åekilde yazılır, ancak tonlama biçimine göre anlamları deÄiÅebilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japoncada ki pitch accent, sesin yüksekliÄi ve alçaklıÄı ile ilgilidir; vurgu sistemi deÄildir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu aÅamada her kelimenin tonlama düzenini ezberlemeniz gerekmez."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s03_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åimdilik sadece tonlamanın anlamı etkileyebileceÄini bilin ve ses örneklerini dikkatlice dinleyin."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s04_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"4. Romaji"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s04_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Romaji, Japonca sesleri Latin alfabesi kullanarak yazma yöntemidir. Henüz k
55analara alıÅmamıŠyeni baÅlayanlar için romaji telaffuza yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca bilgisayar veya telefonda Japonca yazarken de kullanıÅlıdır."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s04_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Yaygın olarak kullanılan iki romaji sistemi vardır: [[bold|Hepburn romanization]] ve [[bold|Kunrei-shiki romanization]]. Bu sistemler bazı kanaları farklı Åekilde yazar."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s04_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Hepburn romanization gerçek telaffuza daha yakındır, Kunrei-shiki ise gojÅ«on tablosunun yapısını daha yakından takip eder. [[link|LingoDeerâda varsayılan olarak Hepburn romanization kullanıyoruz.]]"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s04_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca giriÅ yöntemi kullanırken, hem Hepburn hem de Kunrei-shiki yazımları genellikle doÄru kanaya dönüÅtürülebilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"5. Ãnlü ÃtümsüzleÅmesi"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca telaffuzda i ve u ünlüleri bazen çok hafif söylenir, hatta neredeyse kayboluyormuÅ gibi duyulabilir. Buna vowel devoicing denir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bunun yaygın olduÄu iki durum vardır:"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_subtitle01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â âiâ veya âuâ, tonsuz ünsüzlerin arasında olduÄunda"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu durum genellikle i veya u ünlüsü k, s, t, p ya da h gibi tonsuz ünsüzlerin arasında bulunduÄunda ortaya çıkar."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"DoÄal konuÅmada ga[[bold|ku]]sei, ga[[bold|k]]sei gibi; [[bold|su]]ki ise [[bold|s]]ki gibi duyulabilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_subtitle02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ âuâ ünlüsü, tonsuz bir ünsüzden sonra cümlenin sonunda geldiÄinde"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu durum özellikle ã§ã(desu) ve ã¾ã(masu) gibi yapılarda yaygındır. DoÄal konuÅmada bunlar genellikle de[[bold|s]] ve ma[[bold|s]] gibi duyulur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu, özellikle kibar ifadelerde yeni baÅlayanların en kolay fark ettiÄi özelliklerden biridir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s05_p07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnlü ötümsüzleÅmesi konuÅulan Japoncada çok yaygındır. Ancak biri yavaÅ konuÅursa veya bir kelimeyi vurgularsa, ünlü sesi daha belirgin duyulabilir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s06_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6. Yazı Tipi Farklılıkları"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s06_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bazı hiraganalar, kullanılan yazı tipine veya el yazısı stiline göre biraz farklı görünebilir. Yaygın örnekler arasında ã(ki), ã(sa), ã(so) ve ã(ri) bulunur."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_s06_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu farklılıklar normaldir. Sadece bunların aynı kananın farklı yazım biçimleri olduÄunu tanımanız yeterlidir."}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_font_or:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"veya"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_font_standard_form:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%1$s standart biçim"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_font_alternate_form:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"%1$s alternatif biçim"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_table_header_japanese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_table_header_kana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kana"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_table_header_meaning:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Anlam"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_japan:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonya"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_teacher:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"öÄretmen"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_mother:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"anne"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_coffee:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kahve"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_magazine:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"dergi"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_ticket:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"bilet"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_chopsticks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yemek çubukları"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_bridge:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"köprü"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_rain:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yaÄmur"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_candy:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Åeker"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_student:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"öÄrenci"}},jp_syllable_overview_intro_meaning_like:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sevmek"}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun ilk satırını, yani [[primary|ã(a)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır yalnızca ünlülerden oluÅur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japonca telaffuz ederken aÄzınızı ve dudaklarınızı rahat bırakın. Her kana ritimde bir vuruÅtur, bu yüzden sesleri kısa, net ve dengeli söyleyin. Uzun ünlü olarak belirtilmediÄi sürece sesi uzatmamaya çalıÅın."}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ve net âaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [a])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa söylenir. (IPA [i])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [ɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [e])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l01_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [o])"}}
