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86.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-wpada-small-percent-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--wpada-small-percent) !important;}.has-wpada-regular-percent-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--wpada-regular-percent) !important;}.has-wpada-large-percent-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--wpada-large-percent) !important;}.has-wpada-larger-percent-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--wpada-larger-percent) !important;}.has-wpada-largest-percent-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--wpada-largest-percent) !important;}
87:root :where(.wp-block-icon svg){width: 24px;}
88:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}
89/*# sourceURL=global-styles-inline-css */
90</style>
91<link rel='stylesheet' id='flexy-breadcrumb-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/css/flexy-breadcrumb-public.css?ver=1.3.0' media='all' />
92<style id="flexy-breadcrumb-inline-css">
93
94            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items {
95                background-color: #edeff0;
96            }
97            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li {
98                font-size: 16px;
99            }
100            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li a {
101                color: #337ab7;
102            }
103            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li .fbc-separator {
104                color: #cccccc;
105            }
106            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li.active span,
107            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li.active,
108            .fbc-page .fbc-wrap .fbc-items li .fbc-end-text {
109                color: #27272a;
110                font-size: 16px;
111            }
112        
113/*# sourceURL=flexy-breadcrumb-inline-css */
114</style>
115<link rel='stylesheet' id='flexy-breadcrumb-font-awesome-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.7.0' media='all' />
116<link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/style.css?ver=7.1.1' media='all' />
117<link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/style.css?ver=7.1.1' media='all' />
118<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/reset.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' />
119<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-theme-style-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/theme.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' />
120<link rel='stylesheet' id='hello-elementor-header-footer-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/css/header-footer.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' />
121<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
122<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-6-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-6.css?ver=1790073524' media='all' />
123<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-image.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
124<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-common-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/common.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
125<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-nav-menu-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/nav-menu.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
126<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-heading-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-heading.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
127<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-nav-menu-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-nav-menu.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' />
128<link rel='stylesheet' id='e-animation-grow-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/animations/styles/e-animation-grow.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
129<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
130<link rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/conditionals/apple-webkit.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
131<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-divider-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-divider.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
132<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-common-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-loop-common.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' />
133<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-grid-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-loop-grid.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' />
134<link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-search-form-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-search-form.min.css?ver=4.2.3' media='all' />
135<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-5-all-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/all.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
136<link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/v4-shims.min.css?ver=4.2.4' media='all' />
137<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-7397-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-7397.css?ver=1790073524' media='all' />
138<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-7422-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-7422.css?ver=1790073524' media='all' />
139<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-7960-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-7960.css?ver=1790073587' media='all' />
140<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-ada-compliance-styles-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-ada-compliance/styles.css?ver=1775461706' media='all' />
141<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-header-search-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/header-search.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
142<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-header-offcanvas-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/header-offcanvas.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
143<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-header-info-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/header-info.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
144<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-barlow-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/barlow.css?ver=1742550650' media='all' />
145<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-playfairdisplay-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/playfairdisplay.css?ver=1742550653' media='all' />
146<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-gf-local-roboto-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/google-fonts/css/roboto.css?ver=1742550663' media='all' />
147<script type='text/javascript'>
148		var elementskit = {
149			resturl: 'https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/elementskit/v1/',
150		}
151
152		</script>
152<script id="jquery-core-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/jquery-manager/assets/js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 152
152
153<script id="jquery-migrate-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/jquery-manager/assets/js/jquery-migrate-3.3.0.min.js"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 153
153
154<script id="font-awesome-4-shim-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/js/v4-shims.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
154
155<link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-json/wp/v2/categories/7" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
156<!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v4.4.0 -->
157<meta name="generator" content="Elementor 4.2.4; features: e_font_icon_svg, additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap">
158<!-- Facebook Pixel Code -->
159        
159<script>
vendor: 516 bytes, lines 159-168
159
160            !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)
161            {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod?
