PageSourceSearch

https://baheyeldin.com/history/articles-on-history-of-muslims-and-arabs-in-iberian-peninsula.html

html baheyeldin.com collected 2026-10-02 03:57:14 UTC 38,178 bytes, 462 lines download raw bytes

1<!DOCTYPE html>
2<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
3  <head>
4    <meta charset="utf-8" />
5<link rel="next" href="/writings/history/list-of-arabic-and-spanish-names-for-iberian-cities-and-places.html" />
6<link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" crossorigin="crossorigin" />
7<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
8<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
9<link rel="canonical" href="https://baheyeldin.com/history/articles-on-history-of-muslims-and-arabs-in-iberian-peninsula.html" />
10<meta name="Generator" content="Backdrop CMS 1 (https://backdropcms.org)" />
11    <title>Articles on the history of Muslims and Arabs in the Iberian Peninsula تاريخ المسلمين و العرب في الأند | The Baheyeldin Dynasty</title>
12    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_9ffP0Ba8Q8kqMtE9_tYG_3Q_LvHWu_I_i4q0Con3T-g.css" media="all" />
13<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_xaJU72jAuGdwaW-AT8DAVp4DqDeKRUXAJArM-ju9zyk.css" media="all" />
14<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_xb2Wiva5FCeLIsXJsboOJPXR2GEGlk4ZKed4u15qBkA.css" media="all" />
15<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_ihPBtwECPKI_9URf6jC57Y5L0b-jmcam2bFOJuHhFYA.css" media="all" />
16<style media="all">#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:#0779bf;}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#fff !important;}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#fff;}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#fff !important;}
17</style>
18<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_J9FJSJLcHNiz0pUsP_akF2tu-QpJ0Ozrdzumox0oYdo.css" media="all" />
19<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_KdLncZZ60zVXTRHdVvCpWhNhgnqjPC4f75swkLplttQ.css" media="print" />
20<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/css/css_TeM6djPEz_0xzL3nrRzHAfO4x5JKhWdXOviOitTNZA4.css" media="screen" />
21    
21<script>window.Backdrop = {settings: {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","drupalCompatibility":true,"ajaxPageState":{"theme":"basis","theme_token":"_oSffguxgEVLfdMNiEf2R7TUSLl73AbV8eLcbt3DwDY","css":{"core\/misc\/normalize.css":1,"core\/modules\/system\/css\/system.css":1,"core\/modules\/system\/css\/system.theme.css":1,"core\/modules\/system\/css\/messages.theme.css":1,"core\/modules\/layout\/css\/grid-flexbox.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/codefilter\/css\/codefilter.css":1,"core\/modules\/comment\/css\/comment.css":1,"core\/modules\/field\/css\/field.css":1,"core\/modules\/search\/search.theme.css":1,"core\/modules\/user\/css\/user.css":1,"core\/modules\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/comment_notify\/css\/comment.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/comment_notify\/css\/comment_notify.css":1,"layouts\/mosconext\/mosconext.css":1,"core\/modules\/book\/css\/book.theme.css":1,"core\/modules\/system\/css\/menu-dropdown.theme.css":1,"core\/modules\/system\/css\/menu-toggle.theme.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/site_map\/css\/site_map.theme.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/tagadelic\/tagadelic.css":1,"modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/css\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"0":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/base.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/layout.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/small-text-components.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/header.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/footer.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/menu-dropdown.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/menu-toggle.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/backdrop-form.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/tabledrag.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/vertical-tabs.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/fieldset.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/dialog.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/progress.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/admin-tabs.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/breadcrumb.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/pager.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/hero.