PageSourceSearch

https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-art.html

html all-about-forensic-science.com collected 2026-10-02 07:23:57 UTC 37,700 bytes, 207 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE HTML>
2<html>
3<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Forensic Art Information Guide</title><meta name="description" content="Forensic Art. Learn all about this fascinating branch of forensic science."><meta id="viewport" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1">
4<link href="/sd/support-files/A.style.css.pagespeed.cf.Qy8EuN49xo.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
5<!-- start: tool_blocks.sbi_html_head -->
6<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-art.html"/>
7<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-science.xml">
8<meta property="og:title" content="Forensic Art Information Guide"/>
9<meta property="og:description" content="Forensic Art. Learn all about this fascinating branch of forensic science."/>
10<meta property="og:type" content="article"/>
11<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-art.html"/>
12<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/forensic-facial-reconstruction-free-online-course.jpg"/>
13<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/forensic-art-book.jpg"/>
14<meta property="fb:app_id" content="257552920927036"/>
15<meta property="fb:admins" content="forensicsciences"/>
16<!-- SD -->
17<script>var https_page=0</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 17
17
18<script src="//www.all-about-forensic-science.com/sd/support-files/eucookie.js.pagespeed.jm.2_gP1Fl_oq.js" async defer></script>
18<!-- end: tool_blocks.sbi_html_head -->
19<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452158#end-of-head -->
20<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
vendor: 64 bytes, lines 20-21
20
21<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
21UA-624621-8
vendor: 12 bytes, line 21
21"></script>
22<script>
vendor: 118 bytes, line 22
22window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','
22UA-624621-8
vendor: 3 bytes, line 22
22');
22</script>
22
23<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452158#end-of-head -->
24<script>var FIX=FIX||{};</script>
24
25</head>
26<body class="responsive">
27<div id="PageWrapper" class="modern">
28<div id="HeaderWrapper">
29<div id="Header">
30<div class="Liner">
31<div class="WebsiteName">
32<a href="/">ALL-ABOUT-FORENSIC-SCIENCE.COM</a>
33</div><div class="Tagline"> </div>
34<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452152#top-of-header --><!-- end: shared_blocks.98452152#top-of-header -->
35<!-- start: tool_blocks.navbar.horizontal.left --><div class="ResponsiveNavWrapper">
36<div class="ResponsiveNavButton"><span>Menu</span></div><div class="HorizontalNavBarLeft HorizontalNavBar HorizontalNavBarCSS ResponsiveNav"><ul class="root"><li class="li1"><a href="/">Home</a></li><li class="li1 submenu"><span class="navheader">TOPICS</span><ul><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-accounting.html">Accounting</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-animation.html">Animation</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-anthropology.html">Anthropology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-archaeology.html">Archaeology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-art.html">Art</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic_ballistics.html">Ballistics</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/cold-cases.html">Cold Cases</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/computer-forensics.html">Computer</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/criminalistics.html">Criminalistics</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-dna.html">DNA</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic_engineering.html">Engineering</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-entomology.html">Entomology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/environmental_forensics.html">Environmental</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-expert-witness.html">Expert Testimony</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/famous-forensic-cases.html">Famous