162            n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};
163            if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';
164            n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0;
165            t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];
166            s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script',
167            'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');
168            fbq('init', '
1681416684015254854
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168');
169            fbq('track', 'PageView');
170          
170</script>
170
171          <noscript><img height="1" width="1" style="display:none"
172            src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1416684015254854&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
173          /></noscript>
174          <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code -->
175<script>
176
177document.querySelectorAll('.elementor-search-form__submit svg').forEach(function(svg){
178
179  svg.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');
180
181  svg.setAttribute('focusable', 'false');
182
183});
184
185</script>
185
186			<style>
187				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
188				.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
189					background-image: none !important;
190				}
191				@media screen and (max-height: 1024px) {
192					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
193					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
194						background-image: none !important;
195					}
196				}
197				@media screen and (max-height: 640px) {
198					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload),
199					.e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * {
200						background-image: none !important;
201					}
202				}
203			</style>
204			<link rel="icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="32x32" />
205<link rel="icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" />
206<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" />
207<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/favicon.png" />
208<style id="wp-custom-css">
209.footer_p_t a:hover {
210    color: #fff;
211}
212.footer_p_t a {
213    color: #FFD772;
214}
215.post-excerpt-element {
216    font-size: 17px;
217    font-family: 'Barlow';
218}
219section#comments {
220    display: none;
221}
222/* harsh css 22-12-23*/
223
224
225
226fieldset.form-columns-1 {
227     margin-top: 30px !important;
228    
229    margin-right: -200% !important;
230    max-width: 1800px!important;
231    margin-bottom: 80px !important;
232}
233
234.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field {
235    position: relative;
236    right: 100% !important;
237}
238
239.hs_submit.hs-submit {
240    position: relative;
241    top: 15% !important;
242    right: 200% !important;
243}
244
245.elementor-column.elementor-col-100.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-0a4e833 {
246    padding: 20px !important;
247}
248
249
250ul.inputs-list li::marker { font-size: 0px !important;
251}
252
253.hs_LEGAL_CONSENT\.subscription_type_86528404.hs-LEGAL_CONSENT\.subscription_type_86528404.hs-fieldtype-booleancheckbox.field.hs-form-field {
254    margin-top: 10px !important;
255    margin-bottom: 30px !important;
256}
257
258input.hs-button.primary.large {
259    background-color: #CC0000;
260    color: #ffffff;
261}
262
263@media(max-width:829px){
264form#hsForm_a3a9267f-6570-49b8-9659-f27ccad1650e:first-child {
265    display: grid;
266    grid-template-columns: repeat(1,1fr);
267}
268fieldset.form-columns-1 {margin-right:0px !important;
269                            margin-bottom:20px !important;}
270    
271.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field {
272			right:0% !important;
273 margin-bottom:10px;}
274    .page-id-4506 .hs_submit.hs-submit {right:0% !important}
275}
276
277section.elementor-section.elementor-inner-section.elementor-element.elementor-element-ff1454d.elementor-section-full_width.elementor-section-height-default.elementor-section-height-default {
278    padding-bottom: 74px;
279}
280@media(max-width:829px){
281 section.elementor-section.elementor-inner-section.elementor-element.elementor-element-ff1454d.elementor-section-full_width.elementor-section-height-default.elementor-section-height-default {
282    padding-bottom: 10px;
283	}}
284	
285/*end of harsh css 22-12-23*/
286
287
288/* harsh css 15-01-24*/
289
290.hs_submit.hs-submit {
291    right:0% !important;
292}
293
294.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field {
295    right:0% !important;
296}
297
298 fieldset.form-columns-1 {
299    margin-right:0% !important;
300}
301form#hsForm_a3a9267f-6570-49b8-9659-f27ccad1650e:first-child {
302    display: grid;
303    grid-template-columns: repeat(1,1fr) !important;
304}
305
306 .form-columns-2{
307    max-width: 100% !important;
308}
309
310main#content {
311    max-width: 1140px !important;
312    background: white;
313    margin:0 auto !important;
314    border: 2px solid #B0A6A6;
315}
316
317 h1.entry-title {
318    margin-left: 2% !important;
319}
320
321@media (min-width: 768px){
322 .elementor-element.elementor-element-4483f05 {
323    --content-width: 100%;
324}}
325
326@media (max-width: 829px){
327fieldset.form-columns-1 {
328   
329    margin-bottom: 60px !important;
330}
331}
332
333/*end of harsh css 22-12-23*/
334
335/* newletter */
336
337
338.page-id-9901 main#content{
339     max-width:1281px !important;
340     box-shadow: 0px 10px 14px 0px #000000;
341    
342}
343
344
345
346.page-id-9901 fieldset.form-columns-2 label {
347     color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important;
348}
349
350.page-id-9901 fieldset.form-columns-1 {
351       color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important;
352}
353
354
355.page-id-9901 .hs-richtext p {
356       color:rgb(68, 68, 68) !important;
357}
358
359.hs_recaptcha.hs-recaptcha.field.hs-form-field {
360    padding-bottom: 10px;
361}
362
363/* end of newletter */
364
365
366
367.elementor-column.elementor-col-16.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-32e1997 {
368    display: none !important;
369}
370
371.elementor-column.elementor-col-16.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-1b16f02 {
372    display: none !important;
373}
374.elementor-column.elementor-col-66.elementor-top-column.elementor-element.elementor-element-5d884e1 {
375    width: 100%;
376}
377.elementor-social-icons-wrapper.elementor-grid span.wp_ada_hidden{
378display:none!important;
379}
380
381.elementor-element-29572b47 h1.elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-default{
382	word-break:break-all;
383}
384.book-title-order {
385    font-style: italic;
386}
387
388</style>
389    <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
390<script>
vendor: 327 bytes, lines 390-394
390(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
391new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
392j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
393'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
394})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','
394GTM-PRX88FM
vendor: 3 bytes, line 394
394');
394</script>
394
395<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
396</head>
397<body class="archive category category-world-history category-7 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive wp-theme-hello-elementor wp-child-theme-hello-elementor-child hello-elementor-default elementor-page-7960 elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-6">
398	<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
399<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PRX88FM"
400height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="Google Tag Manager in iframe"></iframe></noscript>
401<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
402<a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a>
403<!-- 	<div id="content" role="main" aria-label="content main" style="display:none" ></div> -->
404
405		<header data-elementor-type="header" data-elementor-id="7397" class="elementor elementor-7397 elementor-location-header" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library">
406					<header class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-146c55d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="146c55d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
407						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
408					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3006a04" data-id="3006a04" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
409			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