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/cards.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/teasers.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/comment.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/component\/caption.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/skin.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/system.theme.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/menu-dropdown.theme.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/menu-dropdown.theme.breakpoint.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/menu-dropdown.theme.breakpoint-queries.css":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/css\/print.css":1,"core\/misc\/opensans\/opensans.css":1},"js":{"core\/misc\/jquery.1.12.js":1,"core\/misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"core\/misc\/jquery-html-prefilter-3.5.0.js":1,"core\/misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"core\/misc\/backdrop.js":1,"core\/modules\/layout\/js\/grid-fallback.js":1,"core\/misc\/jquery.cookie.js":1,"core\/misc\/form.js":1,"modules\/contrib\/codefilter\/js\/codefilter.js":1,"modules\/contrib\/comment_notify\/js\/comment_notify.js":1,"core\/modules\/system\/js\/menus.js":1,"modules\/contrib\/googleanalytics\/js\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-NQDTZTEMN7":1,"0":1,"core\/themes\/basis\/js\/script.js":1}},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/history\/articles-on-history-of-muslims-and-arabs-in-iberian-peninsula.html":true},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-NQDTZTEMN7"],"trackOutbound":true,"trackMailto":true,"trackDownload":true,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip"},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":0,"popup_clicking_confirmation":false,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experienceBy clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 
21class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003ENo, give me more info\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button\u0022\u003EOK, I agree\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022 \u003ENo, thanks\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experienceBy tapping the Accept button, you agree to us doing so.Array\u003C\/p\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003ENo, give me more info\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button\u0022\u003EOK, I agree\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022 \u003ENo, thanks\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EThank you for accepting cookiesYou can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EMore info\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/miscellany\/privacy-policy.html","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":"100","cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"opt_in","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experienceYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false}}};</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 21
21
22<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js_UgJcLDHUwN6-lLnvyUSCmdciWRgQqFzMIs9u1yT7ZMc.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 22
22
23<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js_dEkojCtFJqCkFhPhxRRxhfr198wbEAzUlmbVfB58UWs.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 23
23
24<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js_nUIshYD97_rCvZhyNxOYP749IYv4P1Dj5O3gqFwoKII.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 24
24
25<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js_5NMDQztRFwe72WB30pM6l5cEyBGqO2zK7oSg2u2W4pk.js"></script>
vendor: 58 bytes, lines 25-26
25
26<script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=
26G-NQDTZTEMN7
vendor: 12 bytes, line 26
26"></script>
27<script>window.google_analytics_uacct = "G-NQDTZTEMN7";window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("config", "G-NQDTZTEMN7", {"anonymize_ip":true});</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 27
27
28<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js__m_E87HVAkZX2YE7oOWSgK-QMfK-PtY209iqcX2wsRE.js"></script>
28
29  </head>
30  <body class="page node-type-page page-node-237">
31    <div class="layout--mosconext layout">
32  <div id="skip-link">
33    <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
34  </div>
35
36      <header class="l-header" role="banner" aria-label="Site header">
37      <div class="l-header-inner container container-fluid">
