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rel='stylesheet' id='flexy-breadcrumb-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/css/flexy-breadcrumb-public.css?ver=1.3.0' media='all' /> 92<style id="flexy-breadcrumb-inline-css"> 93 94 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items { 95 background-color: #edeff0; 96 } 97 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li { 98 font-size: 16px; 99 } 100 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li a { 101 color: #337ab7; 102 } 103 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li .fbc-separator { 104 color: #cccccc; 105 } 106 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li.active span, 107 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li.active, 108 .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li .fbc-end-text { 109 color: #27272a; 110 font-size: 16px; 111 } 112 113/*# sourceURL=flexy-breadcrumb-inline-css */ 114</style> 115<link rel='stylesheet' id='flexy-breadcrumb-font-awesome-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' media='all' /> 116<link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/style.css?ver=7.1.1' media='all' /> 117<link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/style.css?ver=7.1.1' media='all' /> 118<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/reset.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> 119<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/theme.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> 120<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/header-footer.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> 121<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 122<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-6.css?ver=1790073524' media='all' /> 123<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-image.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 124<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-common-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/common.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' /> 125<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-nav-menu-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/nav-menu.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' /> 126<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-heading-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-heading.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 127<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-nav-menu-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-nav-menu.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' /> 128<link rel='stylesheet' id='e-animation-grow-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/styles/e-animation-grow.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 129<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 130<link rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/conditionals/apple-webkit.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 131<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-divider-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-divider.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 132<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-common-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-loop-common.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' /> 133<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-grid-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-loop-grid.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' /> 134<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-search-form-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-search-form.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' /> 135<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-5-all-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 136<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' /> 137<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-7397-css' 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href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/header-offcanvas.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' /> 143<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-header-info-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/header-info.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' /> 144<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-barlow-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/barlow.css?ver=1742550650' media='all' /> 145<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-playfairdisplay-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/playfairdisplay.css?ver=1742550653' media='all' /> 146<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-roboto-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/roboto.css?ver=1742550663' media='all' />
147<script type='text/javascript'> 148 var elementskit = { 149 resturl: 'https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', 150 } 151 152 </script>
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154<script id="font-awesome-4-shim-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/js/v4-shims.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
154 155<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/7" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> 156<!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v4.4.0 --> 157<meta name="generator" content="Elementor 4.2.4; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> 158<!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> 159
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159 160 !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) 161 {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? 162 n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; 163 if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; 164 n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; 165 t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; 166 s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 167 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); 168 fbq('init', '
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170 171 <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" 172 src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1416684015254854&ev=PageView&noscript=1" 173 /></noscript> 174 <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code -->
175<script> 176 177document.querySelectorAll('.elementor-search-form__submit svg').forEach(function(svg){ 178 179 svg.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true'); 180 181 svg.setAttribute('focusable', 'false'); 182 183}); 184 185</script>
185 186 <style> 187 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 188 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 189 background-image: none !important; 190 } 191 @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { 192 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 193 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 194 background-image: none !important; 195 } 196 } 197 @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { 198 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), 199 .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { 200 background-image: none !important; 201 } 202 } 203 </style> 204 <link rel="icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" /> 205<link rel="icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> 206<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" /> 207<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" /> 208<style id="wp-custom-css"> 209.footer_p_t a:hover { 210 color: #fff; 211} 212.footer_p_t a { 213 color: #FFD772; 214} 215.post-excerpt-element { 216 font-size: 17px; 217 font-family: 'Barlow'; 218} 219section#comments { 220 display: none; 221} 222/* harsh css 22-12-23*/ 223 224 225 226fieldset.form-columns-1 { 227 margin-top: 30px !important; 228 229 margin-right: -200% !important; 230 max-width: 1800px!important; 231 margin-bottom: 80px !important; 232} 233 234.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field { 235 position: relative; 236 right: 100% !important; 237} 238 239.hs_submit.hs-submit { 240 position: relative; 241 top: 15% !important; 242 right: 200% !important; 243} 244 245.elementor-column.elementor-col-100.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-0a4e833 { 246 padding: 20px !important; 247} 248 249 250ul.inputs-list li::marker { font-size: 0px !important; 251} 252 253.hs_LEGAL_CONSENT\.subscription_type_86528404.hs-LEGAL_CONSENT\.subscription_type_86528404.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox.field.hs-form-field { 254 margin-top: 10px !important; 255 margin-bottom: 30px !important; 256} 257 258input.hs-button.primary.large { 259 background-color: #CC0000; 260 color: #ffffff; 261} 262 263@media(max-width:829px){ 264form#hsForm_a3a9267f-6570-49b8-9659-f27ccad1650e:first-child { 265 display: grid; 266 grid-template-columns: repeat(1,1fr); 267} 268fieldset.form-columns-1 {margin-right:0px !important; 269 margin-bottom:20px !important;} 270 271.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field { 272 right:0% !important; 273 margin-bottom:10px;} 274 .page-id-4506 .hs_submit.hs-submit {right:0% !important} 275} 276 277section.elementor-section.elementor-inner-section.elementor-element.elementor-element-ff1454d.elementor-section-full_width.elementor-section-height-default.elementor-section-height-default { 278 padding-bottom: 74px; 279} 280@media(max-width:829px){ 281 section.elementor-section.elementor-inner-section.elementor-element.elementor-element-ff1454d.elementor-section-full_width.elementor-section-height-default.elementor-section-height-default { 282 padding-bottom: 10px; 283 }} 284 285/*end of harsh css 22-12-23*/ 286 287 288/* harsh css 15-01-24*/ 289 290.hs_submit.hs-submit { 291 right:0% !important; 292} 293 294.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field { 295 right:0% !important; 296} 297 298 fieldset.form-columns-1 { 299 margin-right:0% !important; 300} 301form#hsForm_a3a9267f-6570-49b8-9659-f27ccad1650e:first-child { 302 display: grid; 303 grid-template-columns: repeat(1,1fr) !important; 304} 305 306 .form-columns-2{ 307 max-width: 100% !important; 308} 309 310main#content { 311 max-width: 1140px !important; 312 background: white; 313 margin:0 auto !important; 314 border: 2px solid #B0A6A6; 315} 316 317 h1.entry-title { 318 margin-left: 2% !important; 319} 320 321@media (min-width: 768px){ 322 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4483f05 { 323 --content-width: 100%; 324}} 325 326@media (max-width: 829px){ 327fieldset.form-columns-1 { 328 329 margin-bottom: 60px !important; 330} 331} 332 333/*end of harsh css 22-12-23*/ 334 335/* newletter */ 336 337 338.page-id-9901 main#content{ 339 max-width:1281px !important; 340 box-shadow: 0px 10px 14px 0px #000000; 341 342} 343 344 345 346.page-id-9901 fieldset.form-columns-2 label { 347 color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important; 348} 349 350.page-id-9901 fieldset.form-columns-1 { 351 color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important; 352} 353 354 355.page-id-9901 .hs-richtext p { 356 color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important; 357} 358 359.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field { 360 padding-bottom: 10px; 361} 362 363/* end of newletter */ 364 365 366 367.elementor-column.elementor-col-16.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-32e1997 { 368 display: none !important; 369} 370 371.elementor-column.elementor-col-16.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-1b16f02 { 372 display: none !important; 373} 374.elementor-column.elementor-col-66.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-5d884e1 { 375 width: 100%; 376} 377.elementor-social-icons-wrapper.elementor-grid span.wp_ada_hidden{ 378display:none!important; 379} 380 381.elementor-element-29572b47 h1.elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-default{ 382 word-break:break-all; 383} 384.book-title-order { 385 font-style: italic; 386} 387 388</style> 389 <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