55,jp_syllable_intro_l01_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gösterilen IPA (Uluslararası Fonetik Alfabe) gösteriliyorsa, bu sesin Türkçede yakın bir karÅılıÄı olmadıÄı anlamına gelir. Böyle durumlarda önce ses kaydını dinleyin ve telaffuzu taklit etmeye çalıÅın."}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun ikinci satırını, yani [[primary|ã(ka)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır, ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne k ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japoncadaki k sesi kısa ve hafiftir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(ka)-satırından itibaren birçok kana, âünsüz + ünlüâ birleÅimi olarak düÅünülebilir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âkaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ka])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âkiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa söylenir. (IPA [ki])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âkuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha rahat tutulur. (IPA [kɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âkeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ke])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l02_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âkoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ko])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun üçüncü satırını, yani [[primary|ã(sa)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır çoÄunlukla ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne s ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur, ancak ã(shi) bir istisnadır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ve net âsaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [sa])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âÅiâ sesine benzer, ancak âÅâ Türkçeye kıyasla daha yumuÅaktır.(IPA [Éi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âsuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [sɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âseâ sesine benzer. (IPA [se])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l03_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âsoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [so])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun dördüncü satırını, yani [[primary|ã(ta)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır çoÄunlukla ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne t ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur, ancak ã¡(chi) ve ã¤(tsu) istisnadır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âtaâ sesine benzer, ancak t daha hafif söylenir. (IPA [ta])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âçiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa ve hafiftir. (IPA [tÉi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(IPA [tsɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âteâ sesine benzer. (IPA [te])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l04_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âtoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [to])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun beÅinci satırını, yani [[primary|ãª(na)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır, ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne n ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur. Genellikle öÄrenmesi daha kolay satırlardan biridir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ve net ânaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [na])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âniâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ni])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki ânuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [nɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âneâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ne])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l05_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ânoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [no])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosunun altıncı satırını, yani [[primary|ã¯(ha)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız. Bu satır çoÄunlukla ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne hafif bir h sesi getirilerek oluÅturulur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki hafif ve kısa âhaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ha])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âhiâ sesine benzer, ancak dil damaÄa daha yakın tutulur. (IPA [çi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu sesi Türkçedeki âfâ gibi söylemeyin. Alt dudaÄınızı diÅlerinize deÄdirmeyin; iki dudaÄınızı birbirine yaklaÅtırın ve sıcak bir yemeÄi hafifçe üflüyormuÅ gibi hava verin. (IPA [ɸɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âheâ sesine benzer. (IPA [he])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âhoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ho])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l06_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã¯(ha) ve ã¸(he) parçacık (particle) olarak kullanıldıÄında telaffuzları ve romaji yazımları da deÄiÅir:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosundaki [[primary|ã¾(ma)-satırını]] ve [[primary|ã(ya)-satırını]] çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã¾(ma)-satırı, ã(a)-satırındaki ünlülerin önüne m ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ve net âmaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ma])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âmiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa söylenir. (IPA [mi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âmuâ sesine benzer, ancak u daha az yuvarlanarak, daha düz söylenir.