410						<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7253f2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="7253f2b" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section" data-settings="{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}">
411						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
412					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-892a64f" data-id="892a64f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
413			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
414						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-88a9b03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="88a9b03" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
415				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
416																<a href="/">
417							<img fetchpriority="high" width="800" height="171" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/header-logo.svg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-9624" alt="Logo for History Readers" />								</a>
418															</div>
419				</div>
420					</div>
421		</div>
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468				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
469					<h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">World History</h1>				</div>
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480				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
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483					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
484						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
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488				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
489					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Alexander</i></a></h2>				</div>
490				</div>
491				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
492						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
493					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
494			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
495						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
496				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
497																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
498							<img width="960" height="1284" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-12172" alt="Alexander the Great mosaic in the House of Fawn, Pompeii. Public domain. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-224x300.jpg 224w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg 766w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-768x1027.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100v
498w, 960px" />								</a>
499															</div>
500				</div>
501					</div>
502		</div>
503				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
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505						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
506				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
507					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Edmund Richardson</p>				</div>
508				</div>
509		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Edmund Richardson</div><div class="post-description">Alexander the Great was a wide-eyed boy from the hills of Macedon who ruled most of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
510				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
511					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
512							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
513					Read the article				</a>
514					</div>
515        </div>				</div>
516				</div>
517					</div>
518		</div>
519					</div>
520		</section>
521					</div>
522		</div>
523					</div>
524		</section>
525				</div>
526				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11997 post-11997 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-3030 tag-43 tag-alexander tag-alexander-the-great tag-bill-oreilly tag-catharine-edwards tag-cicero tag-cuba tag-edmund-richardson tag-fidel-castro tag-jim-crow-south tag-josh-hammer tag-keri-leigh-merritt tag-september-11 tag-siddharth-kara tag-slave-ship tag-the-zorg" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
527					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
528						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
529					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
530			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
531						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
532				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
533					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/">New Books Hitting the Shelves This September!</a></h2>				</div>
534				</div>
535				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
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540				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
541																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
542							<img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11998" alt="The History Reader: Upcoming Books September 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
542w, 560px" />								</a>
543															</div>
544				</div>
545					</div>
546		</div>
547				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
548			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
549				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">From the classical age of Alexander the Great and Roman statesman Cicero to the United States <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
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552							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/new-books-hitting-the-shelves-this-september/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
553					Read the article				</a>
554					</div>
555        </div>				</div>
556				</div>
557					</div>
558		</div>
559					</div>
560		</section>
561					</div>
562		</div>
563					</div>
564		</section>
565				</div>
566				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11929 post-11929 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-1924-everest-expedition tag-george-mallory tag-jochen-hemmleb tag-julie-summers tag-mountain-climbing tag-mountaineering tag-mt-everest tag-nepal tag-sandy-irvine tag-tibet" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
567					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
568						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
569					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
570			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
571						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
572				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
573					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Everest Mystery</i></a></h2>				</div>
574				</div>
575				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
576						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
577					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
578			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
579						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
580				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
581																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
582							<img loading="lazy" width="1706" height="2560" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11969" alt="Mt. Everest photo" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg 1706w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-2
58200x300.jpg 200w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-682x1024.jpg 682w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w" sizes="(max-width: 1706px) 100vw, 1706px" />								</a>
583															</div>
584				</div>
585					</div>
586		</div>
587				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
588			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
589						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
590				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
591					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</p>				</div>
592				</div>
593		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</div><div class="post-description"><em> Did George Mallory and Sandy Irvine make the summit of Mt. Everest on June 8, 1924, </em><em></em><i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
594				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
595					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
596							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-the-everest-mystery/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
597					Read the article				</a>
598					</div>
599        </div>				</div>
600				</div>
601					</div>
602		</div>
603					</div>