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390(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': 391new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], 392j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 393'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); 394})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','
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394 395<!-- End Google Tag Manager --> 396</head> 397<body class="archive category category-world-history category-7 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-hello-elementor wp-child-theme-hello-elementor-child hello-elementor-default elementor-page-7960 elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-6"> 398 <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> 399<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PRX88FM" 400height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager in iframe"></iframe></noscript> 401<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> 402<a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> 403<!-- <div id="content" role="main" aria-label="content main" style="display:none" ></div> --> 404 405 <header data-elementor-type="header" data-elementor-id="7397" class="elementor elementor-7397 elementor-location-header" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> 406 <header class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-146c55d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="146c55d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 407 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 408 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3006a04" data-id="3006a04" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 409 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 410 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7253f2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7253f2b" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 411 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 412 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-892a64f" data-id="892a64f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 413 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 414 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-88a9b03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="88a9b03" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 415 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 416 <a href="/"> 417 <img fetchpriority="high" width="800" height="171" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/header-logo.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9624" alt="Logo for History Readers" /> </a> 418 </div> 419 </div> 420 </div> 421 </div> 422 </div> 423 </section> 424 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ee5ce6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="2ee5ce6" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"gradient"}"> 425 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 426 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a3bb2e4" data-id="a3bb2e4" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 427 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 428 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-97d667d nav-menu elementor-widget elementor-widget-ekit-nav-menu" data-id="97d667d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="ekit-nav-menu.default"> 429 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 430 <nav class="ekit-wid-con ekit_menu_responsive_mobile" 431 aria-label="History Main" 432 data-hamburger-icon="" 433 data-hamburger-icon-type="icon" 434 data-responsive-breakpoint="767" 435 data-close-on-anchor="no"> 436 <button class="elementskit-menu-hamburger elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="ekit-megamenu-history-main" aria-label="Menu">
437 <span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span><span class="elementskit-menu-hamburger-icon"></span> 438 </button> 439 <div id="ekit-megamenu-history-main" class="elementskit-menu-container elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-navbar-nav-default ekit-nav-menu-one-page-no ekit-nav-dropdown-hover"><ul id="menu-history-main" class="elementskit-navbar-nav elementskit-menu-po-center submenu-click-on-icon"><li id="menu-item-6503" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6503 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/historical-figures/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Historical Figures</a></li> 440<li id="menu-item-6504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6504 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/us-history/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">U. S. History</a></li> 441<li id="menu-item-6505" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-menu-item menu-item-6505 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content active" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link active">World History</a></li> 442<li id="menu-item-6502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6502 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/military-history/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Military History</a></li> 443<li id="menu-item-6506" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6506 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/cultural-history/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Cultural History</a></li> 444<li id="menu-item-6507" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6507 nav-item elementskit-mobile-builder-content" data-vertical-menu=750px><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/historical-fiction/" class="ekit-menu-nav-link">Historical Fiction</a></li> 445</ul><div class="elementskit-nav-identity-panel"><a class="elementskit-nav-logo" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com" target="" rel=""><img src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/THR-header-logo.svg" title="THR-header-logo" alt="history reader loggo" decoding="async" /></a><button class="elementskit-menu-close elementskit-menu-toggler" type="button">X</button></div></div> 446 <div class="elementskit-menu-overlay elementskit-menu-offcanvas-elements elementskit-menu-toggler ekit-nav-menu--overlay"></div> </nav> 447 </div> 448 </div> 449 </div> 450 </div> 451 </div> 452 </section> 453 </div> 454 </div> 455 </div> 456 </header> 457 </header> 458 <div data-elementor-type="archive" data-elementor-id="7960" class="elementor elementor-7960 elementor-location-archive" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> 459 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5ffa6bf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5ffa6bf" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" id="content" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}" role="main"> 460 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 461 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa80edc" data-id="fa80edc" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 462 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 463 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e785bfa elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="e785bfa" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 464 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 465 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df55649" data-id="df55649" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 466 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 467 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3348579 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3348579" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 468 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 469 <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">World History</h1> </div>
470 </div> 471 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c38383d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="c38383d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> 472 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 473 <div class="elementor-divider"> 474 <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> 475 </span> 476 </div> 477 </div> 478 </div> 479 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d4232a elementor-grid-2 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="2d4232a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"template_id":"8199","columns":2,"pagination_type":"numbers_and_prev_next","_skin":"post","columns_tablet":"2","columns_mobile":"1","edit_handle_selector":"[data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\"]","pagination_load_type":"page_reload","row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post"> 480 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 481 <div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid" role="list"> 482 <style id="loop-8199">.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-820289f > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-widget:not(.elementor-widget__width-auto):not(.elementor-widget__width-initial):not(:last-child):not(.elementor-absolute){margin-block-end:0px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-820289f > .elementor-element-populated{padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-705637d > .elementor-widget-container{padding:0px 0px 10px 0px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-705637d{text-align:start;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-705637d .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Playfair Display", Sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;line-height:35px;color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-212ef6f > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e5568bd img{width:139px;max-width:100%;height:180px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center center;opacity:1;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e5568bd:hover img{filter:brightness( 114% ) contrast( 100% ) saturate( 100% ) blur( 0px ) hue-rotate( 0deg );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5e04113 > .elementor-widget-wrap > .elementor-widget:not(.elementor-widget__width-auto):not(.elementor-widget__width-initial):not(:last-child):not(.elementor-absolute){margin-block-end:10px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5e04113 > .elementor-element-populated{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;--e-column-margin-right:0px;--e-column-margin-left:0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 10px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-513c89d .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Barlow", Sans-serif;font-weight:600;line-height:30px;}.elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt .elementor-widget-container{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;
482font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6c8b94c > .elementor-widget-container{padding:0px 0px 10px 0px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6c8b94c .elementor-widget-container{font-family:"Barlow", Sans-serif;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a .ekit-btn-wraper .elementskit-btn{justify-content:flex-start;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a .elementskit-btn{background-color:#FFFFFF;padding:20px 0px 0px 0px;color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );border-style:none;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a .elementskit-btn:hover{color:#E4895F;fill:#E4895F;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-212ef6f{width:35%;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5e04113{width:65%;}}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e5568bd img{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:125px;object-fit:fill;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e5568bd img{height:250px;object-fit:fill;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-513c89d{text-align:start;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6c8b94c .elementor-widget-container{text-align:start;}.elementor-8199 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6f63c0a .ekit-btn-wraper .elementskit-btn{justify-content:flex-start;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12169 post-12169 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-alexander-the-great tag-babylon tag-greek-history tag-king-darius tag-macedon tag-persia tag-royalty tag-tower-of-babel" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 483 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 484 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 485 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 486 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 487 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 488 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 489 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Alexander</i></a></h2> </div> 490 </div> 491 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 492 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 493 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 494 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 495 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 496 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 497 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 498 <img width="960" height="1284" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-12172" alt="Alexander the Great mosaic in the House of Fawn, Pompeii. Public domain. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-224x300.jpg 224w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg 766w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-768x1027.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100v