(IPA [mɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âmeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [me])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âmoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [mo])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(ya)-satırı hafif bir y sesiyle baÅlar. Bu y sesi bir yarı ünlüdür (semivowel): kendi baÅına tam bir hece oluÅturmaz, sonraki ünlüye hızlıca kayar. Modern Japoncada ã(ya)-satırında yaygın olarak kullanılan kanalar ã, ã ve ãâdur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âyaâ sesine çok benzer."}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âyuâ sesine benzerdir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l07_example_note08:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âyoâ sesine çok benzer."}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japonca gojÅ«on tablosundaki [[primary|ã(ra)-satırını]], [[primary|ã(wa)-satırını]] ve son nazal ses olan [[primary|ã(n)]] sesini çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(ra)-satırı, ünlülerin önüne r ünsüzü getirilerek oluÅturulur. Bu Japonca ârâ sesi, Türkçedeki râden daha hafif ve kısa duyulur. Dil ucu damaÄa hızlıca dokunur. Bu sese alıÅmak için ses örneklerini dikkatlice dinleyip taklit etmeye çalıÅın."}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(IPA [ɾa])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(IPA [ɾi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(IPA [ɾɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"(IPA [ɾe])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}
55],s:"(IPA [ɾo])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(wa)-satırı, yarı ünlü olan w[βÌ] sesiyle baÅlar. Bu sesin konumu u ünlüsüne yakındır, ancak kendi baÅına tam bir hece oluÅturmaz; sonraki ünlüye hızlıca kayar. Modern Japoncada bu satırda yaygın olarak yalnızca iki kana kullanılır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki hafif âvaâ benzeri bir sese yakındır. (IPA [βÌa])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tam olarak ã(o) ile aynı Åekilde telaffuz edilir. (IPA [o])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_example_note08:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nazal bir sestir. (IPA [É´])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birçok Japonca giriÅ yönteminde ã yazmak için ânnâ girmeniz gerekir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l08_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Modern Japoncada ã(wo) yalnızca bir parçacık olarak kullanılır ve hem telaffuzu hem de romajisi âoâ Åeklindedir. âwoâ yazımı sadece kana sembolünün kendisinden bahsederken kullanılır. Ancak yazı yazarken, ã ile ã(o)âyu ayırt etmek için hâlâ âwoâ yazmanız gerekir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste ã(ka)-satırına dakuten [[primary|ã]] eklenerek oluÅan sesli sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dakuten, bir kananın saÄ Ã¼st köÅesine eklenen küçük iÅarettir. ã(ka)-satırına eklendiÄinde k sesi g sesine dönüÅür:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âgaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ga])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âgiâ sesine benzer. (IPA [gi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âguâ sesine benzer.(IPA [gɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âgeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ge])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âgoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [go])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l09_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bazı konuÅmacıların telaffuzunda, ã-satırındaki sesler kelimenin ortasında veya sonunda geldiÄinde hafif nazal bir özellik taÅıyabilir. Buna nasal g denir. BaÅlangıçta bunu taklit etmeniz gerekmez; önce normal ga, gi, gu, ge, go seslerini çalıÅın."}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste ã(sa)-satırına dakuten [[primary|ã]] eklenerek oluÅan sesli sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(sa)-satırına dakuten eklendiÄinde sesler Åu Åekilde deÄiÅir:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âzaâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa ve yumuÅak söylenir.(IPA [dza])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âciâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa ve hafif söylenir. (IPA [Êi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âzuâ sesine benzer, ancak ünlü kısa söylenir ve dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [dzɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âzeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [dze])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âzoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [dzo])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l10_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Japoncada ã sesi, Hepburn romanization sisteminde genellikle zi deÄil, ji olarak yazılır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste ã(ta)-satırına dakuten [[primary|ã]] eklenerek oluÅan sesli sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã(ta)-satırına dakuten eklendiÄinde sesler Åu Åekilde deÄiÅir:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âdaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [da])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Genellikle ã(ji) ile aynı Åekilde telaffuz edilir. (IPA [Êi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Genellikle ã(zu) ile aynı Åekilde telaffuz edilir. (IPA [dzɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âdeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [de])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âdoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [do])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l11_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnceki derste, dakuten eklendiÄinde ã(shi) ve ã(su) seslerinin ã(ji) ve ã(zu) seslerine dönüÅtüÄü