38        <div class="block block-system-header">
39
40
41  <div class="block-content">
42    
43  <div class="header-identity-wrapper">
44              <div class="header-site-name-wrapper">
45                    <a href="/" title="Home" class="header-site-name-link" rel="home">
46                          <div class="header-logo-wrapper">
47                <img src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/logo.gif" alt="Home" class="header-logo"  width="200" height="100" />
48              </div>
49                                      <strong>The Baheyeldin Dynasty</strong>
50                      </a>
51        </div>
52                    <div class="header-site-slogan">The journey for wisdom starts with knowledge</div>
53        </div>
54
55  </div>
56</div>
57<div class="block block-system-main-menu block-menu" role="navigation">
58
59
60  <div class="block-content">
61    <input id="menu-toggle-state" class="menu-toggle-state element-invisible" type="checkbox" aria-controls="menu-toggle-state" /><label class="menu-toggle-button" for="menu-toggle-state"><span class="menu-toggle-button-icon"></span><span class="menu-toggle-button-text">Menu</span><span class="menu-toggle-assistive-text element-invisible">Toggle menu visibility</span></label><ul class="menu-tree menu" data-menu-style="tree" data-clickdown="" data-collapse="default" data-menu-toggle-id="menu-toggle-state"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-2698"><a href="/" title="">Home</a></li>
62<li class="leaf menu-mlid-65"><a href="/family/the-baheyeldin-dynasty.html">About</a></li>
63<li class="leaf menu-mlid-2697"><a href="/sitemap" title="An overview of the contents available on this site, grouped by categories.">Site Map</a></li>
64<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-67"><a href="/feedback">Contact</a></li>
65</ul>  </div>
66</div>
67      </div>
68    </header>
69  
70  <div class="l-wrapper">
71    <div class="l-wrapper-inner container container-fluid">
72
73      
74      <div class="l-page-title">
75        <a id="main-content"></a>
76                          <h1 class="page-title">Articles on the history of Muslims and Arabs in the Iberian Peninsula تاريخ المسلمين و العرب في الأند</h1>
77                      </div>
78
79      
80      
81              <div class="l-top">
82          <div class="block block-system-breadcrumb">
83
84
85  <div class="block-content">
86    <nav class="breadcrumb" aria-label="Website Orientation"><ol><li><a href="/">Home</a></li></ol></nav>  </div>
87</div>
88        </div>
89      
90      <div class="l-middle row">
91        <main class="l-content col-md-9 col-md-push-3" role="main" aria-label="Main content">
92          <article id="node-237" class="node node-page promoted view-mode-full clearfix">
93
94      
95      <footer>
96            <p class="submitted">By Khalid on 2004/12/12 - 12:52, last updated 2004/12/12 - 13:01</p>
97    </footer>
98  
99  <div class="content clearfix">
100    <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This is a collection of articles on the history of Arabs and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. The current language, customs and culture of today's Spain and Portugal is strongly influenced by eight centuries of Muslim rule (92 A.H/711 C.E. to 897 A.H/1492 C.E).These articles explore some aspects of this history and culture.</p>
101</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-1 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Contents:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/history">History</a></div></div></div>  <nav id="book-navigation-237" class="book-navigation">
102    <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-813"><a href="/writings/history/list-of-arabic-and-spanish-names-for-iberian-cities-and-places.html">
102List of Arabic and Spanish names for Iberian cities and places أسماء المدن و الأماكن في الأندلس</a></li>
103<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-812"><a href="/history/portuguese-and-spanish-names-and-their-arabic-equivalents.html">List of Portuguese and Spanish names and their Arabic equivalents أسماء الأشخاص في الأندلس</a></li>
104</ul>          <h2 class="element-invisible">Book Navigation</h2>
105      <ul class="book-pager">
106                          <li class="next">
107          <a href="/writings/history/list-of-arabic-and-spanish-names-for-iberian-cities-and-places.html" rel="next" title="Go to next page">List of Arabic and Spanish names for Iberian cities and places أسماء المدن و الأماكن في الأندلس <b>›</b></a>