498w, 960px" /> </a> 499 </div> 500 </div> 501 </div> 502 </div> 503 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 504 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 505 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 506 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 507 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Edmund Richardson</p> </div> 508 </div> 509 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Edmund Richardson</div><div class="post-description">Alexander the Great was a wide-eyed boy from the hills of Macedon who ruled most of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 510 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 511 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 512 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 513 Read the article </a> 514 </div> 515 </div> </div> 516 </div> 517 </div> 518 </div> 519 </div> 520 </section> 521 </div> 522 </div> 523 </div> 524 </section> 525 </div> 526 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11997 post-11997 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-3030 tag-43 tag-alexander tag-alexander-the-great tag-bill-oreilly tag-catharine-edwards tag-cicero tag-cuba tag-edmund-richardson tag-fidel-castro tag-jim-crow-south tag-josh-hammer tag-keri-leigh-merritt tag-september-11 tag-siddharth-kara tag-slave-ship tag-the-zorg" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 527 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 528 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 529 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 530 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 531 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 532 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 533 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/">New Books Hitting the Shelves This September!</a></h2> </div> 534 </div> 535 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 536 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 537 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 538 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 539 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 540 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 541 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 542 <img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11998" alt="The History Reader: Upcoming Books September 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
542w, 560px" /> </a> 543 </div> 544 </div> 545 </div> 546 </div> 547 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 548 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 549 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">From the classical age of Alexander the Great and Roman statesman Cicero to the United States <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 550 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 551 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 552 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 553 Read the article </a> 554 </div> 555 </div> </div> 556 </div> 557 </div> 558 </div> 559 </div> 560 </section> 561 </div> 562 </div> 563 </div> 564 </section> 565 </div> 566 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11929 post-11929 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-1924-everest-expedition tag-george-mallory tag-jochen-hemmleb tag-julie-summers tag-mountain-climbing tag-mountaineering tag-mt-everest tag-nepal tag-sandy-irvine tag-tibet" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 567 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 568 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 569 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 570 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 571 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 572 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 573 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Everest Mystery</i></a></h2> </div> 574 </div> 575 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 576 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 577 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 578 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 579 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 580 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 581 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 582 <img loading="lazy" width="1706" height="2560" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11969" alt="Mt. Everest photo" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg 1706w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-2
58200x300.jpg 200w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-682x1024.jpg 682w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w" sizes="(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px" /> </a> 583 </div> 584 </div> 585 </div> 586 </div> 587 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 588 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 589 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 590 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 591 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</p> </div> 592 </div> 593 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</div><div class="post-description"><em> Did George Mallory and Sandy Irvine make the summit of Mt. Everest on June 8, 1924, </em><em></em><i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 594 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 595 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 596 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 597 Read the article </a> 598 </div> 599 </div> </div> 600 </div> 601 </div> 602 </div> 603 </div> 604 </section> 605 </div> 606 </div> 607 </div> 608 </section> 609 </div> 610 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11945 post-11945 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-a-very-short-history-of-life-on-earth tag-henry-gee tag-homo-sapiens tag-human-extinction tag-population-growth" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 611 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 612 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 613 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 614 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 615 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 616 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 617 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-human-empire/">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Decline and Fall of the Human Empire</i></a></h2> </div> 618 </div> 619 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 620 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 621 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 622 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 623 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 624 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 625 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-
625and-fall-of-the-human-empire/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 626 <img loading="lazy" width="960" height="449" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11955" alt="The global spread of homo sapiens." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens.webp 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens-300x140.webp 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens-768x359.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /> </a> 627 </div> 628 </div> 629 </div> 630 </div> 631 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 632 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 633 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Henry Gee</div><div class="post-description">Since the beginning of time, animals have risen and fallen from dominance on planet Earth. Had <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 634 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 635 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 636 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-human-empire/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 637 Read the article </a> 638 </div> 639 </div> </div> 640 </div> 641 </div> 642 </div> 643 </div> 644 </section> 645 </div> 646 </div> 647 </div> 648 </section> 649 </div> 650 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11896 post-11896 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-1924-everest-expedition tag-a-history-of-the-world-in-twelve-shipwrecks tag-archaeology tag-armchair-adventures tag-blood-and-treasure tag-buddy-levy tag-daniel-boone tag-david-gibbins tag-egyptology tag-empire-of-ice-and-stone tag-exploration tag-george-mallory tag-kathleen-sheppard tag-mary-ann-patten tag-polar-exploration tag-sandy-irvine tag-the-everest-mystery tag-the-sea-captains-wife tag-tilar-j-mazzeo tag-tom-clavin tag-women-in-the-valley-of-the-kings" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 651 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 652 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 653 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 654 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 655 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 656 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 657 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/">Armchair Adventure Recommendations for August 2026</a></h2> </div>
658 </div> 659 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 660 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 661 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 662 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 663 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 664 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 665 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 666 <img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11897" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