55nü öÄrenmiÅtik. Bu derste ise ã¡(chi) ve ã¤(tsu) seslerinin 㢠ve 㥠hâline geldiÄini görüyoruz. Bunlar da genellikle ji ve zu olarak telaffuz edilir. Ancak 㢠ve 㥠modern Japoncada nadir kullanılır. Bazen ã¡ã¢ã (büzülmek) ve ã¦ã¤ã¥ã (iÅlem / prosedür) gibi kelimelerde görülürler."}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste ã¯(ha)-satırına dakuten [[primary|ã]] eklenerek oluÅan sesli sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã¯(ha)-satırına dakuten eklendiÄinde sesler b-satırına dönüÅür:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âbaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [ba])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âbiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa söylenir. (IPA [bi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âbuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [bɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âbeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [be])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l12_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âboâ sesine benzer. (IPA [bo])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Bu derste ã¯(ha)-satırına handakuten [[primary|ã]] eklenerek oluÅan yarı sesli sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Handakuten, bir kananın saÄ Ã¼st köÅesine eklenen küçük daire iÅaretidir. ã¯(ha)-satırına eklendiÄinde ses p-satırına dönüÅür:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa ve net âpaâ sesine benzer. (IPA [pa])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âpiâ sesine benzer, ancak daha kısa söylenir. (IPA [pi])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âpuâ sesine benzer, ancak dudaklar daha az yuvarlanır. (IPA [pɯ])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki âpeâ sesine benzer. (IPA [pe])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l13_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Türkçedeki kısa âpoâ sesine benzer. (IPA [po])"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun Ãnlüler"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japoncadaki uzun ünlüleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Uzun ünlü, önceki ünlü sesinin bir vuruÅ daha uzun tutulması anlamına gelir. Bir ünlünün uzun ya da kısa olması, kelimenin anlamını deÄiÅtirebilir. ÃrneÄin:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"usta / koca"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mahkûm"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Standart romajide uzun ünlüler farklı Åekillerde yazılabilir: uzun a, o ve u genellikle Ä, Å ve Å« gibi iÅaretlerle gösterilir; uzun e çoÄunlukla ei, uzun i ise ii Åeklinde yazılır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu kursta, her kana veya ses iÅaretini ayrı göstermek için boÅluklu romaji kullanıyoruz. Bu yöntem ek ritmi daha kolay görmeyi saÄlar: ããããã â o ka a sa n, ã³ã¼ãã¼ â ko o hi i"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_subtitle01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Hiraganada Uzun Ãnlüler"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana ile yazılan kelimelerde uzun ünlüler genellikle ünlüden sonra baÅka bir kana eklenerek yazılır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_subtitle02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â Uzun âaâ genellikle ã ile yazılır"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"anne"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_subtitle03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"â¡ Uzun âiâ ve âeâ genellikle ã ile yazılır"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"mutlu"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hayat"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_subtitle04:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"⢠Uzun âuâ ve âoâ genellikle ã ile yazılır"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"hava"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kanun"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p06:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bazen uzun e, ã(e) ile; uzun o ise ã(o) ile yazılır. Bu durumlar daha az yaygındır, bu yüzden bunları kelime kelime öÄrenmek en iyisidir. ÃrneÄin:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note08:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"abla"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note09:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"büyük"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note10:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"buz"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_subtitle05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"2. Katakanada Uzun Ãnlüler"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_p07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3},{t:9},{t:3}],s:"Katakana ile yazılan kelimelerde uzun ünlüler genellikle uzun ünlü iÅareti [[primary|ã¼]] ile yazılır. ÃrneÄin:"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note11:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kahve"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_example_note12:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"kazak"}},jp_syllable_intro_l14_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ã¼, gojÅ«on tablosundaki bir kana deÄildir. Ãnceki ünlünün bir vuruÅ daha uzun tutulacaÄını gösteren bir iÅarettir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãift Ãnsüzler (Sokuon)"}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japoncadaki çift ünsüzleri çalıÅacaÄız. Bunlar küçük 㣠ile yazılır ve Jap
55oncada sokuon olarak adlandırılır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Küçük ã£, tsu olarak okunmaz. Bunun yerine, sonraki ünsüzden önce bir vuruÅluk kısa bir duraklama oluÅturur."}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Telaffuz etmek için önce küçük ã£âten önceki sesi söyleyin, ardından aÄzınızı sonraki ünsüze hazırlayarak bir vuruÅ bekleyin. Bu kısa duraklamadan sonra sonraki sesi çıkarın."}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"sessizce"}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_katakana_example_note01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"yatak"}},jp_syllable_intro_l15_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. Romajide küçük 㣠genellikle kendisinden sonra gelen ünsüzün iki kez yazılması ile gösterilir.\\n2. Normal boyuttaki 㤠sıradan bir kanadır ve tsu olarak telaffuz edilir. Yalnızca küçük ã£, sonraki ünsüzden önce bir vuruÅluk duraklama oluÅturur.\\n3. Japonca yazarken küçük 㣠yazmak için genellikle ünsüzü iki kez girmeniz gerekir. ÃrneÄin: sso â ã£ã"}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_description:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BirleÅik Sesler (YÅon)"}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_p01:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Japoncada yÅon olarak adlandırılan birleÅik sesleri çalıÅacaÄız."}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_p02:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon, ã(i)-satırındaki bir kanadan sonra küçük ã, ã