Cases</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-linguistics.html">Linguistics</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-nursing.html">Nursing</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-odontology.html">Odontology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-pathology.html">Pathology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic_photography.html">Photography</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-psychology.html">Psychology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-serology.html">Serology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-toxicology.html">Toxicology</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/trace-evidence.html">Trace Evidence</a></li></ul></li><li class="li1 submenu"><span class="navheader">CSI</span><ul><li class="li2"><a href="/crime-scene.html">Basics</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/types-of-crime-scene.html">Types of Crime Scene</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/crime-scene-collection-techniques.html">Collection Techniques</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/crime-scene-documentation.html">Documentation</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/csi-effect.html">The CSI Effect</a></li></ul></li><li class="li1 submenu"><span class="navheader">Expert Q & A</span><ul><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-anthropology-masters.html">Professor Sue Black</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-dna-expert.html">Dr. Dean Hildebrand</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/karen-franklin.html">Dr. Karen Franklin</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-odontology-expert.html">Professor Iain Pretty</a></li></ul></li><li class="li1 submenu"><span class="navheader">History</span><ul><li class="li2"><a href="/history_of_forensic_science.html">Landmarks</a></li><li class="li2 submenu"><span class="navheader">Classic Articles</span><ul><li class="li3"><a href="/forensic_science_history.html">How Science Tracks The Criminal</a></li><li class="li3"><a href="/forensic-toxicology-poison-murders-solved.html">Poison Murders Solved</a></li><li class="li3"><a href="/forensic-ballistics-who-did-the-shooting.html">Who Did The Shooting?</a></li></ul></li><li class="li2 submenu"><span class="navheader">Pioneers</span><ul><li class="li3"><a href="/alphonse-bertillon.html">Alphonse Bertillon</a></li><li class="li3"><a href="/mathieu-orfila.html">Mathieu Orfila</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="li1 submenu"><span class="navheader">Misc</span><ul><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-science-contact.html">Contact Me</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/free-online-murder-mystery-games.html">Free Murder Mystery Games</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/privacy-policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="li2"><a href="/forensic-science-guestbook.html">Sign Guestbook</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div>
37<!-- end: tool_blocks.navbar.horizontal.left -->
38<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452113#bottom-of-header -->
39<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452113#bottom-of-header -->
40</div><!-- end Liner -->
41</div><!-- end Header -->
42</div><!-- end HeaderWrapper -->
43<div id="ContentWrapper">
44<div id="ContentColumn">
45<div class="Liner">
46<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452084#above-h1 -->
47<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452084#above-h1 -->
48<h2 style="text-align: center">Forensic Art</h2>
49<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452164#below-h1 -->
50<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452164#below-h1 -->
51<br><br>
52<p>According to renowned expert in the field&#xa0;<a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0849381185/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0849381185&linkCode=as2&tag=allaboutforen-20&linkId=0a8a29a2504bc3014e571d5a1a229fc1" onclick="return FIX.track(this);" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Karen Taylor</a> "<em>forensic art is any art that aids in the identification, apprehension, or conviction of criminal offenders, or that aids in the location of victims or identification of unknown deceased persons</em>."<br/></p>
53<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452157#below-paragraph-1 -->
54<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452157#below-paragraph-1 -->
55<br><br>