666w, 560px" /> </a> 667 </div> 668 </div> 669 </div> 670 </div> 671 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 672 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 673 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> Summer may be winding down, but that doesn't mean that the adventures must stop. Below is <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 674 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 675 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 676 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 677 Read the article </a> 678 </div> 679 </div> </div> 680 </div> 681 </div> 682 </div> 683 </div> 684 </section> 685 </div> 686 </div> 687 </div> 688 </section> 689 </div> 690 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11279 post-11279 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-us-history category-world-history tag-addy-baird tag-alexander-larman tag-baseball tag-baseball-history tag-british-history tag-consuelo-vanderbilt-balson tag-eaton-square tag-eric-moskowitz tag-founding-fathers tag-gilded-age tag-henry-ford tag-james-wilson tag-jesse-wegman tag-london tag-london-history tag-model-t tag-sports-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 691 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 692 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 693 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 694 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 695 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 696 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 697 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/">Five New History Books for June 2026!</a></h2> </div> 698 </div> 699 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 700 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 701 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 702 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 703 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 704 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 705 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 706 <img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11282" alt="The History Reader Upcoming Books June 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
706w, 560px" /> </a> 707 </div> 708 </div> 709 </div> 710 </div> 711 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 712 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 713 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> From the glittering ballrooms of London to the dusty backroads of 20th century America to baseball's <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 714 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 715 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 716 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 717 Read the article </a> 718 </div> 719 </div> </div> 720 </div> 721 </div> 722 </div> 723 </div> 724 </section> 725 </div> 726 </div> 727 </div> 728 </section> 729 </div> 730 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11244 post-11244 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-bernt-balchen tag-buddy-levy tag-dirigible tag-lincoln-ellsworth tag-norge tag-north-pole tag-roald-amundsen tag-umberto-nobile" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 731 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 732 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 733 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 734 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 735 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 736 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 737 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/">The 100th anniversary of the <i>Norge’</i>s flight over the North Pole</a></h2> </div> 738 </div> 739 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 740 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 741 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 742 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 743 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 744 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 745 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 746 <img loading="lazy" width="1920" height="1277" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11245" alt="The Norge on May 11, 1926, as it ascends to fly over the North Pole." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014.jpg 1920w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-768x511.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-1536x1022.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100v
746w, 1920px" /> </a> 747 </div> 748 </div> 749 </div> 750 </div> 751 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 752 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 753 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 754 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 755 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Buddy Levy</p> </div> 756 </div> 757 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Buy Levy</div><div class="post-description">May 11th-12th marks the 100th anniversary of the first fully documented flight to the North Pole. <i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 758 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 759 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 760 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 761 Read the article </a> 762 </div> 763 </div> </div> 764 </div> 765 </div> 766 </div> 767 </div> 768 </section> 769 </div> 770 </div> 771 </div> 772 </section> 773 </div> 774 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11172 post-11172 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-holocaust-survivors tag-jane-ziegelman tag-jewish-books tag-jewish-history tag-world-war-ii tag-wwii" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 775 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 776 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 777 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 778 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 779 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 780 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 781 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Once There Was a Town</i></a></h2> </div> 782 </div> 783 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 784 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 785 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 786 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 787 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 788 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 789 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 790 <img loading="lazy" width="328" height="484" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11174" alt="Lillian Chanales, portrait of author's grandmother pictured in mourning attire after husband's death." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM.png 328w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM-203x300.png 203w" sizes="(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px" /> </a> 791 </div>
792 </div> 793 </div> 794 </div> 795 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 796 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 797 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 798 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 799 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Jane Ziegelman</p> </div> 800 </div> 801 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Jane Ziegelman</div><div class="post-description">Described as an "animated tapestry" by <em>The</em> <em>Wall Street Journal</em>, Jane Ziegelman's <em>Once There Was </em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 802 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 803 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 804 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 805 Read the article </a> 806 </div> 807 </div> </div> 808 </div> 809 </div> 810 </div> 811 </div> 812 </section> 813 </div> 814 </div> 815 </div> 816 </section> 817 </div> 818 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11090 post-11090 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-empress-maria-theresa tag-father-of-medicine tag-gerard-van-swieten tag-habsburg-dynasty tag-hippocrates tag-ignaz-semmelweis tag-medical-history tag-medicine tag-renaissance tag-scientific-discoveries tag-thomas-sydenham" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 819 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 820 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 821 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 822 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 823 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 824 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 825 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/">Featured Excerpt: <i>I Told You So!</i></a></h2> </div> 826 </div> 827 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 828 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 829 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 830 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 831 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 832 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 833 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 834 <img loading="lazy" width="640" height="757" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11091" alt="Thomas Sydenham â English physician (1624â1689)." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b.jpg 640w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b-254x300.jpg 254w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
834w, 640px" /> </a> 835 </div> 836 </div> 837 </div> 838 </div> 839 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 840 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 841 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 842 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 843 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Matt Kaplan</p> </div> 844 </div> 845 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Matt Kaplan</div><div class="post-description">From Darwin to Pasteur to modern-day scientists, Matt Kaplan's<em> I Told You So!</em> is an energetic, <em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 846 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 847 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 848 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 849 Read the article </a> 850 </div> 851 </div> </div> 852 </div> 853 </div> 854 </div> 855 </div> 856 </section> 857 </div> 858 </div> 859 </div> 860 </section> 861 </div> 862 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11132 post-11132 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-countess-edda-ciano tag-dr-giovanni-borromeo tag-emilio-pucci tag-fascism tag-fashion tag-fashion-designer tag-fashion-history tag-fashion-icon tag-galeazzo-ciano tag-italy tag-mussolini tag-roman-jews tag-world-war-ii tag-wwii" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 863 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 864 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 865 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 866 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 867 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 868 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 869 <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Emilio Pucci</i></a></h2> </div> 870 </div> 871 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 872 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 873 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 874 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 875 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> 876 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 877 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images"> 878 <img loading="lazy" width="640" height="788" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11133" alt="Il Deputato Liberale Emilio Pucci, IV Legislatura Repubblica Italiana, 2016. Courtesy of Wikimedia. Public Domain." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci.jpg 640w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci-244x300.jpg 244w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