veya ã eklenerek oluÅturulur. Ancak ã(i) kanasının kendisi yÅon oluÅturmak için kullanılmaz."}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_p03:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon iki kana ile yazılsa da tek bir vuruÅ olarak telaffuz edilir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_p05:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°lk kanada dakuten veya handakuten eklenirse, yÅon sesi de buna göre deÄiÅir."}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_p07:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"YÅon'dan sonra uzun ünlüler de gelebilir. Uzun ünlünün biçimi kullanılan küçük kanaya baÄlıdır."}},jp_syllable_intro_l16_note01_content:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1. YÅon yazarken genellikle birleÅik romajiyi doÄrudan girebilirsiniz. ÃrneÄin: kya â ãã ve shu â ãã
.\\n2. Küçük kana karakterlerini tek baÅına yazmak için genellikle baÅına l eklenir. ÃrneÄin: lya â ã"}},jp_syllable_intro_test:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_romaji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°fadeleri eÅleÅtirin"}},jp_syllable_question_listen:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DuyduÄunuz kelimeye dokunun"}},jp_syllable_question_audio:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru sesi seçin"}},jp_syllable_question_match_audio:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_spell:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DuyduÄunu yazın"}},jp_syllable_question_match_hiragana:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_match_romaji:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},jp_syllable_question_trace:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Harfi yazın"}},jp_syllable_before_you_start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Temel Kavramlar"}},japanese_writing:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana, Katakana ve Kanji"}},the_japanese_writing_system_consists_of_three_different_systems_hiragana_katakana_and_kanji_for_example_this_simple_japanese_sentence_below_i_buy_a_television_includes_all_of_the_three:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Japonca okuyabilmek için üç tür yazım sistemini öÄrenmemiz gerekir: kanji, hiragana ve katakana. ÃrneÄin, yukarıdaki cümle üç öÄeyi de içerir. \\"Bir televizyon satın alıyorum\\" anlamına gelir.'}},hiragana:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana vs Katakana"}},hiragana_originates_from_the_cursive_script_of_chinese_calligraphy_the_form_of_hiragana_is_round_and_smooth_without_any_sharp_angles_hiragana_is_a_phonetic_lettering_system_it_can_be_used_to_represent_the_pronunciation_of_a_kanji_as_well_as_used_alone_as_a_character_in_writing_when_hiragana_is_used_as_a_character_on_its_own_it_can_be_a_segment_of_a_word_or_a_grammatical_element_in_a_sentence_such_as_a_particle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"46 hiragana-katakana çifti vardır. Bu iki tür karakter birbirinin karÅılıÄıdır. Her çift aynı sesi paylaÅır. Bunları aÅaÄıdaki derslerde okumayı öÄreneceksin.\\nBir hiragana karakteri Japonca kökenli bir kelime yazmak veya kanji telaffuzunu hecelemek için kullanılabilir. Katakana karakterleri genellikle yabancı kelimeleri ve baÅka dilden geçen kelimeleri yazmak için kullanılır."}},kanji:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kanji nedir?"}},there_are_massive_amounts_of_kanji_in_the_japanese_language_that_are_almost_identical_in_appearance_with_chinese_characters_yet_with_completely_different_pronunciations_and_denotations:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kanji karakterleri Ãince\\'den gelir. ÃoÄu kanjinin birden fazla telaffuzu vardır. Bazılarının birden fazla anlamı vardır."}},hiragana_placed_above_a_kanji_is_called_furigana_which_indicates_the_pronunciation_of_the_kanji_as_in_the_examples_below:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Hiragana\\'nın bir kanjinin üstüne veya yanına yerleÅtirilen yazılıÅına Furigana denir.\\nBu kadar önsöz yeterli. Ä°lk hiragana dersimize baÅlayalım!"}},ko_syllable_intro1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_intro2_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_vowels:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_constant:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_constants:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_silent:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson1_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson2_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}
55,ko_syllable_lesson3_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson3_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson4_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_14:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson5_15:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson6_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson7_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson8_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson9_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson10_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson11_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson12_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}
55,ko_syllable_lesson13_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson13_14:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_7:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_8:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_9:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_10:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_11:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_12:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_lesson14_13:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_word_reads_like:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson1_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson2_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_4:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_5:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson3_6:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson4_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson5_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson6_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_1:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_2:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},ko_syllable_sound_change_lesson7_3:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},choose_the_correct_hangul:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},type_what_you_hear:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},choose_the_correct_audio:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},type_the_pronunciation:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},phase_one:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},hangul_letters:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},phase_two:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},sound_change_rules:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},junp_to:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},syllable_review:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},sound_change_rules_locked_message:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},pinyin_what_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÄ°NYÄ°N NEDÄ°R?"