108        </li>
109          </ul>
110      </nav>
111  </div>
112
113  <ul class="links inline"><li class="comment-add odd first last"><a href="/comment/reply/237#comment-form" title="Share your thoughts and opinions related to this posting.">Add comment</a></li></ul>
114  
115</article>
116        </main>
117        <div class="l-sidebar l-sidebar-first col-md-3 col-md-pull-9">
118          <div class="block block-block-21">
119
120  <h2 class="block-title">Current</h2>
121
122  <div class="block-content">
123    <h3>Talks</h3>
124<ul>
125<li><a href="/writings/presentations-and-talks.html">Presentations and Talks</a>
126</li></ul>
127<!--
128<h3><p>Pandemic</h3>
129<ul>
130<li><a href="/tags/covid-19">COVID-19</a></li>
131<li><a href="/tags/coronavirus">Coronavirus</a></li>
132</ul>
133<h3>OnStep</h3>
134<p><a href="https://groups.io/g/onstep/wiki/home">OnStep</a> is a full featured telescope controller. I created a <a href="https://groups.io/g/onstep/wiki/STM32F103-Blue-Pill">low cost controller based on the STM32 Blue Pill</a>.<br />
135More info here:</p>
136<ul>
137<li><a href="/astronomy/onstep-telescope-controller-stm32-pcb-kits.html">STM32 PCB and SHC Kits</a></li>
138<li><a href="/astronomy/onstep-esp32-smart-hand-controller-shc.html">ESP32 SHC</a></li>
139</ul>
140<p>-->
141  </div>
142</div>
143<div class="block block-search-form" role="search">
144
145  <h2 class="block-title">Search</h2>
146
147  <div class="block-content">
148    <form class="search-block-form search-box" action="/history/articles-on-history-of-muslims-and-arabs-in-iberian-peninsula.html" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-type-search form-item-search-block-form">
149  <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-search-block-form--2">Search </label>
150 <input title="Enter the keywords you wish to search for." type="search" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-search" />
151</div>
152<input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-2iSrVujQ0lYFFuti3-9jjSBNTuG75RY-MSbjgPq8knw" />
153<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" />
154<div class="form-actions" id="edit-actions"><input class="button-primary form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Search" /></div></div></form>  </div>
155</div>
156<div class="block block-site-map-site-map">
157
158  <h2 class="block-title">Site map</h2>
159
160  <div class="block-content">
161    <div class="site-map">
162  
163  
164  <div class="site-map-box-terms site-map-box-terms-vocabulary_1 site-map-box"><h2 class="title">Contents</h2><div class="content">
165<ul>
166<li><a href="/family" title="On the Baheyeldin Family, members, background, history, and more">Family</a>
167<ul>
168<li><a href="/khalid" title="On Khalid Baheyeldin">Khalid</a></li>
169<li><a href="/ancestry" title="History and Ancestry of the Baheyeldin family">Ancestry</a></li>
170<li><a href="/extended" title="On the some members of our extended family ">Extended</a></li>
171</ul>
172</li>
173<li><a href="/friends" title="">Friends</a></li>
174<li><a href="/nokat-%D9%86%D9%83%D8%AA" title="">Nokat نكت</a></li>
175<li>Writings
176<ul>
177<li><a href="/contents/writings/cooking" title="">Cooking</a></li>
178<li><a href="/culture" title="Various writings on culture">Culture</a></li>
179<li><a href="/science" title="Various articles on science">Science</a></li>
180<li><a href="/history" title="Various writings on historical topics">History</a></li>
181<li><a href="/linguistics" title="Various articles on language topics">Linguistics</a></li>
182<li><a href="/media" title="Media coverage of current events, foreign policy, war, as well as questioning media bias">Media</a></li>
183<li><a href="/literature" title="Various articles on literature">Literature</a></li>
184<li><a href="/politics" title="Some political articles">Politics</a></li>
185<li><a href="/humor" title="Funny topics, jokes, and more">Humor</a></li>
186<li><a href="/terrorism" title="Discussions, news, analysis and thoughts on terrorism.">Terrorism</a></li>
187<li><a href="/contents/family/khalid/business" title="">Business</a></li>
188<li><a href="/philosophy" title="Various articles on philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
189<li><a href="/religion" title="Various writings on various religions">Religion</a></li>
190<li><a href="/kid-stuff" title="Resources for Children ">Children</a></li>
191</ul>
192</li>
193<li><a href="/technology" title="Various topics on technology, mainly computers, software, open source, and the like.">Technology</a>
194<ul>