878w, 640px" /> </a> 879 </div> 880 </div> 881 </div> 882 </div> 883 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 884 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 885 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 886 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 887 <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by by Terence Ward and Idanna Pucci </p> </div> 888 </div> 889 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">Terence Ward and Idanna Pucci with a foreword by Suzy Menkes When people think of fashion <em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 890 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 891 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 892 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 893 Read the article </a> 894 </div> 895 </div> </div> 896 </div> 897 </div> 898 </div> 899 </div> 900 </section> 901 </div> 902 </div> 903 </div> 904 </section> 905 </div> 906 </div> 907 908 <div class="e-load-more-anchor" data-page="1" data-max-page="26" data-next-page="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/2/"></div> 909 <nav class="elementor-pagination" aria-label="Pagination"> 910 <span class="page-numbers prev">Previous</span> 911<span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>1</span> 912<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/2/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>2</a> 913<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/3/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>3</a> 914<span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> 915<a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/26/"><span class="elementor-screen-only">Page</span>26</a> 916<a class="page-numbers next" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/2/">Next</a> </nav> 917 </div> 918 </div> 919 </div> 920 </div> 921 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc631e5" data-id="dc631e5" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 922 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 923 <aside class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-707e853 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="707e853" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 924 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 925 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-861ef4b listingsidebar" data-id="861ef4b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 926 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 927 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6db4033 elementor-search-form--skin-classic elementor-search-form--button-type-icon elementor-search-form--icon-search elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form" data-id="6db4033" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"skin":"classic"}" aria-hidden="true" data-widget_type="search-form.default"> 928 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 929 <search role="search"> 930 <form class="elementor-search-form" action="https://www.thehistoryreader.com" method="get"> 931 <div class="elementor-search-form__container"> 932 <label class="elementor-screen-only" for="elementor-search-form-6db4033">Search</label> 933 934 935 <input id="elementor-search-form-6db4033" placeholder="Search..." class="elementor-search-form__input" type="search" name="s" value=""> 936 937 <button class="elementor-search-form__submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> 938 <div class="e-font-icon-svg-container"><svg class="fa fa-search e-font-icon-svg e-fas-search" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="presentation" viewB
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995<path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></svg> </a> 996 </span> 997 <span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem"> 998 <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-animation-grow elementor-repeater-item-4ba88eb" href="https://twitter.com/history_reads" target="_blank"> 999 <span class="elementor-screen-only">Twitter</span> 1000 <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg> </a> 1001 </span> 1002 </div> 1003 </div> 1004 </div> 1005 </div> 1006 </div> 1007 </div> 1008 </aside> 1009 </div> 1010 </div> 1011 </div> 1012 </section> 1013 </div> 1014 </div> 1015 </div> 1016 </section> 1017 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fd45a5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5fd45a5" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1018 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1019 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcf81cb elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile" data-id="dcf81cb" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1020 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1021 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-45df9f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="45df9f8" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1022 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1023 <h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">World History</h5> </div> 1024 </div> 1025 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-01143d3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="01143d3" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> 1026 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1027 <div class="elementor-divider"> 1028 <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> 1029 </span> 1030 </div> 1031 </div> 1032 </div> 1033 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d947bb4 elementor-grid-2 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="d947bb4" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"template_id":8272,"columns":2,"_skin":"post","columns_tablet":"2","columns_mobile":"1","edit_handle_selector":"[data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\"]","row_gap":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]},"row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"px","size":"","sizes":[]}}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post"> 1034 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1035 <div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid" role="list"> 1036 <style id="loop-8272">.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e656432 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Playfair Display", Sans-serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:25px;color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;
1036font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:200px;object-fit:fill;opacity:1;box-shadow:0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}.elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt .elementor-widget-container{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .ekit-btn-wraper .elementskit-btn{justify-content:center;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .elementskit-btn{background-color:#FFFFFF;width:100%;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );border-style:none;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .elementskit-btn:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-50baf2d );fill:var( --e-global-color-50baf2d );}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-03d9948{width:50%;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-647961b{width:50%;}}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:125px;object-fit:fill;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{height:250px;object-fit:fill;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12243 post-12243 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-historical-figures tag-aaron-mahnke tag-abraham-lincoln tag-african-american-history tag-azadeh-moaveni tag-bob-drury tag-brad-ricca tag-celeste-headlee tag-civil-war tag-confederacy tag-connor-williams tag-cormac-mccarthy tag-east-wing tag-frank-tallis tag-marines tag-nazi-france tag-nazis tag-pete-ortiz tag-sigmund-freud tag-southern-history tag-tom-clavin tag-tracy-daughtery" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1037 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1038 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1039 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1040 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1041 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1042 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1043 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Carve Out Time for October’s New History Reads</h3> </div> 1044 </div> 1045 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1046 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1047 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1048 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1049 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1050 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1051 <img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12244" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
1051w, 560px" /> </div> 1052 </div> 1053 </div> 1054 </div> 1055 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1056 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1057 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> As the weather cools and the days grow shorter, there is no better time to settle <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1058 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1059 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1060 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/carve-out-time-for-octobers-new-history-reads/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1061 Read the article </a> 1062 </div> 1063 </div> </div> 1064 </div> 1065 </div> 1066 </div> 1067 </div> 1068 </section> 1069 </div> 1070 </div> 1071 </div> 1072 </section> 1073 </div> 1074 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12210 post-12210 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-us-history tag-civil-rights-movement tag-lillian-smith tag-racial-equality tag-racial-inequality tag-segregation tag-southern-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1075 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1076 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1077 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1078 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1079 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1080 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1081 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>An Inconvenient Woman</i></h3> </div> 1082 </div> 1083 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1084 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1085 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1086 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1087 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1088 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1089 <img loading="lazy" width="486" height="636" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.05-PM.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12215" alt="Lillian Smith posing with her hair up. Courtesy of the Library of Congress." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.05-PM.png 486w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.
108905-PM-229x300.png 229w" sizes="(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px" /> </div> 1090 </div> 1091 </div> 1092 </div> 1093 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1094 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1095 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1096 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1097 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Keri Leigh Merritt</h4> </div> 1098 </div> 1099 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Keri Leigh Merritt</div><div class="post-description">A key figure in the early civil rights movement, Lillian Smith devoted her life to ending <em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1100 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1101 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1102 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-an-inconvenient-woman/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1103 Read the article </a> 1104 </div> 1105 </div> </div> 1106 </div> 1107 </div> 1108 </div> 1109 </div> 1110 </section> 1111 </div> 1112 </div> 1113 </div> 1114 </section> 1115 </div> 1116 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12169 post-12169 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-alexander-the-great tag-babylon tag-greek-history tag-king-darius tag-macedon tag-persia tag-royalty tag-tower-of-babel" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1117 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1118 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1119 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1120 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1121 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1122 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1123 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Alexander</i></h3> </div> 1124 </div> 1125 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1126 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1127 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1128 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1129 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1130 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1131 <img loading="lazy" width="766" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12172" alt="Alexander the Great mosaic in the House of Fawn, Pompeii. Public domain. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg 766w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-224x300.jpg 224w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-768x1027.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 766px) 100v