56<h2 style="text-align: center">Want To Study Forensics/CSI?</h2>
57<br><br>
58<center><img src="https://www.all-about-psychology.com/images/psychology-program-finder.jpg" alt="Psychology Programs" name="Psychology Schools Directory" width=32 height=32 border=0 title="Psychology Degree Finder"></img></center>
59<br><br>
60<div class="campusexplorer-widget" data-ce-source="sa-596EC1F7-ForensicScience" data-ce-area_of_study="41826B55" data-ce-concentration="381C5B76"></div>
61<br><br>
62<h2 style="text-align: center">Types of Forensic Art</h2>
63<br><br>
64<p><b>Composite Imagery</b>: Image characteristics of the human face, including images drawn by hand; computer generated imagery and or "identi-KIT" style composites.</p><p><br/></p><p><b>Image Modification/Identification</b>: Process by which photographic images are manipulated and enhanced, e.g., age progression drawings.</p><p><br/></p><p><b>Demonstrative Evidence</b>: Includes visual information used in court.</p><p><br/></p><p><b>Reconstructive/Postmortem Drawings</b>: Relates to artist methods employed to help identify human remains. Typically includes 2D and 3D facial reconstructions, either in the form of a sketch or computer generated image.</p>
65<br><br>
66<p style="text-align: center;"><b>FBI Forensic-Artist</b><br/></p>
67<br>
68<p>Lisa Bailey, a forensic-artist at the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, creates facial approximations of unidentified individuals using models of their skulls and an anthropologist reports.<br/></p>
69<br><br>
70<center><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0bJB4H64Nao?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center>
71<br><br>
72<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Video Transcript</b></p><p><br/></p><p>We need the right person to see this image pretty much at the right time. All we need is that one person to see it.</p><p><br/></p><p>My name is Lisa Bailey. I’m a visual information specialist at the FBI Laboratory. And I work on facial approximations of unidentified remains.</p>
73<br><br>
74<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
75<table class="columns_block grid_block" border="0" style="width: 100%;"><tr><td class="column_0" style="width: 50%;vertical-align:top;">
76<p>When the evidence comes in it first goes to the anthropologist because as an artist I can't do anything until I have the age, sex, stature, and ancestry of the person that I’m going to be depicting.<br/></p>
77</td><td class="column_1" style="width: 50%;vertical-align:top;">
78<div style="float:right;">
79<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
79
80<!-- Forensic Science Website Right -->
81<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9534149507670797" data-ad-slot="1322415698"></ins>
82<script>(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});</script>
82
83</div>
84</td></tr></table>
85</div>
86<br><br>
87<p style="text-align: left;">I read the anthropologist’s report and I sit and I just examine the skull. I’m just looking at it for any other clues, like one cheek might be a little more recessed than the other. I’m just looking and basically seeing what the anthropologist is seeing before I start sculpting.<br/></p><p><br/></p><p>You need to be an artist to be a forensic artist. You have to have technical skills. You have to be able to draw and to sculpt. But you have to know when to pull back and not put too much in that is unknown. For with skulls, there are things we know, things we don't know. So you can't go too far and put in things that are absolutely not known because that will detract form the case.</p><p><br/></p><p>There are some that will just never be identified. That’s one of the things that I’ve had to reconcile with myself in doing this job is that I can do the best I can, there’s only so much I can do. It’s just they’re not all going to be identified. But some of them can.</p><p><br/></p><p>And if somebody’s looking, you know, all they need to do is make that call.</p><p><br/></p><p>Just seeing that one image could be, could be the one thing that makes somebody take a second look. And that’s all we need is for somebody... is to see it and to make the phone call.</p>
88<br><br>
89<h2 style="text-align: center">Free Online Course</h2>
90<br><br>