}},_s_sound:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},tones:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tonlar"}},what_s_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÄ°NYÄ°N NEDÄ°R?"}},pinyin_is_the_romanization_of_the_chinese_characters_based_on_their_pronunciation_it_uses_25_letters_of_26_letters_of_the_roman_alphabet_although_it_s_the_first_time_you_read_pinyin_you_will_be_able_to_guess_50_of_them_correctly_cause_the_symbols_are_quite_the_same_as_english:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin, Ãince karakterlerin telaffuzları temel alınarak latin harfleriyle yazılıÅıdır. Pinyin yazarken Latin alfabesinin 26 harfinin 25âi kullanılır. Türkçedeki harflere benzerlikler
55i sebebiyle ilk kez pinyin okuyorsanız bile harflerin okunuÅlarının yarısından fazlasını doÄru tahmin edebilirsiniz."}},this_is_pinyin:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu, Pinyin"}},this_is_character:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu, Karakter"}},pinyin_three_parts:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"PÄ°NYÄ°N: Ãà KISIM"}},generally_pinyin_syllable_consists_of_three_parts_initial_final_and_tone_please_tap_to_listen_each_part:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bir Pinyin hecesi genellikle üç kısımdan oluÅur: ön hece, son hece ve ton. Her bir kısmı dinlemek için hafifçe dokunun."}},tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TON"}},_s_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},mostly_a_syllable_starts_with_an_initial_there_are_23_initials_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃoÄunlukla heceler, bir ön hece ile baÅlar. Ãincede 23 ön hece vardır:"}},the_final_follows_the_initial_in_a_syllable_there_are_35_finals_6_are_simple_finals_and_29_are_compound_finals:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Son hece, ön heceden sonra gelir. Ãincede 35 son hece vardır. Bunların 6âsı basit son hece, 29âu bileÅik son hecedir."}},simple_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Basit Son Hece:"}},compound_final:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BileÅik Son Hece:"}},chinese_is_a_tonal_language_the_same_syllable_with_differeent_tone_has_different_meaning_there_are_four_tones_and_a_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãince tonal bir dildir. Aynı hecenin farklı tonlarda telaffuzları farklı anlamlar taÅır. Ãincede dört ton ve bir nötr ton vardır:"}},first:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birinci"}},second:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°kinci"}},third:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãçüncü"}},fourth:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dördüncü"}},neutral:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nötr"}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_5_finals_starting_with_a_nfinals_start_with_a:{t
55:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"a\\" ile baÅlayan 5 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},finals_start_with_a_in_pinyin_has_a_main_sound_a_like_a_in_father_rather_than_a_in_apple_nso_if_you_can_tell_the_difference_between_pinyin_dan_dan_and_english_dan_d_n_you_will_master_all_syllables_with_finals_a:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pinyinde \\"a\\" ile baÅlayan son hecelerin telaffuzu Türkçedeki \\"a\\" harfinin telaffuzu ile aynıdır. Bu yüzden Türkçe bilen biri olarak \\"a\\" son hecesini içeren heceleri öÄrenmeniz kolay olacaktır.'}},in_the_following_games_you_will_practice_8_simple_initials_combined_with_the_finals_start_with_a:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'AÅaÄıdaki oyunda \\"a\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler ile birleÅen 8 basit ön hece üzerine pratik yapabilirsiniz:'}},pinyin_lesson_2_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"o\\" ile baÅlayan 3 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},pinyin_lesson_2_desc_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'AÅaÄıdaki oyunda \\"o\\" ile baÅlayan son hecelerle birleÅen 8 basit ön hece üzerine pratik yapabilirsiniz:'}},pinyin_lesson_2_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pinyinde \\"o\\" son hecesinin telaffuzu Türkçedeki \\"o\\" ya benzer.'}},pinyin_lesson_3_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"e\\" ile baÅlayan 5 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},pinyin_lesson_3_desc_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'AÅaÄıdaki oyunda, \\"e\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler ile birleÅen 3 basit ön hece üzerine pratik yapabilirsiniz:'}},pinyin_lesson_3_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pinyinde \\"e\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler Türkçedeki \\"ı\\" sesine benzer Åekilde telaffuz edilir.'}},pinyin_lesson_4_desc_1:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"i\\" baÅlayan 9 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},pinyin_lesson_4_desc_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'AÅaÄıdaki oyunda \\"i\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler ile birleÅen 4 basit ön hece üzerine pratik yapabilirsiniz:'}},pinyin_lesson_4_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pinyinde \\"i\\" ile baÅlayan son heceleri öÄrenmek Türkçe konuÅanlar için kolay olacaktır; ancak lütfen unutmayın ki \\"g\\", \\"k\\", ve \\"h\\" ön heceleri hiçbir zaman \\"i\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler ile bir araya gelmezler. Bir hece \\"i\\" son hecesiyle baÅladıÄında \\"i\\", \\"y\\" ye dönüÅür. ÃrneÄin; ia=ya, iang=yang and ie=ye.'