1131w, 766px" /> </div> 1132 </div> 1133 </div> 1134 </div> 1135 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1136 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1137 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1138 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1139 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Edmund Richardson</h4> </div> 1140 </div> 1141 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Edmund Richardson</div><div class="post-description">Alexander the Great was a wide-eyed boy from the hills of Macedon who ruled most of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1142 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1143 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1144 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1145 Read the article </a> 1146 </div> 1147 </div> </div> 1148 </div> 1149 </div> 1150 </div> 1151 </div> 1152 </section> 1153 </div> 1154 </div> 1155 </div> 1156 </section> 1157 </div> 1158 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12131 post-12131 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-us-history tag-abraham-lincoln tag-american-politics tag-bill-oreilly tag-george-washington tag-josh-hammer tag-journalist tag-mary-ball-washington tag-political-commentary tag-teddy-roosevelt tag-u-s-government tag-u-s-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1159 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1160 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1161 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1162 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1163 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1164 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1165 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Confronting America</i></h3> </div> 1166 </div> 1167 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1168 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1169 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1170 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1171 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1172 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1173 <img loading="lazy" width="800" height="950" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-862x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12136" alt="Mary Ball Washington" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-862x1024.jpg 862w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-252x300.jpg 252w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-768x913.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100v
1173w, 800px" /> </div> 1174 </div> 1175 </div> 1176 </div> 1177 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1178 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1179 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1180 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1181 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Bill O'Reilly and Josh Hammer</h4> </div> 1182 </div> 1183 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Bill O'Reilly and Josh Hammer</div><div class="post-description">In <em>Confronting America</em>, Bill O'Reilly and Josh Hammer argue that Americans have lost sight of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1184 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1185 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1186 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/us-history/featured-excerpt-confronting-america/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1187 Read the article </a> 1188 </div> 1189 </div> </div> 1190 </div> 1191 </div> 1192 </div> 1193 </div> 1194 </section> 1195 </div> 1196 </div> 1197 </div> 1198 </section> 1199 </div> 1200 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12097 post-12097 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-us-history tag-43 tag-hijacker tag-new-york-city tag-nyc tag-september-11-2001 tag-terrorism tag-terrorist-attack tag-washington-dc tag-world-trade-center" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1201 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1202 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1203 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1204 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1205 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1206 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1207 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Ash and Honor</i></h3> </div> 1208 </div> 1209 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1210 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1211 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1212 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1213 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1214 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1215 <img loading="lazy" width="800" height="606" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12100" alt="Terrorist attack on 9/11/2001" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911.jpg 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911-300x227.jpg 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911-768x582.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100v
1215w, 800px" /> </div> 1216 </div> 1217 </div> 1218 </div> 1219 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1220 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1221 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1222 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1223 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Jeffrey Robinson</h4> </div> 1224 </div> 1225 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Jeffrey Robinson</div><div class="post-description">From the secret service agent keeping President Bush safe to the fighter jet pilots on a <em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1226 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1227 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1228 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/us-history/featured-excerpt-ash-and-honor/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1229 Read the article </a> 1230 </div> 1231 </div> </div> 1232 </div> 1233 </div> 1234 </div> 1235 </div> 1236 </section> 1237 </div> 1238 </div> 1239 </div> 1240 </section> 1241 </div> 1242 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12072 post-12072 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures tag-ancient-rome tag-catharine-edwards tag-catiline tag-cicero tag-julius-caesar tag-mark-antony tag-phliosophy tag-roman-politicians tag-roman-senator" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1243 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1244 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1245 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1246 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1247 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1248 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1249 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Cicero’s Tongue</i></h3> </div> 1250 </div> 1251 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1252 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1253 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1254 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1255 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1256 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1257 <img loading="lazy" width="762" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-762x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12075" alt="M.T. Cicero bust copy by Bertel Thorvaldsen" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-762x1024.jpg 762w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-223x300.jpg 223w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-768x1032.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px" /> </div>
1258 </div> 1259 </div> 1260 </div> 1261 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1262 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1263 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1264 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1265 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Catharine Edwards</h4> </div> 1266 </div> 1267 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Catharine Edwards</div><div class="post-description">When the Roman statesman Cicero was murdered in 43 BCE, his head was cut off, and <em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1268 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1269 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1270 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-ciceros-tongue/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1271 Read the article </a> 1272 </div> 1273 </div> </div> 1274 </div> 1275 </div> 1276 </div> 1277 </div> 1278 </section> 1279 </div> 1280 </div> 1281 </div> 1282 </section> 1283 </div> 1284 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11997 post-11997 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-3030 tag-43 tag-alexander tag-alexander-the-great tag-bill-oreilly tag-catharine-edwards tag-cicero tag-cuba tag-edmund-richardson tag-fidel-castro tag-jim-crow-south tag-josh-hammer tag-keri-leigh-merritt tag-september-11 tag-siddharth-kara tag-slave-ship tag-the-zorg" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1285 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1286 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1287 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1288 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1289 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1290 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1291 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">New Books Hitting the Shelves This September!</h3> </div> 1292 </div> 1293 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1294 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1295 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1296 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1297 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1298 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1299 <img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11998" alt="The History Reader: Upcoming Books September 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