195<li><a href="/linux" title="Articles on Linux, the open source operating system">Linux</a></li>
196<li><a href="/arabization" title="Resources and articles on Arabization of computer softw
196are and the internet">Arabization</a></li>
197<li><a href="/drupal" title="An Open Source Content Management System (CMS)">Drupal</a>
198<ul>
199<li><a href="/contents/technology/drupal/association" title="">Association</a></li>
200</ul>
201</li>
202<li><a href="/software" title="Articles on the software industry, offshore outsourcing, open source, ...etc.">Software</a></li>
203<li><a href="/internet" title="Interesting developments in Internet technologies.">Internet</a></li>
204<li><a href="/technology-in-society" title="How Technology is used in society and how it affects it">Technology in Society</a></li>
205<li><a href="/digital-archeology" title="Exploring longevity of digital data, and formats, and how future generations would perceive us">Digital Archeology</a></li>
206<li><a href="/ncr-history" title="History of NCR (previously National Cash Register) and the computers they made">NCR History</a></li>
207<li><a href="/mid-east-net" title="Some comparative and historical Middle East internet statistics">MidEast Internet</a></li>
208<li><a href="/programming" title="Articles on Programming">Programming</a></li>
209<li><a href="/saudi-isps" title="A study on the internet in Saudi Arabia, and the ISPs providing service there with lots of technical detail and information">Saudi ISPs</a></li>
210<li><a href="/technology/miscellany" title="Various articles on technology that does not fit elsewhere">Miscellaneous</a></li>
211</ul>
212</li>
213<li><a href="/places" title="Places that I have lived in, or travelled too">Places</a>
214<ul>
215<li><a href="/canada" title="Life in Canada, weather, humor, and more">Canada</a>
216<ul>
217<li><a href="/canada/weather" title="The turbulent and extreme weather in Canada">Weather</a></li>
218</ul>
219</li>
220<li><a href="/egypt" title="Egypt is where I was born and grew up">Egypt</a>
221<ul>
222<li><a href="/egypt/cuisine" title="Egyptian cuisine, food and recipes.">Cuisine</a></li>
223<li><a href="/alexandria" title="Alexandria, Egypt">Alexandria</a></li>
224<li><a href="/egc" title="English Girls College in Alexandria, Egypt">E.G.C.</a></li>
225</ul>
226</li>
227<li><a href="/usa" title="">USA</a></li>
228<li><a href="/saudi-arabia" title="Saudi Arabia is where I lived and worked for over a decade">Saudi Arabia</a></li>
229</ul>
230</li>
231<li>Interests
232<ul>
233<li><a href="/contents/astronomy" title="">Astronomy</a></li>
234<li><a href="/fishing" title="Fishing is a hobby that I do on and off">Fishing</a></li>
235<li><a href="/photography" title="Photography, both film and digital">Photography</a></li>
236<li><a href="/snorkeling" title="
237Snorkeling in the Red Sea">Snorkeling</a></li>
238<li><a href="/nature" title="Birds, wildlife, ...etc.">Nature</a></li>
239<li><a href="/photomicroscopy" title="An whole invisible world is unraveled when one peeks through a microscope. Taking pictures of what you see is more fun as well.">Photomicroscopy</a></li>
240</ul>
241</li>
242<li><a href="/miscellany" title="Uncategorized pages">Miscellany</a></li>
243</ul>
244</div></div>
245  </div>
246  </div>
247</div>
248<div class="block block-book-navigation" role="navigation">
249
250  <h2 class="block-title">In Depth</h2>
251
252  <div class="block-content">
253    <ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-741"><a href="/history/al-hakim-bi-amr-allah-fatimid-caliph-of-egypt.html">al-Hakim bi Amr Allah: Fatimid Caliph of Egypt الحاكم بأمر الله</a></li>
254</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-846"><a href="/egypt/alexandria-egypt.html">Alexandria, Egypt</a></li>
255</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-801"><a href="/arabization/introduction-to-arabic-on-the-internet.html">Arabic on the Internet</a></li>
256</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last expanded has-children active-trail menu-mlid-811"><a href="/history/articles-on-history-of-muslims-and-arabs-in-iberian-peninsula.html" class="active-trail active" aria-current="page">Articles on the history of Muslims and Arabs in the Iberian Peninsula تاريخ المسلمين و العرب في الأند</a><ul><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-813"><a href="/writings/history/list-of-arabic-and-spanish-names-for-iberian-cities-and-places.html">
256List of Arabic and Spanish names for Iberian cities and places أسماء المدن و الأماكن في الأندلس</a></li>