604		</section>
605					</div>
606		</div>
607					</div>
608		</section>
609				</div>
610				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11945 post-11945 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-a-very-short-history-of-life-on-earth tag-henry-gee tag-homo-sapiens tag-human-extinction tag-population-growth" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
611					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
612						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
613					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
614			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
615						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
616				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
617					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-human-empire/">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Decline and Fall of the Human Empire</i></a></h2>				</div>
618				</div>
619				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
620						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
621					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
622			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
623						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
624				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
625																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-
625and-fall-of-the-human-empire/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
626							<img loading="lazy" width="960" height="449" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11955" alt="The global spread of homo sapiens." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens.webp 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens-300x140.webp 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/homo-sapiens-768x359.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" />								</a>
627															</div>
628				</div>
629					</div>
630		</div>
631				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
632			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
633				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Henry Gee</div><div class="post-description">Since the beginning of time, animals have risen and fallen from dominance on planet Earth. Had <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
634				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
635					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
636							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/featured-excerpt-the-decline-and-fall-of-the-human-empire/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
637					Read the article				</a>
638					</div>
639        </div>				</div>
640				</div>
641					</div>
642		</div>
643					</div>
644		</section>
645					</div>
646		</div>
647					</div>
648		</section>
649				</div>
650				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11896 post-11896 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-1924-everest-expedition tag-a-history-of-the-world-in-twelve-shipwrecks tag-archaeology tag-armchair-adventures tag-blood-and-treasure tag-buddy-levy tag-daniel-boone tag-david-gibbins tag-egyptology tag-empire-of-ice-and-stone tag-exploration tag-george-mallory tag-kathleen-sheppard tag-mary-ann-patten tag-polar-exploration tag-sandy-irvine tag-the-everest-mystery tag-the-sea-captains-wife tag-tilar-j-mazzeo tag-tom-clavin tag-women-in-the-valley-of-the-kings" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
651					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
652						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
653					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
654			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
655						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
656				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
657					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/">Armchair Adventure Recommendations for August 2026</a></h2>				</div>
658				</div>
659				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
660						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
661					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
662			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
663						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
664				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
665																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
666							<img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11897" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/armchair-adventures-August-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
666w, 560px" />								</a>
667															</div>
668				</div>
669					</div>
670		</div>
671				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
672			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
673				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> Summer may be winding down, but that doesn't mean that the adventures must stop. Below is <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
674				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
675					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
676							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/world-history/armchair-adventure-recommendations-for-august-2026/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
677					Read the article				</a>
678					</div>
679        </div>				</div>
680				</div>
681					</div>
682		</div>
683					</div>
684		</section>
685					</div>
686		</div>
687					</div>
688		</section>
689				</div>
690				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11279 post-11279 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-us-history category-world-history tag-addy-baird tag-alexander-larman tag-baseball tag-baseball-history tag-british-history tag-consuelo-vanderbilt-balson tag-eaton-square tag-eric-moskowitz tag-founding-fathers tag-gilded-age tag-henry-ford tag-james-wilson tag-jesse-wegman tag-london tag-london-history tag-model-t tag-sports-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
691					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
692						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
693					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
694			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
695						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
696				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
697					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/">Five New History Books for June 2026!</a></h2>				</div>
698				</div>
699				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
700						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
701					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
702			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
703						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
704				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
705																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
706							<img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11282" alt="The History Reader Upcoming Books June 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THR-banner-June-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
706w, 560px" />								</a>
707															</div>
708				</div>
709					</div>
710		</div>
711				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
712			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
713				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> From the glittering ballrooms of London to the dusty backroads of 20th century America to baseball's <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
714				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
715					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
716							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/5-new-history-books-for-june-2026/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
717					Read the article				</a>
718					</div>
719        </div>				</div>
720				</div>
721					</div>
722		</div>
723					</div>
724		</section>
725					</div>
726		</div>
727					</div>
728		</section>
729				</div>
730				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11244 post-11244 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-bernt-balchen tag-buddy-levy tag-dirigible tag-lincoln-ellsworth tag-norge tag-north-pole tag-roald-amundsen tag-umberto-nobile" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
731					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
732						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
733					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