91<div class="ImageBlock ImageBlockCenter"><img src="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/xforensic-facial-reconstruction-free-online-course.jpg.pagespeed.ic.BzsppHp0fK.webp" width="600" height="282" alt="Free Online Course in Forensic Facial Reconstruction" title="Free Online Course in Forensic Facial Reconstruction" data-pin-media="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/forensic-facial-reconstruction-free-online-course.jpg" style="width: 600px; height: auto"><div class="pinit">
92<a data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-count="beside" data-pin-save="true" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fforensic-art.html&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fimages%2Fforensic-facial-reconstruction-free-online-course.jpg&description=Visit%20--%3E%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fforensic-art.html%20to%20learn%20all%20about%20forensic%20art.%20Includes%20access%20to%20a%20free%20online%20course%20in%20forensic%20facial%20reconstruction!%20%20%23ForensicArt%20%23ForensicScience"></a>
93</div></div>
94<br>
95<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Learn about the forensic technique of facial reconstruction from the experts involved in a real crime case.</em><br/></p>
96<br><br>
97<center><iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FswEhUxwH8E?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></center>
98<br><br>
99<p>On this course, Dr. Katherine Linehan from The University of Sheffield will introduce you to the skills necessary for conducting a facial reconstruction; from interpreting the features of a skull to understanding the anatomy of the face.</p><p><br/></p><p>This course is suitable for anyone interested in how forensic anatomy and facial reconstruction can assist police investigations. No prior qualifications in forensic science or other disciplines are required.</p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;">See following link for full details.</p><p style="text-align: center;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/forensic-facial-reconstruction" onclick="return FIX.track(this);" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Finding Mr. X</a><br/></p>
100<br><br>
101<center>
101<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
101
102<!-- Forensic Science Website Center -->
103<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:728px;height:90px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9534149507670797" data-ad-slot="4275882094"></ins>
104<script>(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});</script>
104</center>
105<br><br>
106<h2 style="text-align: center">Essential Reading</h2>
107<br><br>
108<div class="ImageBlock ImageBlockCenter"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0123708982/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0123708982&linkCode=as2&tag=allaboutforen-20&linkId=97c65e40e2c234d427efa74144abd44d" onclick="return FIX.track(this);" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/xforensic-art-book.jpg.pagespeed.ic.oLt575Hci1.webp" width="435" height="600" alt="Forensic Art" title="Click Here For Full Details." data-pin-media="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/forensic-art-book.jpg" style="width: 435px; height: auto"></a><div class="pinit">
109<a data-pin-do="buttonPin" data-pin-count="beside" data-pin-save="true" href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fforensic-art.html&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fimages%2Fforensic-art-book.jpg&description=Visit%20--%3E%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-forensic-science.com%2Fforensic-art.html%20to%20learn%20all%20about%20forensic%20art.%20%23ForensicArt%20%23ForensicScience"></a>
110</div></div>
111<br><br>
112<p>The demand for forensic-art usage in investigations is rapidly expanding due to media attention. Despite this fact, to date no book thoroughly explains how to sketch a suspect's face from a witness’ memory. This book teaches artists to extract information from a witness or victim about a face they have seen, and produce an image good enough to lead detectives to the criminal being described. After reading this book, anyone with adequate drawing skills will be able to learn the tools necessary to develop his or her skills as a forensic-artist. Instruction focuses on an explanation of techniques for various scenarios and includes the use of case studies of special situations and how they should be handled.