257<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-812"><a href="/history/portuguese-and-spanish-names-and-their-arabic-equivalents.html">List of Portuguese and Spanish names and their Arabic equivalents أسماء الأشخاص في الأندلس</a></li>
258</ul></li>
259</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-2754"><a href="/astronomy/diy-goto-telescope-controller-autoguiding-and-periodic-error-correction.html">DIY GOTO Telescope Controller With Autoguiding and Periodic Error Correction</a></li>
260</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-763"><a href="/places/egypt/e-g-c/e-g-c-english-girls-college-in-alexandria-egypt.html">E.G.C. English Girls College in Alexandria, Egypt</a></li>
261</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-831"><a href="/egypt/cuisine/introduction.html">Egyptian Cuisine, Food and Recipes مأكولات مصرية</a></li>
262</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-814"><a href="/history/george-saliba-1.html">George Saliba: Seeking the Origins of Modern Science?</a></li>
263</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-630"><a href="/technology/technology-in-society/internet-scams-and-fraud.html">Internet Scams and  Fraud</a></li>
264</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-625"><a href="/writings/terrorism/mistaken-for-an-arab-or-muslim-absurdities-of-being-a-victim-in-the-war-on-terror.html">Mistaken for an Arab or Muslim: Absurdities of being a victim in the War on Terror</a></li>
265</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-709"><a href="/technology-in-society/mistaken-identity-how-some-people-confuse-my-site-for-others.html">Mistaken Identity: How some people confuse my site for others</a></li>
266</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-750"><a href="/politics/one-peoples-terrorist-is-another-peoples-freedom-fighter.html">One People&#039;s Terrorist Is Another People&#039;s Freedom Fighter</a></li>
267</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-746"><a href="/internet/overview-of-googles-technologies.html">Overview of Google&#039;s Technologies</a></li>
268</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-776"><a href="/photomicroscopy/introduction.html">Photomicroscopy</a></li>
269</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-817"><a href="/science/pseudo-science.html">Pseudoscience: Lots of it around ...</a></li>
270</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-701"><a href="/technology/drupal/resources-for-using-google-adsense-with-drupal.html">Resources for using Google Adsense with Drupal</a></li>
271</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-757"><a href="/canada/rockwood-conservation-area-southern-ontario.html">Rockwood Conservation Area, Southern Ontario</a></li>
272</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-791"><a href="/literature/symbolic-novels-and-movies.html">Selected Symbolic Novels And Movies</a></li>
273</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-781"><a href="/red-sea/snorkeling-the-red-sea-near-jeddah.html">Snorkeling the Red Sea near Jeddah</a></li>
274</ul><ul class="menu"><li class="first last collapsed menu-mlid-2323"><a href="/places/egypt/updates-and-thoughts-egyptian-revolution-2011.html">Updates and Thoughts on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011</a></li>
275</ul>  </div>
276</div>
277        </div>
278      </div><!-- /.l-middle -->
279
280              <div class="l-thirds row">
281          <div class="l-thirds-region col-md-4">
282            <div class="block block-views-recent-content-block">
283
284  <h2 class="block-title">Recent Content</h2>
285
286  <div class="block-content">
287    <div class="view view-recent-content view-id-recent_content view-display-id-block view-dom-id-5eb6c0b5dfa502fe3e8ee38be97a4800">
288            <div class="view-header">
289      <p>Most recent articles on the site.</p>
290    </div>
291  
292  
293  
294      <div class="view-content">
295      <div class="item-list">    <ul>          <li class="views-row views-row-1 odd first">  
296  <div class="views-field views-field-title">
296        <span class="field-content"><a href="/linux/switching-linux-drive-from-legacy-bios-to-uefi.html">Switching A Linux Drive From Legacy BIOS to UEFI</a></span>  </div></li>
297          <li class="views-row views-row-2 even">  
298  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/linux/how-to-adjust-mtu-for-wireguard-vpn.html">How to adjust the MTU for Wireguard VPN </a></span>  </div></li>
299          <li class="views-row views-row-3 odd">  