734			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
735						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
736				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
737					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/">The 100th anniversary of the <i>Norge&#8217;</i>s flight over the North Pole</a></h2>				</div>
738				</div>
739				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
740						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
741					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
742			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
743						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
744				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
745																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
746							<img loading="lazy" width="1920" height="1277" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11245" alt="The Norge on May 11, 1926, as it ascends to fly over the North Pole." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014.jpg 1920w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-768x511.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Norge__over_Ny-Alesund_ved_avreisen_mot_Nordpolen_11._mai_1926_8887659014-1536x1022.jpg 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100v
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747															</div>
748				</div>
749					</div>
750		</div>
751				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
752			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
753						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
754				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
755					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Buddy Levy</p>				</div>
756				</div>
757		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Buy Levy</div><div class="post-description">May 11th-12th marks the 100th anniversary of the first fully documented flight to the North Pole. <i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
758				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
759					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
760							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/the-100th-anniversary-of-the-norges-flight-over-the-north-pole/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
761					Read the article				</a>
762					</div>
763        </div>				</div>
764				</div>
765					</div>
766		</div>
767					</div>
768		</section>
769					</div>
770		</div>
771					</div>
772		</section>
773				</div>
774				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11172 post-11172 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-holocaust-survivors tag-jane-ziegelman tag-jewish-books tag-jewish-history tag-world-war-ii tag-wwii" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
775					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
776						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
777					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
778			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
779						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
780				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
781					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Once There Was a Town</i></a></h2>				</div>
782				</div>
783				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
784						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
785					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
786			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
787						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
788				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
789																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
790							<img loading="lazy" width="328" height="484" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11174" alt="Lillian Chanales, portrait of author&apos;s grandmother pictured in mourning attire after husband&apos;s death." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM.png 328w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Screenshot-2026-03-06-at-1.18.04-PM-203x300.png 203w" sizes="(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px" />								</a>
791															</div>
792				</div>
793					</div>
794		</div>
795				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
796			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
797						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
798				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
799					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Jane Ziegelman</p>				</div>
800				</div>
801		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Jane Ziegelman</div><div class="post-description">Described as an "animated tapestry" by <em>The</em> <em>Wall Street Journal</em>, Jane Ziegelman's <em>Once There Was </em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
802				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
803					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
804							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/featured-excerpt-once-there-was-a-town/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
805					Read the article				</a>
806					</div>
807        </div>				</div>
808				</div>
809					</div>
810		</div>
811					</div>
812		</section>
813					</div>
814		</div>
815					</div>
816		</section>
817				</div>
818				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11090 post-11090 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-empress-maria-theresa tag-father-of-medicine tag-gerard-van-swieten tag-habsburg-dynasty tag-hippocrates tag-ignaz-semmelweis tag-medical-history tag-medicine tag-renaissance tag-scientific-discoveries tag-thomas-sydenham" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
819					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
820						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
821					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
822			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
823						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
824				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
825					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/">Featured Excerpt: <i>I Told You So!</i></a></h2>				</div>
826				</div>
827				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
828						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
829					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
830			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
831						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
832				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
833																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
834							<img loading="lazy" width="640" height="757" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11091" alt="Thomas Sydenham – English physician (1624–1689)." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b.jpg 640w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Thomas_Sydenham_b-254x300.jpg 254w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
834w, 640px" />								</a>
835															</div>
836				</div>
837					</div>
838		</div>
839				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
840			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
841						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
842				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
843					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Matt Kaplan</p>				</div>
844				</div>
845		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Matt Kaplan</div><div class="post-description">From Darwin to Pasteur to modern-day scientists, Matt Kaplan's<em> I Told You So!</em> is an energetic, <em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
846				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
847					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
848							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/i-told-you-so/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
849					Read the article				</a>
850					</div>
851        </div>				</div>
852				</div>
853					</div>
854		</div>
855					</div>
856		</section>
857					</div>
858		</div>
859					</div>
860		</section>
861				</div>
862				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8199" class="elementor elementor-8199 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11132 post-11132 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-countess-edda-ciano tag-dr-giovanni-borromeo tag-emilio-pucci tag-fascism tag-fashion tag-fashion-designer tag-fashion-history tag-fashion-icon tag-galeazzo-ciano tag-italy tag-mussolini tag-roman-jews tag-world-war-ii tag-wwii" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