&#xa0;</p><p><br/></p><p>Additionally, Forensic-Art Essentials covers skull reconstructions of unidentified murder victims and age progressions to aid in the apprehension of known fugitives. The book also provides step-by-step illustrations of how to reconstruct a face from a skull, and offers solutions to a multitude of common problems that occur in the field. With 500 full-color illustrations, this book is an essential tool for any forensic-artist.</p><p><br/></p><p>See following link for full details.</p><p><br/></p><p><a href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0123708982/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0123708982&linkCode=as2&tag=allaboutforen-20&linkId=97c65e40e2c234d427efa74144abd44d" onclick="return FIX.track(this);" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Forensic-Art Essentials: A Manual for Law Enforcement Artists</a></p>
113<br><br>
114<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
114
115<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9534149507670797" data-ad-slot="8231290897"></ins>
116<script>(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});</script>
116
117<br>
118<!-- start: tool_blocks.whatsnew.eyJ3aWR0aCI6IjEwMCUiLCJibG9nbGV0X2RhdGUiOiIxIiwiYmxvZ2xldF9jb3VudCI6IjMiLCJibG9nbGV0X2Rlc2NyaXB0aW9uIjoiMSIsImhlYWRsaW5lX2xpbmsiOiIxIiwiYmxvZ2xldF9tb3JlIjoiMSIsImhlYWRsaW5lX3RleHQiOiJSZWNlbnQgQXJ0aWNsZXMiLCJibG9nbGV0X21vcmVfdGV4dCI6IlJlYWQgTW9yZSIsInJzc19pY29uIjoiMSJ9 -->
119<div class="WhatsNew" style="width: 100%">
120<h2><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-science-blog.html">Recent Articles</a></h2><div class="WhatsNew-subscribe">
121<img loading="lazy" class="WhatsNew-icon" src="data:image/webp;base64,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" alt="RSS"/>
122<ul>
123<li>
124<a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-science.xml">
125<img loading="lazy" src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRjICAABXRUJQVlA4ICYCAABwCwCdASpbABEAPm0ylEckIyIhKAnIgA2JbACVA1Fnt1uHaswh+iXbX8+B6F94A9AD9gOs9mLwwEyijugxB3hzBspR0qnNbzjfzpKUnniHX4malFWuKDggMmyjq4ErTQ6thRDwAP64TTMTHFvOwsXZZ3b6QdyxqAs8p4J6OypsxKt7OBIKwexfquDwqo4EnR3rr24PBWB0Hu8F9rHk9gMs56rtpgMjF+u0i7/mj+x3V1Cn+czf5Xb3JwZDm4XkgP6QFFW/AL0A/P9vM5X3e7EYdLHPvD5OHWfY8DtCgqFpA4MjItwA/DZpgIZRJkNVqG191vLJ3hjKmJ2Ewa8vDmg7fTGS7Gabs1U4Y/SD789st6b833HiYEcSU6QrDcM4/8l0e5vnZW+epMQ+v0aDtSP8SvZTjQD
125Rw9mrB8Zn6yIU9os7dq5xUlImm15wzPu+7c0XbFo0cMRl3NJwHB7fxBc5UaMQGMAWBgdFA3Mqxtf9Uo74BCuiFUuL+J7tgh4svPJ/JYnjL8fjl8k3hTn2GYRWBcyaOip9/rMDzBv7EZ2aHzjKvkj+tithEZPe0Ku+g2JqCHqYQsq/tlHDhgyYoD8DMj8tipNef8s/N0SDoepJ03rMz2vwBVHhzLbFkwIESYJL2zZ2pn2yWCb/2WpLU5gO+z/AUy/iHwnWveJkZzJ7esi0fkzbJVzfgvdedWDtdonyemz9FaXoH0/HY38YRv2IcAAAAAAA" alt="XML RSS"/>
126</a>
127</li> <li>
128<a href="https://feedly.com/i/subscription/feed/https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-science.xml" target="new" rel="nofollow">
129<img loading="lazy" src="data:image/webp;base64,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" alt="follow us in feedly"/>
130</a>
131</li> <li>
132<a href="https://add.my.yahoo.com/rss?url=https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-science.xml" target="new" rel="nofollow">
133<img loading="lazy" src="data:image/webp;base64,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" alt="Add to My Yahoo!"/>
134</a>
135</li> </ul>
136</div><ol>
137<li>
138<h3><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/">All About Forensic Science</a></h3><p class="WhatsNew-time"><abbr title="2024-11-12T03:05:55-0500">Nov 12, 24 03:05 AM</abbr></p><div class="WhatsNew-content">A forensic science website designed to help anybody looking for detailed information and resources.</div><p class="WhatsNew-more"><a href="/index.html">Read More</a></p></li>
139<li>
140<h3><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/the-role-of-forensic-evidence-in-criminal-defense-cases.html">The Role of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Defense Cases</a></h3><p class="WhatsNew-time"><abbr title="2024-09-05T03:38:42-0400">Sep 05, 24 03:38 AM</abbr></p><div class="blogItThumbnail"><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/the-role-of-forensic-evidence-in-criminal-defense-cases.html"><img class="blogItThumbnail" src="/image-thumbnails/the-role-of-forensic-evidence-in-criminal-defense-cases.png/default.webp" alt="The Role of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Defense Cases" style="width:150px;height:100px" width="150" height="100"></a></div><div class="WhatsNew-content">Article exploring five key roles that forensic evidence plays in criminal defense cases</div><p class="WhatsNew-more"><a href="/the-role-of-forensic-evidence-in-criminal-defense-cases.html">Read More</a></p></li>