300  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/linux/what-to-do-when-linux-boots-grub-prompt.html">What To Do When Linux Boots To A Grub Prompt?</a></span>  </div></li>
301          <li class="views-row views-row-4 even">  
302  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/writings/presentations-and-talks.html">Presentations and Talks</a></span>  </div></li>
303          <li class="views-row views-row-5 odd last">  
304  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/linux/how-needrestart-ubuntu-helps-security.html">How Needrestart on Ubuntu Helps With Security </a></span>  </div></li>
305      </ul></div>    </div>
306  
307  
308  
309      
310<div class="more-link">
311  <a href="/recent-content">
312    more  </a>
313</div>
314  
315  
316  
317</div>  </div>
318</div>
319          </div>
320          <div class="l-thirds-region col-md-4">
321            <div class="block block-views-most-commented-block">
322
323  <h2 class="block-title">Most Comments</h2>
324
325  <div class="block-content">
326    <div class="view view-most-commented view-id-most_commented view-display-id-block view-dom-id-878762d76731542449edfc14e023e06b">
327            <div class="view-header">
328      <p>Most commented on articles ...</p>
329    </div>
330  
331  
332  
333      <div class="view-content">
334      <div class="item-list">    <ul>          <li class="views-row views-row-1 odd first">  
335  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/technology/technology-in-society/another-scam-via-craigslist.html">Another scam via Craigslist: offering more than asking price</a></span>  </div></li>
336          <li class="views-row views-row-2 even">  
337  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/places/egypt/warning-female-tourists-thinking-marrying-egyptians.html">Warning to female tourists thinking of marrying Egyptians</a></span>  </div></li>
338          <li class="views-row views-row-3 odd">  
339  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/technology/technology-in-society/craigslist-classified-for-used-car-cheque-fraud-scam.html">Craigslist classified for used car: Cheque fraud scam</a></span>  </div></li>
340          <li class="views-row views-row-4 even">  
341  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/technology/technology-in-society/winning-the-lottery-scam-email-world-cup-sout-african-lottery.html">Winning the lottery scam email: World Cup South African lottery</a></span>  </div></li>
342          <li class="views-row views-row-5 odd last">  
343  <div class="views-field views-field-title">        <span class="field-content"><a href="/technology/technology-in-society/email-scam-bmw-5-series-car-and-lottery-winning.html">Email Scam: BMW 5 Series car and lottery winning</a></span>  </div></li>
344      </ul></div>    </div>
345  
346  
347  
348      
349<div class="more-link">
350  <a href="/most-commented">
351    more  </a>
352</div>
353  
354  
355  
356</div>  </div>
357</div>
358          </div>
359          <div class="l-thirds-region col-md-4">
360            <div class="block block-block-14">
361
362  <h2 class="block-title">About Khalid</h2>
363
364  <div class="block-content">
365    <p>Various little bits of information ...</p>
366<ul>
367<li><a href="/family/khalid/khalid-m-baheyeldin.html">Khalid Baheyeldin: brief biography</a></li>
368<li><a href="/writings/presentations-and-talks.html">Presentations and Talks</a></li>
369<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-W6zYDDTCNvage5A-ORNFA">Youtube Videos</a></li>
370<li><a href="https://github.com/kbahey/">GitHub Projects</a></li>
371<li><a href="http://drupal.org/user/4063">Drupal.org Profile</a></li>
372<li><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/11381732@N08/albums/72157683118306836">Astrophotography @ Flickr</a></li>
373</ul>
374  </div>
375</div>
376          </div>
377        </div><!-- /.l-thirds -->
378      
379              <div class="l-quarters row">
380          <div class="l-quarters-region col-md-3">
381            <div class="block block-block-20">
382
383  <h2 class="block-title">Sponsored Links</h2>
384
385  <div class="block-content">
386    <p><a href="/feedback">Your Link Ad Here</a></p>
387<!-- 
388<a href="http://www.treasurebox.co.nz/furniture/living-room-furniture/sofa-beds.html"><p>Sofa Bed NZ</a><br />
389-->
390  </div>
391</div>
392          </div>
393          <div class="l-quarters-region col-md-3">
394            <div class="block block-tagadelic-vocabulary-3">
395
396  <h2 class="block-title">Tags</h2>
397
398  <div class="block-content">