863					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662aed1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="662aed1" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
864						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
865					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-820289f mobilepost" data-id="820289f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
866			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
867						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-705637d listing-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="705637d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
868				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
869					<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/">Featured Excerpt: <i>Emilio Pucci</i></a></h2>				</div>
870				</div>
871				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28a4efb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="28a4efb" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
872						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
873					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-212ef6f homemobimg" data-id="212ef6f" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
874			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
875						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e5568bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="e5568bd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
876				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
877																<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/" title="jackie ptsd" aria-label="Test images">
878							<img loading="lazy" width="640" height="788" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-11133" alt="Il Deputato Liberale Emilio Pucci, IV Legislatura Repubblica Italiana, 2016. Courtesy of Wikimedia. Public Domain." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci.jpg 640w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/Emilio_Pucci-244x300.jpg 244w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100v
878w, 640px" />								</a>
879															</div>
880				</div>
881					</div>
882		</div>
883				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e04113 homemobcontent" data-id="5e04113" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
884			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
885						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513c89d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="513c89d" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
886				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
887					<p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by by Terence Ward and Idanna Pucci </p>				</div>
888				</div>
889		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">Terence Ward and Idanna Pucci with a foreword by Suzy Menkes When people think of fashion <em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f63c0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-left readarticle elementor-align--mobileleft elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="6f63c0a" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
890				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
891					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
892							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-emilio-pucci/" aria-label="Read the article - Shippwreckshistoryofworld" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
893					Read the article				</a>
894					</div>
895        </div>				</div>
896				</div>
897					</div>
898		</div>
899					</div>
900		</section>
901					</div>
902		</div>
903					</div>
904		</section>
905				</div>
906				</div>
907		
908				<div class="e-load-more-anchor" data-page="1" data-max-page="26" data-next-page="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/category/world-history/page/2/"></div>
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928				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
929							<search role="search">
930			<form class="elementor-search-form" action="https://www.thehistoryreader.com" method="get">
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959															</div>
960				</div>
961				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7338163 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="7338163" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
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965															</div>
966				</div>
967				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5c31f73 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="5c31f73" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
968				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
969																<a href="/military-history/7-books-to-read-for-veterans-day/" target="_blank" aria-label="Img">
970							<img loading="lazy" width="670" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Sniper-670x1024.jpeg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-8745" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Sniper-670x1024.jpeg 670w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Sniper-196x300.jpeg 196w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Sniper-768x1173.jpeg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/The-Sniper.jpeg 900w" sizes="(max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px" />								</a>
971															</div>
972				</div>
973				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-eddbfca elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="eddbfca" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
974				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
975																<a href="/cultural-history/what-africatown-owes-to-the-harlem-renaissance/" target="_blank" aria-label="Img">
976							<img loading="lazy" width="674" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Africatown-674x1024.jpeg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-8743" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Africatown-674x1024.jpeg 674w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Africatown-197x300.jpeg 197w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Africatown-768x1167.jpeg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Africatown.jpeg 900w" sizes="(max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px" />								</a>
977															</div>
978				</div>
979				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-087f3eb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="087f3eb" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default">
980				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
981																<a href="/military-history/7-books-to-read-for-veterans-day/" target="_blank" aria-label="Img">
982							<img loading="lazy" width="666" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Luck-of-the-Draw-666x1024.jpeg" class="elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-8744" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Luck-of-the-Draw-666x1024.jpeg 666w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Luck-of-the-Draw-195x300.jpeg 195w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Luck-of-the-Draw-768x1180.jpeg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Luck-of-the-Draw.jpeg 900w" sizes="(max-width: 666px) 100vw, 666px" />								</a>
983															</div>
984				</div>
985				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-756bdf3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="756bdf3" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
986				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
987					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Connect with The History Reader</h4>				</div>
988				</div>
989				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-af8fe16 elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="af8fe16" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default">
990				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
991							<div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid" role="list">
992							<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem">
993					<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook-f elementor-animation-grow elementor-repeater-item-4cf101e" href="https://www.facebook.com/TheHistoryReader" target="_blank">
994						<span class="elementor-screen-only">Facebook</span>
995						<svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook-f" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
995<path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></svg>					</a>