141<li>
142<h3><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/the-evolving-role-of-medical-science-in-forensic-investigations.html">The Evolving Role of Medical Science in Forensic Investigations</a></h3><p class="WhatsNew-time"><abbr title="2024-08-06T03:35:29-0400">Aug 06, 24 03:35 AM</abbr></p><div class="blogItThumbnail"><a href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/the-evolving-role-of-medical-science-in-forensic-investigations.html"><img class="blogItThumbnail" src="/image-thumbnails/the-evolving-role-of-medical-science-in-forensic-investigations.jpg/default.webp" alt="The Evolving Role of Medical Science in Forensic Investigations" style="width:150px;height:150px" width="150" height="150"></a></div><div class="WhatsNew-content">Insightful article exploring the critical role of medical science in forensic investigations.</div><p class="WhatsNew-more"><a href="/the-evolving-role-of-medical-science-in-forensic-investigations.html">Read More</a></p></li></ol></div><!-- end: tool_blocks.whatsnew.eyJ3aWR0aCI6IjEwMCUiLCJibG9nbGV0X2RhdGUiOiIxIiwiYmxvZ2xldF9jb3VudCI6IjMiLCJibG9nbGV0X2Rlc2NyaXB0aW9uIjoiMSIsImhlYWRsaW5lX2xpbmsiOiIxIiwiYmxvZ2xldF9tb3JlIjoiMSIsImhlYWRsaW5lX3RleHQiOiJSZWNlbnQgQXJ0aWNsZXMiLCJibG9nbGV0X21vcmVfdGV4dCI6IlJlYWQgTW9yZSIsInJzc19pY29uIjoiMSJ9 -->
143<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452155#above-socialize-it -->
144<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452155#above-socialize-it -->
145<br><br>
146<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452112#socialize-it -->
147<!-- start: tool_blocks.faceit_comment -->
148<div id="COMMENTING" class="fb-comment"><h3><span style="color:red;">New!</span> Comments</h3>Have your say about what you just read! Leave me a comment in the box below.<div class="fb-comments" data-href="http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/forensic-art.html" data-numposts="5" data-width="500"></div></div><!-- end: tool_blocks.faceit_comment -->
149<div class=" socializeIt socializeIt-responsive" style="border-color: #cccccc; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box"><!-- start: tool_blocks.social_sharing -->
150<div class="SocialShare SocialShareRegular"><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u='+ encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) +'&t=' + encodeURIComponent(document.title), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=700,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon facebook"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z" class=""></path></svg><span>Facebook</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Reading%20about%20this:%20'+encodeURIComponent(document.title)+'%20-%20' + encodeURIComponent(document.location.href), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=700,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon twitter"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="twitter-square" role="img" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span>X</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="var script = document.createElement('script');script.setAttribute('type','text/javascript');script.setAttribute('src', 'https://assets.pinterest.com/js/pinmarklet.js');document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script);return false" target="_blank" class="socialIcon pinterest"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="pinterest-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H154.4c9.8-16.4 22.4-40 27.4-59.3 3-11.5 15.3-58.4 15.3-58.4 8 15.3 31.4 28.2 56.3 28.2 74.1 0 127.4-68.1 127.4-152.7 0-81.1-66.2-141.8-151.4-141.8-106 0-162.2 71.1-162.2 148.6 0 36 19.2 80.8 49.8 95.1 4.7 2.2 7.1 1.2 8.2-3.3.8-3.4 5-20.1 6.8-27.8.6-2.5.3-4.6-1.7-7-10.1-12.3-18.3-34.9-18.3-56 0-54.2 41-106.6 110.9-106.6 60.3 0 102.6 41.1 102.6 99.9 0 66.4-33.5 112.4-77.2 112.4-24.1 0-42.1-19.9-36.4-44.4 6.9-29.2 20.3-60.7 20.3-81.8 0-53-75.5-45.7-75.5 25 0 21.7 7.3 36.5 7.3 36.5-31.4 132.8-36.1 134.5-29.6 192.6l2.2.8H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48z" class=""></path></svg><span>Pinterest</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://www.tumblr.com/share/link?url='+ encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) + '&name='+ encodeURIComponent(document.title), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=700,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon tumblr"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="tumblr-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512">