399    <a href="/tags/419" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">419</a> 
400<a href="/tags/android" class="tagadelic level6" rel="tag" title="">Android</a> 
401<a href="/tags/app" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">App</a> 
402<a href="/tags/arabic" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">Arabic</a> 
403<a href="/tags/backup" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">backup</a> 
404<a href="/tags/balkanization" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Balkanization</a> 
405<a href="/tags/comet" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Comet</a> 
406<a href="/tags/conspiracy" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Conspiracy</a> 
407<a href="/tags/coronavirus" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">Coronavirus</a> 
408<a href="/tags/covid-19" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">COVID-19</a> 
409<a href="/tags/cpu" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">CPU</a> 
410<a href="/tags/diy" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">DIY</a> 
411<a href="/tags/ericsson" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">Ericsson</a> 
412<a href="/tags/firefox" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Firefox</a> 
413<a href="/tags/gsm" class="tagadelic level2" rel="tag" title="">GSM</a> 
414<a href="/tags/home-assistant" class="tagadelic level2" rel="tag" title="">Home Assistant</a> 
415<a href="/tags/kubuntu" class="tagadelic level2" rel="tag" title="">Kubuntu</a> 
416<a href="/tags/laptop" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Laptop</a> 
417<a href="/tags/mobile" class="tagadelic level6" rel="tag" title="">Mobile</a> 
418<a href="/tags/onstep" class="tagadelic level4" rel="tag" title="">OnStep</a> 
419<a href="/tags/openwrt" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">OpenWRT</a> 
420<a href="/tags/python" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Python</a> 
421<a href="/tags/rogers" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">Rogers</a> 
422<a href="/tags/router" class="tagadelic level3" rel="tag" title="">Router</a> 
423<a href="/tags/scam" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Scam</a> 
424<a href="/tags/sony" class="tagadelic level4" rel="tag" title="">Sony</a> 
425<a href="/tags/spectrum" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Spectrum</a> 
426<a href="/tags/tablet" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">tablet</a> 
427<a href="/tags/telescope" class="tagadelic level1" rel="tag" title="">Telescope</a> 
428<a href="/tags/ubuntu" class="tagadelic level6" rel="tag" title="">Ubuntu</a> 
429<div class="more-link"><a href="/tagadelic/chunk/vocabulary_3" title="more tags">More</a></div>  </div>
430</div>
431          </div>
432          <div class="l-quarters-region col-md-3">
433                      </div>
434          <div class="l-quarters-region col-md-3">
435                      </div>
436        </div><!-- /.l-quarters -->
437      
438      
439    </div><!-- /.l-wrapper-inner -->
440  </div><!-- /.l-wrapper -->
441
442      <footer class="l-footer">
443      <div class="l-footer-inner container container-fluid">
444        <div class="block block-block-19">
445
446
447  <div class="block-content">
448    <p>© Copyright 1999-2026 <a href="/">The Baheyeldin Dynasty</a>. All rights reserved.<br />
449You can use our content under the <a href="/miscellany/terms-of-use
449-and-license-for-this-web-site-contents.html">Terms of Use</a>.<br />
450Please read our <a href="/miscellany/privacy-policy.html">privacy policy</a> before you post any information on this site.<br />
451All posted articles and comments are copyright by their owner, and reflect their own views and opinions, which may not necessarily be consistent with the views and opinions of the owners of <a href="/">The Baheyeldin Dynasty</a>.</p>
452<p>Web site developed by <a href="https://2bits.com">2bits.com Inc.</a></p>
453  </div>
454</div>
455      </div>
456    </footer>
457  </div><!-- /.layout--mosconext -->
458        
458<script>function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {}</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 458
458
459<script>var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = "";</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 459
459
460<script src="https://baheyeldin.com/sites/baheyeldin.com/files/js/js_geiSPEA8NhNFdEARwB55jjJR7jaTRU8R_J8EDRwQc3w.js"></script>
460
461  </body>
462</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.