996				</span>
997							<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem">
998					<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-animation-grow elementor-repeater-item-4ba88eb" href="https://twitter.com/history_reads" target="_blank">
999						<span class="elementor-screen-only">Twitter</span>
1000						<svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg>					</a>
1001				</span>
1002					</div>
1003						</div>
1004				</div>
1005					</div>
1006		</div>
1007					</div>
1008		</aside>
1009					</div>
1010		</div>
1011					</div>
1012		</section>
1013					</div>
1014		</div>
1015					</div>
1016		</section>
1017				<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fd45a5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="5fd45a5" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1018						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1019					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcf81cb elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile" data-id="dcf81cb" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1020			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1021						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-45df9f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="45df9f8" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1022				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1023					<h5 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">World History</h5>				</div>
1024				</div>
1025				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-01143d3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="01143d3" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default">
1026				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1027							<div class="elementor-divider">
1028			<span class="elementor-divider-separator">
1029						</span>
1030		</div>
1031						</div>
1032				</div>
1033				<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d947bb4 elementor-grid-2 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="d947bb4" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-settings="{&quot;template_id&quot;:8272,&quot;columns&quot;:2,&quot;_skin&quot;:&quot;post&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;edit_handle_selector&quot;:&quot;[data-elementor-type=\&quot;loop-item\&quot;]&quot;,&quot;row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post">
1034				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1035							<div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid" role="list">
1036		<style id="loop-8272">.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-primary-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-primary );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-e656432 .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Playfair Display", Sans-serif;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:25px;color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );}.elementor-widget-image .widget-image-caption{color:var( --e-global-color-text );font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;
1036font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:200px;object-fit:fill;opacity:1;box-shadow:0px 0px 10px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}.elementor-widget-theme-post-excerpt .elementor-widget-container{font-family:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;font-weight:var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );color:var( --e-global-color-text );}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .ekit-btn-wraper .elementskit-btn{justify-content:center;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .elementskit-btn{background-color:#FFFFFF;width:100%;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;text-shadow:0px 0px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);color:var( --e-global-color-secondary );fill:var( --e-global-color-secondary );border-style:none;border-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd{width:100%;max-width:100%;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-68b28cd .elementskit-btn:hover{color:var( --e-global-color-50baf2d );fill:var( --e-global-color-50baf2d );}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-03d9948{width:50%;}.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-647961b{width:50%;}}@media(max-width:1024px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:125px;object-fit:fill;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-8272 .elementor-element.elementor-element-be00363 img{height:250px;object-fit:fill;}}</style>		<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12243 post-12243 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-historical-figures tag-aaron-mahnke tag-abraham-lincoln tag-african-american-history tag-azadeh-moaveni tag-bob-drury tag-brad-ricca tag-celeste-headlee tag-civil-war tag-confederacy tag-connor-williams tag-cormac-mccarthy tag-east-wing tag-frank-tallis tag-marines tag-nazi-france tag-nazis tag-pete-ortiz tag-sigmund-freud tag-southern-history tag-tom-clavin tag-tracy-daughtery" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1037					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1038						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1039					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1040			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1041						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1042				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1043					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Carve Out Time for October&#8217;s New History Reads</h3>				</div>
1044				</div>
1045				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1046						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1047					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1048			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1049						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1050				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1051															<img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12244" alt="" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/THR-October-2026-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
1051w, 560px" />															</div>
1052				</div>
1053					</div>
1054		</div>
1055				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1056			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1057				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description"> As the weather cools and the days grow shorter, there is no better time to settle <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1058				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1059					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1060							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/cultural-history/carve-out-time-for-octobers-new-history-reads/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1061					Read the article				</a>
1062					</div>
1063        </div>				</div>
1064				</div>
1065					</div>
1066		</div>
1067					</div>
1068		</section>
1069					</div>
1070		</div>
1071					</div>
1072		</section>
1073				</div>
1074				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12210 post-12210 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-us-history tag-civil-rights-movement tag-lillian-smith tag-racial-equality tag-racial-inequality tag-segregation tag-southern-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1075					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1076						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1077					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1078			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1079						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1080				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1081					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>An Inconvenient Woman</i></h3>				</div>
1082				</div>
1083				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1084						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1085					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1086			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1087						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1088				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1089															<img loading="lazy" width="486" height="636" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.05-PM.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12215" alt="Lillian Smith posing with her hair up. Courtesy of the Library of Congress." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.05-PM.png 486w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Screenshot-2026-09-24-at-7.11.