150<path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-82.3 364.2c-8.5 9.1-31.2 19.8-60.9 19.8-75.5 0-91.9-55.5-91.9-87.9v-90h-29.7c-3.4 0-6.2-2.8-6.2-6.2v-42.5c0-4.5 2.8-8.5 7.1-10 38.8-13.7 50.9-47.5 52.7-73.2.5-6.9 4.1-10.2 10-10.2h44.3c3.4 0 6.2 2.8 6.2 6.2v72h51.9c3.4 0 6.2 2.8 6.2 6.2v51.1c0 3.4-2.8 6.2-6.2 6.2h-52.1V321c0 21.4 14.8 33.5 42.5 22.4 3-1.2 5.6-2 8-1.4 2.2.5 3.6 2.1 4.6 4.9l13.8 40.2c1 3.2 2 6.7-.3 9.1z" class=""></path></svg><span>Tumblr</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://reddit.com/submit?url='+ encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) + '&title=' + encodeURIComponent(document.title), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=700,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon reddit"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="reddit-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M283.2 345.5c2.7 2.7 2.7 6.8 0 9.2-24.5 24.5-93.8 24.6-118.4 0-2.7-2.4-2.7-6.5 0-9.2 2.4-2.4 6.5-2.4 8.9 0 18.7 19.2 81 19.6 100.5 0 2.4-2.3 6.6-2.3 9 0zm-91.3-53.8c0-14.9-11.9-26.8-26.5-26.8-14.9 0-26.8 11.9-26.8 26.8 0 14.6 11.9 26.5 26.8 26.5 14.6 0 26.5-11.9 26.5-26.5zm90.7-26.8c-14.6 0-26.5 11.9-26.5 26.8 0 14.6 11.9 26.5 26.5 26.5 14.9 0 26.8-11.9 26.8-26.5 0-14.9-11.9-26.8-26.8-26.8zM448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-99.7 140.6c-10.1 0-19 4.2-25.6 10.7-24.1-16.7-56.5-27.4-92.5-28.6l18.7-84.2 59.5 13.4c0 14.6 11.9 26.5 26.5 26.5 14.9 0 26.8-12.2 26.8-26.8 0-14.6-11.9-26.8-26.8-26.8-10.4 0-19.3 6.2-23.8 14.9l-65.7-14.6c-3.3-.9-6.5 1.5-7.4 4.8l-20.5 92.8c-35.7 1.5-67.8 12.2-91.9 28.9-6.5-6.8-15.8-11-25.9-11-37.5 0-49.8 50.4-15.5 67.5-1.2 5.4-1.8 11-1.8 16.7 0 56.5 63.7 102.3 141.9 102.3 78.5 0 142.2-45.8 142.2-102.3 0-5.7-.6-11.6-2.1-17 33.6-17.2 21.2-67.2-16.1-67.2z" class=""></path></svg><span>Reddit</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text='+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=700,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon whatsapp"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="whatsapp-square" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M224 122.8c-72.7 0-131.8 59.1-131.9 131.8 0 24.9 7 49.2 20.2 70.1l3.1 5-13.3 48.6 49.9-13.1 4.8 2.9c20.2 12 43.4 18.4 67.1 18.4h.1c72.6 0 133.3-59.1 133.3-131.8 0-35.2-15.2-68.3-40.1-93.2-25-25-58-38.7-93.2-38.7zm77.5 188.4c-3.3 9.3-19.1 17.7-26.7 18.8-12.6 1.9-22.4.9-47.5-9.9-39.7-17.2-65.7-57.2-67.7-59.8-2-2.6-16.2-21.5-16.2-41s10.2-29.1 13.9-33.1c3.6-4 7.9-5 10.6-5 2.6 0 5.3 0 7.6.1 2.4.1 5.7-.9 8.9 6.8 3.3 7.9 11.2 27.4 12.2 29.4s1.7 4.3.3 6.9c-7.6 15.2-15.7 14.6-11.6 21.6 15.3 26.3 30.6 35.4 53.9 47.1 4 2 6.3 1.7 8.6-1 2.3-2.6 9.9-11.6 12.5-15.5 2.6-4 5.3-3.3 8.9-2 3.6 1.3 23.1 10.9 27.1 12.9s6.6 3 7.6 4.6c.9 1.9.9 9.9-2.4 19.1zM400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zM223.9 413.2c-26.6 0-52.7-6.7-75.8-19.3L64 416l22.5-82.2c-13.9-24-21.2-51.3-21.2-79.3C65.4 167.1 136.5 96 223.9 96c42.4 0 82.2 16.5 112.2 46.5 29.9 30 47.9 69.8 47.9 112.2 0 87.4-72.7 158.5-160.1 158.5z" class=""></path></svg><span>WhatsApp</span></a><a href="#" rel="noopener noreferrer" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/dialog/send?app_id=257552920927036&link='+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href)+'&redirect_uri='+encodeURIComponent(document.location.href), 'sharer','toolbar=0,status=0,width=850,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes');return false;" target="_blank" class="socialIcon messenger"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-messenger" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512">
150<path fill="currentColor" d="M256.55 8C116.52 8 8 110.34 8 248.57c0 72.3 29.71 134.78 78.07 177.94 8.35 7.51 6.63 11.86 8.05 58.23A19.92 19.92 0 0 0 122 502.31c52.91-23.3 53.59-25.14 62.56-22.7C337.85 521.8 504 423.7 504 248.57 504 110.34 396.59 8 256.55 8zm149.24 185.13l-73 115.57a37.37 37.37 0 0 1-53.91 9.93l-58.08-43.47a15 15 0 0 0-18 0l-78.37 59.44c-10.46 7.93-24.16-4.6-17.11-15.67l73-115.57a37.36 37.36 0 0 1 53.91-9.93l58.06 43.46a15 15 0 0 0 18 0l78.41-59.38c10.44-7.98 24.14 4.54 17.09 15.62z" class=""></path></svg><span>Messenger</span></a></div>