}},pinyin_lesson_5_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"u\\" ile baÅlayan 9 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},pinyin_lesson_5_desc_2:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'AÅaÄıdaki oyunda \\"u\\" ile baÅlayan son heceler ile birleÅen 8 basit ön hece üzerine pratik yapabilirsiniz:'}},pinyin_lesson_5_tips:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Pinyinde \\"u\\" son hecesi Türkçedeki \\"u\\" ya benzer Åekilde telaffuz edilir. Bir hece \\"u\\" son hecesi ile baÅladıÄında \\"u\\", \\"w\\" ya dönüÅür; ancak okunuÅu deÄiÅmez. ÃrneÄin; uai=wai, uan=wan, uo=wo.'}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_4_finals_starting_with_nfinals_start_with:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Bu derste \\"ü\\" ile baÅlayan 4 son heceyi öÄreneceÄiz:'}},_1_final_u_and_has_completely_different_sound_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'1. \\"u\\" ve \\"ü\\" son heceleri Türkçedeki gibi Ãincede de farklı telaffuz edilir. Ä°ki dildeki \\"ü\\" seslerinin telaffuzları benzerdir.'}},_2_when_finals_are_combined_with_initial_j_q_x_letter_will_be_changed_into_u_but_the_the_sound_stays_the_same_as_finals_for_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'2. \\"ü\\" son hecesi j,q,x ön heceleri ile birleÅtiÄinde \\"ü\\", \\"u\\" ya dönüÅür; ancak okunuÅu deÄiÅmez. ÃrneÄin:'}},_3_when_a_syllable_starts_with_final_y_will_be_placed_at_the_beginning_of_the_syllable_and_will_be_changed_into_u_for_example:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'3. Bir hece \\"ü\\" son hecesiyle baÅladıÄında hecenin baÅına \\"y\\" gelir ve \\"ü\\", \\"u\\" ya dönüÅür. ÃrneÄin:'}},in_this_lesson_we_are_going_to_learn_tones_in_chinese_nthere_are_4_main_tones_and_one_neutral_tone_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu derste Ãincedeki tonları öÄreneceÄiz. Ãincede 4 ana ton ve 1 nötr ton vardır:"}},first_tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Birinci Ton"}},eg:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãrn"}},second_tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°kinci Ton"}},third_tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãçüncü Ton"}},fourth_tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Dördüncü Ton"}},neutral_tone:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Nötr Ton"}},no_mark:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ton iÅareti yok"}},the_tone_mark_will_be_placed_on_the_top_of_main_vowel_of_a_syllable_in_a_compound_finals_a_o_e_i_u_which_means_for_ai_a_is_the_main_vowel_and_the_tone_mark_with_be_placed_on_it:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:'Ton iÅareti bir hecenin ana ünlüsünün üzerine yazılır. (BileÅik bir son hecede ton iÅareti koyma önceliÄi a>o>e>i>u>ü Åeklindedir; yani \\"ai\\" hecesinin ana ünlüsü \\"a\\" dır ve ton iÅareti onun üzerine yazılır.)'}},pinyin_table:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_a_in_father:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_an_in_woman:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ang_in_mango:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_aren_in_arent:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}
55,cn_alp_ay_in_lay:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_b_in_bed:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ch_in_teacher:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_d_dog:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_d_in_dog:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ds_in_kids:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ee_in_tee:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_en_in_english:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_f_in_four:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_g_in_good:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_g_in_merge:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_h_in_hero:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_i_in_pin_plus_ong_in_long:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_icon_in_million:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_inn:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ir_in_girl:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_j_in_jeep:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_k_in_king:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_l_in_lady:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_m_in_money:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_n_in_nest:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oh:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_one:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ong_in_long:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_a_in_father:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_un_in_uncle:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oo_in_book_plus_ung_in_hung:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_oun_in_wound:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ow_in_how:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_p_in_pig:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_q_in_chin:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_r_in_raw:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_r_letter_name:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_s_in_see:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_round_lips_and_add_eh:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_and_add_n:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_and_an_in_woman:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_say_ee_with_rounded_lips_in_german_or_french:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_sh_in_shirt:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_sh_in_shy:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_t_in_top:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ts_in_pants:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ung_in_hung:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_w_in_war:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_wa_in_watch:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_way:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_why:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_y_in_my:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_y_in_yes:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ya_in_hi_ya:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_ye_in_yes:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_you:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_alp_young:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},in_the_following_games_you_will_also_get_a_chance_to_practice_these_initials:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"AÅaÄıdaki oyunda bu ön hece de pratik edeceksiniz."