1299w, 560px" /> </div> 1300 </div> 1301 </div> 1302 </div> 1303 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1304 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1305 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">From the classical age of Alexander the Great and Roman statesman Cicero to the United States <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1306 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1307 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1308 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1309 Read the article </a> 1310 </div> 1311 </div> </div> 1312 </div> 1313 </div> 1314 </div> 1315 </div> 1316 </section> 1317 </div> 1318 </div> 1319 </div> 1320 </section> 1321 </div> 1322 <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11929 post-11929 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-1924-everest-expedition tag-george-mallory tag-jochen-hemmleb tag-julie-summers tag-mountain-climbing tag-mountaineering tag-mt-everest tag-nepal tag-sandy-irvine tag-tibet" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> 1323 <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1324 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1325 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1326 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1327 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1328 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1329 <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Everest Mystery</i></h3> </div> 1330 </div> 1331 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section"> 1332 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1333 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1334 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1335 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default"> 1336 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1337 <img loading="lazy" width="682" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-682x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11969" alt="Mt. Everest photo" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-682x1024.jpg 682w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-2
133700x300.jpg 200w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg 1706w" sizes="(max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px" /> </div> 1338 </div> 1339 </div> 1340 </div> 1341 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1342 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1343 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> 1344 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1345 <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</h4> </div> 1346 </div> 1347 <div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</div><div class="post-description"><em> Did George Mallory and Sandy Irvine make the summit of Mt. Everest on June 8, 1924, </em><em></em><i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default"> 1348 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1349 <div class="ekit-wid-con" > <div class="ekit-btn-wraper"> 1350 <a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn whitespace--normal" id=""> 1351 Read the article </a> 1352 </div> 1353 </div> </div> 1354 </div> 1355 </div> 1356 </div> 1357 </div> 1358 </section> 1359 </div> 1360 </div> 1361 </div> 1362 </section> 1363 </div> 1364 </div> 1365 1366 </div> 1367 </div> 1368 </div> 1369 </div> 1370 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a2faca elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet" data-id="8a2faca" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1371 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1372 <section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f0aafd4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="f0aafd4" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> 1373 <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> 1374 <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a61511b" data-id="a61511b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column"> 1375 <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> 1376 <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a42b59e elementor-search-form--skin-classic elementor-search-form--button-type-icon elementor-search-form--icon-search elementor-widget elementor-widget-search-form" data-id="a42b59e" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{"skin":"classic"}" data-widget_type="search-form.default"> 1377 <div class="elementor-widget-container"> 1378 <search role="search"> 1379 <form class="elementor-search-form" action="https://www.thehistoryreader.com" method="get"> 1380 <div class="elementor-search-form__container"> 1381 <label class="elementor-screen-only" for="elementor-search-form-a42b59e">Search</label> 1382 1383 1384 <input id="elementor-search-form-a42b59e" placeholder="Search..." class="elementor-search-form__input" type="search" name="s" value=""> 1385 1386 <button class="elementor-search-form__submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> 1387 <div class="e-font-icon-svg-container"><svg class="fa fa-search e-font-icon-svg e-fas-search" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="presentation" viewB
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1758<script> 1759 //autocorrect owl_carousel_autocorrect -- do not remove. 1760 if (window.jQuery) { 1761 1762 jQuery(document).ready(function($) { 1763 1764 if (jQuery(".owl-carousel").length) { 1765 1766 // listener to allow navigation with space bar. 1767 jQuery('.owl-nav,.owl-dots').find('button').keydown(function(e) { 1768 1769 if (e.keyCode == 32) { 1770 e.preventDefault() 1771 jQuery(this).trigger('click'); 1772 } 1773 }); 1774 1775 setTimeout(function() { 1776 1777 jQuery(".owl-carousel").each(function() { 1778 1779 // add region role and label to wrapper. 1780 jQuery(this).attr('role', 'region'); 1781 jQuery(this).attr('aria-label', 1782 'image carousel' 1783 ); 1784 1785 1786 // add navigation role and label to slider navigation. 1787 jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").attr('role', 'navigation'); 1788 jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav button").removeAttr('role'); 1789 jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").attr('aria-label', 1790 'previous and next navigation' 1791 ); 1792 jQuery(this).find(".owl-dots").attr('aria-label', 1793 'pagination' 1794 ); 1795 1796 // move previous and next navigation buttons before slides. 1797 jQuery(this).prepend(jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").detach()); 1798 jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav button").css('z-index', '20000'); 1799 1800 // add pause button. 1801 jQuery(this).prepend( 1802 '<div class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause"><button class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop" aria-label="play" ><i class="fas fa-play"></i> </button><button class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start" aria-label="pause"><i class="fas fa-pause"></i></button></div>' 1803 ); 1804 1805 if (typeof owl_carousel_autoplay !== 'undefined' && 1806 owl_carousel_autoplay === true) { 1807 jQuery('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').hide(); 1808 } else { 1809 jQuery('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').hide(); 1810 } 1811 1812 jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("aria-live", 1813 'off'); 1814 jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("aria-hidden", 1815 'true'); 1816 jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("tabindex", '-1'); 1817 1818 1819 // add markings and label slides. 1820 var totalslides = 0; 1821 var slidenumber = 1; 1822 totalslides = jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').length; 1823 jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').each(function(key, slide) { 1824 1825 if (slidenumber < totalslides) slidenumber++; 1826 else slidenumber = 1; 1827 1828 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-label', 1829 'slide ' + 1830 slidenumber + 1831 ' of ' + 1832 totalslides); 1833 1834 jQuery(slide).attr('role', 'group'); 1835 1836 var alttext = ''; 1837 // move alt text to link and hide image to alt text from being read multiple times. 1838 if (jQuery(slide).find('a').length > 0 && jQuery(slide).find( 1839 'img').length > 0) { 1840 alttext = jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('alt'); 1841 1842 if (jQuery(slide).find('a').html().search( 1843 '<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext + 1844 '</span>') === -1 && alttext != '') 1845 jQuery(slide).find('a').append( 1846 '<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext + 1847 '</span>'); 1848 jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1849 } 1850 1851 1852 // add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden. 1853 if (jQuery(slide).hasClass('active')) { 1854 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'true'); 1855 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'false'); 1856 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off'); 1857 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true'); 1858 jQuery(slide).find('a').removeAttr('tabindex'); 1859 } else { 1860 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1861 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'false'); 1862 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off'); 1863 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true'); 1864 jQuery(slide).find('a').attr('tabindex', '-1'); 1865 } 1866 1867 }); 1868 1869 // add labels to navigation. 1870 jQuery(this).find('.owl-dot').each(function(key, carousel) { 1871 slidenumber = key + 1; 1872 jQuery(carousel).attr('aria-label', 1873 'Go to slide ' + 1874 slidenumber); 1875 }); 1876 1877 // monitor for slide to change and reset aria-hidden and aria-current values. 1878 jQuery(this).on('changed.owl.carousel', function(e) { 1879 1880 // don't trigger if not manually navigated. 1881 if (owl_navigation_clicked) { 1882 var currentItem = e.item.index; 1883 1884 // add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden. 1885 jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').each(function(key, slide) { 1886 if (key === currentItem) { 1887 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'true'); 1888 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'false'); 1889 1890 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'polite'); 1891 1892 jQuery(slide).find('a').removeAttr( 1893 'tabindex'); 1894 } else { 1895 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1896 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 1897 'false'); 1898 jQuery(slide).find('a').attr('tabindex', 1899 '-1'); 1900 jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off'); 1901 } 1902 }); 1903 } 1904 }); 1905 1906 1907 1908 }); 1909 1910 1911 }, 1500); 1912 1913 // update manual navigation variable. 1914 var owl_navigation_clicked = false;
1915 jQuery("body").on("click", ".owl-dot, .owl-nav button", function(event) { 1916 owl_navigation_clicked = true; 1917 console.log(owl_navigation_clicked); 1918 }); 1919 1920 // activate pause play controls. 1921 jQuery("body").on('click', '.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button', function(eve) { 1922 if (jQuery(this).hasClass('wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop')) { 1923 jQuery(this).parent().trigger('play.owl.autoplay', 1000); 1924 console.log('started'); 1925 jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').hide(); 1926 jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').show(); 1927 } else { 1928 jQuery(this).parent().trigger('stop.owl.autoplay'); 1929 console.log('paused'); 1930 jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').hide(); 1931 jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').show(); 1932 1933 } 1934 }); 1935 1936 } 1937 1938 }); 1939 } 1940</script>
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1940