151<!-- end: tool_blocks.social_sharing -->
152<div class="socialize-pay-it-forward-wrapper" style="background:;">
153<details class="socialize-pay-it-forward">
154<summary>Enjoy this page? Please pay it forward. Here's how...</summary>
155<p>Would you prefer to share this page with others by linking to it?</p><ol><li>Click on the HTML link code below.</li><li>Copy and paste it, adding a note of your own, into your blog, a Web page, forums, a blog comment, your Facebook account, or anywhere that someone would find this page valuable.</li></ol>
156<script>var l=window.location.href,d=document;document.write('<form action="#"><div style="text-align:center"><textarea cols="50" rows="2" onclick="this.select();">&lt;a href="'+l+'"&gt;'+d.title+'&lt;/a&gt;</textarea></div></form>');</script>
156
157</details>
158</div>
159</div>
160<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452112#socialize-it -->
161<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452126#below-socialize-it -->
162<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452126#below-socialize-it -->
163<br><br>
164<center>
164<script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
164
165<!-- Forensic Science Website Bottom -->
166<ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-9534149507670797" data-ad-slot="5752615298"></ins>
167<script>(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});</script>
167</center>
168<br><br>
169<center><a href="#top"><FONT color="#C0392B">Back To The Top Of The Page</FONT></a></center>
170<br><br>
171<p style="text-align: center;"><a style="color: rgb(231, 76, 60);text-align: center;" href="https://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/"><u>Go From Forensic Art Back To The Home Page</u></a><br/></p>
172</div><!-- end Liner -->
173</div><!-- end ContentColumn -->
174</div><!-- end ContentWrapper -->
175<div id="FooterWrapper">
176<div id="Footer">
177<div class="Liner">
178<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452115#above-bottom-nav -->
179<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452115#above-bottom-nav -->
180<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452119#bottom-navigation -->
181<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452119#bottom-navigation -->
182<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452111#below-bottom-nav -->
183<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452111#below-bottom-nav -->
184<!-- start: shared_blocks.98452118#footer -->
185<!-- start: tool_blocks.footer -->
186<div class="page_footer_container">
187<div class="page_footer_content">
188<div class="page_footer_liner" style="white-space:pre-line"><div class="page_footer_text">By David Webb BSc (Hons), MSc
189Copyright © 2007-2026 All-About-Forensic-Science.Com</div></div>
190</div></div>
191<!-- end: tool_blocks.footer -->
192<!-- end: shared_blocks.98452118#footer -->
193</div><!-- end Liner -->
194</div><!-- end Footer -->
195</div><!-- end FooterWrapper -->
196</div><!-- end PageWrapper -->
197<script src="/sd/support-files/fix.js.pagespeed.jm.3phKUrh9Pj.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 197
197
198<script>FIX.doEndOfBody();</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 198
198
199<script src="/sd/support-files/design.js.pagespeed.jm.IGpaLo39T1.js"></script>
199
200<!-- start: tool_blocks.sbi_html_body_end -->
201<script>var SS_PARAMS={pinterest_enabled:true,googleplus1_on_page:false,socializeit_onpage:false};</script>
201 <div id="fb-root"></div>
202<script async defer crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v4.0&appId=257552920927036&autoLogAppEvents=1"></script>
202<style>.g-recaptcha{display:inline-block}.recaptcha_wrapper{text-align:center}</style>
203<script>if(typeof recaptcha_callbackings!=="undefined"){SS_PARAMS.recaptcha_callbackings=recaptcha_callbackings||[]};</script>
203<script>(function(d,id){if(d.getElementById(id)){return;}var s=d.createElement('script');s.async=true;s.defer=true;s.src="/ssjs/ldr.js";s.id=id;d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s);})(document,'_ss_ldr_script');</script>
203<!-- end: tool_blocks.sbi_html_body_end -->
204<!-- Generated at 04:28:11 01-Jan-2026 with cuttingedge v132 -->
205<script async src="/ssjs/lazyload.min.js.pagespeed.jm.GZJ6y5Iztl.js"></script>
205
206</body>
207</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.