}},pronunce_to_finals_soft_and_short:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Heceyi hafif ve kısa söyle."}},a_how_long_will_you_stay_in_china_nb_mmm_about_two_weeks:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Sesini yüksek ve sabit tut. Yükselmesine ya da alçalmasına izin verme."}},a_how_is_your_trip_to_china_nb_mmm_i_ve_never_been_to_china:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Orta perdeden baÅla ve sesini yükseÄe doÄru çıkar."}},to_express_doubt_or_disbelief_n_mmm_i_don_t_think_so:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Orta perdeden baÅla, en düÅük noktaya in ve sonra tekrar orta perdeye yüksel."}},a_i_ve_won_the_first_prize_nb_mmm_well_done:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yüksek perdeden baÅla ve sesini hızla alçak perdeye indir."}},pay_attention_to_mmm_in_blue_it_helps_you_simulate_tones_in_chinese:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_listen:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_choice:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_question_build:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"DoÄru Pinyin'i seçin"}},cn_pinyin_initial:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"ÃN HECE"}},cn_pinyin_final:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_test:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"TEST"}},cn_pinyin_lesson_unavailable:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},cn_pinyin_lesson_list:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Pinyin AlıÅtırmaları"}},ko_syllable:{sound_change_locked:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},placement_description:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},placement_test:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},handwriting:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yazma AlıÅtırması"}},letters:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}}},sorry_let_s_go_through_the_lessons_and_try_again_later:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãnce Hangul derslerini gözden geçirin, ardından daha sonra tekrar deneyin."}},srs_future_reviews_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS programını yönet"}},srs_future_reviews_feature_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS programınızı yönetmek için zamanı ayarlayın veya öÄeleri gizleyin."}},srs_future_reviews_empty:{t:0,b:{static:"",t:2,i:[]}},srs_future_reviews_mode_time:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Zamana göre"}},srs_future_reviews_mode_unit:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãniteye Göre"}},srs_days_value:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"days"},{t:3,v:" gün"}]}},srs_adjust_next_review:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar süresini ayarla"}}
55,srs_adjust_next_review_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seçilen tekrarlar bu süre içinde görünsün:"}},srs_range_1_7d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1-7g"}},srs_range_7_14d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"7-14g"}},srs_range_14_30d:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"14-30g"}},srs_range_1_3mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"1-3ay"}},srs_range_3_6mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"3-6ay"}},srs_range_6_12mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"6-12ay"}},srs_range_over_12mo:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:">12ay"}},srs_days_chip:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"days"},{t:3,v:" gün"}]}},srs_future_reviews_search_hint:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Aramak için yazın"}},srs_future_reviews_search_empty:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"EÅleÅme bulunamadı"}},srs_future_reviews_tab_hidden:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizli"}},srs_future_reviews_tab_empty:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bu kategoride öÄe yok"}},srs_future_reviews_action_show:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tekrar göster"}},srs_future_reviews_hidden_label:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizli"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_toggle:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"SRS ve Hedefli alıÅtırmadan gizle"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_desc:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizlenen öÄeler SRS ve Hedefli alıÅtırmada görünmez."}},srs_future_reviews_tab_words_expressions:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Kelimeler ve Ä°fadeler"}},srs_future_reviews_action_adjust:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ayarla"}},srs_future_reviews_action_hide:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Gizle"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_confirm_title:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seçili öÄeler gizlensin mi?"}},srs_future_reviews_hide_confirm_message:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3,v:"Seçilen "},{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" öÄe SRS ve Hedefli alıÅtırmada görünmez."}]}},srs_future_reviews_selected_count:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:4,k:"count"},{t:3,v:" seçildi"}]}},srs_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni"}},srs_filter_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tümü"}},srs_filter_new:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Yeni"}},srs_filter_custom_range:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ãzel aralık"}},srs_future_reviews_date_range_start:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BaÅlangıç tarihi"}},srs_future_reviews_date_range_end:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"BitiÅ tarihi"}},offline_select_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Tümünü seç"}},offline_deselect_all:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Seçimi kaldır"}},today:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Bugün"}},cancel:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Ä°ptal"}},confirm:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Onayla"}},characters:{t:0,b:{t:2,i:[{t:3}],s:"Karakterler"}}};export{n as default};
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.