1941<script> 1942 //autocorrect elementor_carousel_autocorrect -- do not remove. 1943 if (window.jQuery) { 1944 jQuery(document).ready(function($) { 1945 1946 1947 if ($(".elementor-widget-image-carousel").length) { 1948 1949 setTimeout(function() { 1950 1951 // add region role and label to wrapper. 1952 if ($(".elementor-widget-image-carousel").length) { 1953 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").attr('role', 'region'); 1954 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").append( 1955 '<span class="wp-ada-compliance-img-carousel-alt screen-reader-text" aria-live="polite"></span>' 1956 ); 1957 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").attr('aria-label', 1958 'image carousel' 1959 ); 1960 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").find('img').attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1961 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").find('img').attr('tabindex', '-1'); 1962 }; 1963 1964 // if carousel is hidden hide all links and buttons. 1965 $('.elementor-widget-image-carousel,.elementor-widget-image-gallery').each(function( 1966 key, carousel1) { 1967 if ($(carousel1).attr('aria-hidden') === 'true') { 1968 $(carousel1).find(':focusable').attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1969 $(carousel1).find(':focusable').attr('tabindex', '-1'); 1970 $(carousel1).find(':focusable').addClass('wp-ada-aria-hidden'); 1971 } 1972 }); 1973 1974 // hide pagination links from screen readers. 1975 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").attr('aria-hidden', 'true'); 1976 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").attr('tabindex', '-1'); 1977 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").find('span').attr( 1978 'aria-hidden', 'true'); 1979 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").find('span').attr('tabindex', 1980 '-1'); 1981 1982 // cycle through image carousel and correct issues. 1983 $('.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper').each(function(key, carousel) { 1984 1985 // move previous and next navigation buttons before slides. 1986 $('.elementor-swiper-button').each(function(key, navigation) { 1987 $(".elementor-swiper-button").css('z-index', '20000') 1988 $(carousel).prepend($(carousel).find( 1989 ".elementor-swiper-button").detach()); 1990 }); 1991 1992 1993 // define slider instance. 1994 const wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel = jQuery(this), 1995 wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance = wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel 1996 .data('swiper'); 1997 1998 1999 // add group role and label slides. 2000 var totalslides = 0; 2001 var slidenumber = 1; 2002 totalslides = $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find( 2003 '.swiper-slide:not(.swiper-slide-duplicate)').length; 2004 $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find('.swiper-slide').each(function(key, 2005 carousel) { 2006 slidenumber = $(this).attr('data-swiper-slide-index'); 2007 slidenumber++; 2008 $(this).attr('data-slideinfo', 2009 'slide ' + 2010 slidenumber + 2011 ' of ' + 2012 totalslides); 2013 $(this).attr('role', 'group'); 2014 $(this).attr('aria-label', ''); 2015 }); 2016 2017 // monitor for slide to change and reset aria-hidden and aria-current values. 2018 if (typeof(wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance) !== "undefined") { 2019 wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.on('slideChange', function(current, 2020 previous) { 2021 2022 if (wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.autoplay.running === 2023 false || $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).closest( 2024 '.elementor-widget-image-carousel').attr( 2025 'aria-hidden') === 'true') { 2026 setTimeout(function() { 2027 2028 $('.wp-ada-aria-hidden').each(function(key, 2029 slide) { 2030 $(this).attr('aria-hidden', 2031 'true'); 2032 $(this).attr('tabindex', '-1'); 2033 }); 2034 2035 2036 // add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden. 2037 $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find( 2038 '.swiper-slide').each(function(key, 2039 slide) { 2040 if ($(slide).hasClass( 2041 'swiper-slide-active' 2042 )) { 2043 var alttext = $(slide) 2044 .text(); 2045 if ('' === alttext && 2046 '' !== $(slide).find( 2047 'img').attr('alt') 2048 ) { 2049 alttext = $(slide) 2050 .find('img').attr( 2051 'alt'); 2052 } 2053 alttext = $(slide).attr(
2054 'data-slideinfo') + 2055 ' ' + alttext; 2056 $('.wp-ada-compliance-img-carousel-alt') 2057 .html(alttext); 2058 $(slide).find('a').attr( 2059 'tabindex', '0'); 2060 } 2061 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination") 2062 .find('span').attr( 2063 'aria-hidden', 'true'); 2064 $(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination") 2065 .find('span').attr( 2066 'tabindex', '-1'); 2067 }); 2068 }, 1000); 2069 } 2070 }); 2071 } 2072 2073 }); 2074 2075 }, 1500); 2076 2077 } 2078 }); 2079 2080 } 2081</script>
2081 2082<a href="https://www.wpadacompliance.com" class="screen-reader-text wp-ada-compliance-commttmentlink" title="Click this link to learn more about the WP ADA Compliance plugin.">The owner of this website has made a commitment to accessibility and inclusion, please report any problems that you encounter using the contact form on this website. This site uses the WP ADA Compliance Check plugin to enhance accessibility.</a>
2082<script> 2083 jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ){ 2084 var check_buy_empty = false; 2085 jQuery('.elementor-button-wrapper').find('a').each(function() { 2086 if(jQuery(this).attr('href')==undefined){ 2087 var target_btn = jQuery(this).closest('.elementor-widget-button'); 2088 jQuery(this).hide(); 2089 jQuery(target_btn).hide(); 2090 }else{ 2091 check_buy_empty = true; 2092 } 2093 }); 2094 if(!check_buy_empty){ 2095 jQuery('.elementor-element-8964b6a').hide(); 2096 } 2097 }); 2098</script>
2098 2099
2099<script> 2100 ( () => { 2101 const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { 2102 const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); 2103 const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { 2104 entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { 2105 if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { 2106 let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; 2107 if( lazyloadBackground ) { 2108 lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); 2109 } 2110 lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); 2111 } 2112 }); 2113 }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); 2114 lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { 2115 lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); 2116 } ); 2117 }; 2118 const events = [ 2119 'DOMContentLoaded', 2120 'elementor/lazyload/observe', 2121 ]; 2122 events.forEach( ( event ) => { 2123 document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); 2124 } ); 2125 } )(); 2126 </script>
2126 2127 <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-button-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/button.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' /> 2128<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
2129<script id="flexy-breadcrumb-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/js/flexy-breadcrumb-public.js?ver=1.3.0"></script>
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2129
2130<script id="script-name-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/custom_script.js?ver=1.0.0"></script>
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2130
2131<script id="hello-theme-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/js/hello-frontend.js?ver=3.5.1"></script>
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2131
2132<script id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
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2132
2133<script id="elementor-frontend-modules-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
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2133
2134<script id="jquery-ui-core-js-before"> 2135jQuery.uiBackCompat = true; 2136//# sourceURL=jquery-ui-core-js-before 2137</script>
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2137
2138<script id="jquery-ui-core-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.14.2"></script>
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2138
2139<script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> 2140var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnX":"Share on X","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}, 2141"hasCustomBreakpoints":false},"version":"4.2.4","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"e_font_icon_svg":true,"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"e_panel_promotions":true,"theme_builder_v2":true,"hello-theme-header-footer":true,"nested-elements":true,"global_classes_should_enforce_capabilities":true,"e_variables":true,"e_opt_in_v4_page":true,"e_components":true,"e_interactions":true,"e_widget_creation":true,"import-export-customization":true,"e_pro_atomic_form":true,"e_pro_collection_loop":true,"mega-menu":true,"e_pro_variables":true,"e_pro_interactions":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","uploadUrl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/uploads"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"4d8afb87cf","atomicFormsSendForm":"03a0eed922"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description","hello_header_logo_type":"logo","hello_header_menu_layout":"horizontal","hello_footer_logo_type":"logo"},"post":{"id":0,"title":"World History Archives - The History Reader : The History Reader","excerpt":""}}; 2142//# sourceURL=elementor-frontend-js-before 2143</script>
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2143
2144<script id="elementor-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
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2144
2145<script id="ekit-menu-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/nav-menu.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2145
2146<script id="ekit-core-js-extra"> 2147var ekit_config = {"ajaxurl":"https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"7600762fd9","i18n":{"video_frame":"Video player","close":"Close","slider_prev":"Previous slide","slider_next":"Next slide","slider_first":"This is the first slide","slider_last":"This is the last slide","slider_bullet":"Go to slide {{index}}"}}; 2148//# sourceURL=ekit-core-js-extra 2149</script>
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2149
2150<script id="ekit-core-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/core.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2150
2151<script id="ekit-nav-menu-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/nav-menu.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2151
2152<script id="smartmenus-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/smartmenus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.2.1"></script>
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2152
2153<script id="imagesloaded-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0"></script>
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2153
2154<script id="magnific-popup-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/assets/libs/magnific-popup/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2154
2155<script id="ekit-header-search-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/header-search.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2155
2156<script id="ekit-header-offcanvas-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/header-offcanvas.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
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2156
2157<script id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
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2157
2158<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
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2158
2159<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
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2159
2160<script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> 2161wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); 2162//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after 2163</script>
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2163
2164<script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before"> 2165var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"3e4e44124a","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-json\/"},"settings":{"lazy_load_background_images":true},"popup":{"hasPopUps":false},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}}, 2166"facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}}; 2167//# sourceURL=elementor-pro-frontend-js-before 2168</script>
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2168
2169<script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2169
2169
2170<script id="pro-elements-handlers-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
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2170
2171<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json"> 2172{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.1"}} 2173</script>
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2174<script type="module"> 2175/*! This file is auto-generated */ 2176var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))}); 2177//# sourceURL=https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js 2178</script>
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2180<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a440c5edfbcb618d',t:'MTc5MDkxMzM0Mw=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script>
2180</body> 2181</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.