108905-PM-229x300.png 229w" sizes="(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px" />															</div>
1090				</div>
1091					</div>
1092		</div>
1093				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1094			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1095						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1096				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1097					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by  Keri Leigh Merritt</h4>				</div>
1098				</div>
1099		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Keri Leigh Merritt</div><div class="post-description">A key figure in the early civil rights movement, Lillian Smith devoted her life to ending <em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1100				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1101					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1102							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-an-inconvenient-woman/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1103					Read the article				</a>
1104					</div>
1105        </div>				</div>
1106				</div>
1107					</div>
1108		</div>
1109					</div>
1110		</section>
1111					</div>
1112		</div>
1113					</div>
1114		</section>
1115				</div>
1116				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12169 post-12169 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-world-history tag-alexander-the-great tag-babylon tag-greek-history tag-king-darius tag-macedon tag-persia tag-royalty tag-tower-of-babel" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1117					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1118						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1119					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1120			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1121						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1122				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1123					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Alexander</i></h3>				</div>
1124				</div>
1125				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1126						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1127					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1128			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1129						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1130				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1131															<img loading="lazy" width="766" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12172" alt="Alexander the Great mosaic in the House of Fawn, Pompeii. Public domain. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons." srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-766x1024.jpg 766w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-224x300.jpg 224w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped-768x1027.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Alexander_the_Great_mosaic_cropped.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 766px) 100v
1131w, 766px" />															</div>
1132				</div>
1133					</div>
1134		</div>
1135				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1136			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1137						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1138				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1139					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Edmund Richardson</h4>				</div>
1140				</div>
1141		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Edmund Richardson</div><div class="post-description">Alexander the Great was a wide-eyed boy from the hills of Macedon who ruled most of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1142				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1143					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1144							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-alexander/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1145					Read the article				</a>
1146					</div>
1147        </div>				</div>
1148				</div>
1149					</div>
1150		</div>
1151					</div>
1152		</section>
1153					</div>
1154		</div>
1155					</div>
1156		</section>
1157				</div>
1158				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12131 post-12131 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures category-us-history tag-abraham-lincoln tag-american-politics tag-bill-oreilly tag-george-washington tag-josh-hammer tag-journalist tag-mary-ball-washington tag-political-commentary tag-teddy-roosevelt tag-u-s-government tag-u-s-history" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1159					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1160						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1161					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1162			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1163						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1164				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1165					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Confronting America</i></h3>				</div>
1166				</div>
1167				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1168						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1169					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1170			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1171						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1172				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1173															<img loading="lazy" width="800" height="950" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-862x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12136" alt="Mary Ball Washington" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-862x1024.jpg 862w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-252x300.jpg 252w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington-768x913.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Mary-Ball-Washington.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100v
1173w, 800px" />															</div>
1174				</div>
1175					</div>
1176		</div>
1177				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1178			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1179						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1180				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1181					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Bill O'Reilly and Josh Hammer</h4>				</div>
1182				</div>
1183		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Bill O&#039;Reilly and Josh Hammer</div><div class="post-description">In <em>Confronting America</em>, Bill O'Reilly and Josh Hammer argue that Americans have lost sight of <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1184				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1185					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1186							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/us-history/featured-excerpt-confronting-america/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1187					Read the article				</a>
1188					</div>
1189        </div>				</div>
1190				</div>
1191					</div>
1192		</div>
1193					</div>
1194		</section>
1195					</div>
1196		</div>
1197					</div>
1198		</section>
1199				</div>
1200				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12097 post-12097 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-us-history tag-43 tag-hijacker tag-new-york-city tag-nyc tag-september-11-2001 tag-terrorism tag-terrorist-attack tag-washington-dc tag-world-trade-center" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1201					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1202						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1203					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1204			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1205						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1206				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1207					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Ash and Honor</i></h3>				</div>
1208				</div>
1209				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1210						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1211					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1212			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1213						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1214				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1215															<img loading="lazy" width="800" height="606" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12100" alt="Terrorist attack on 9/11/2001" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911.jpg 960w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911-300x227.jpg 300w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/911-768x582.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100v
1215w, 800px" />															</div>
1216				</div>
1217					</div>
1218		</div>
1219				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1220			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1221						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1222				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1223					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Jeffrey Robinson</h4>				</div>
1224				</div>
1225		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Jeffrey Robinson</div><div class="post-description">From the secret service agent keeping President Bush safe to the fighter jet pilots on a <em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1226				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1227					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1228							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/us-history/featured-excerpt-ash-and-honor/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1229					Read the article				</a>
1230					</div>
1231        </div>				</div>
1232				</div>
1233					</div>
1234		</div>
1235					</div>
1236		</section>
1237					</div>
1238		</div>
1239					</div>
1240		</section>
1241				</div>
1242				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-12072 post-12072 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-historical-figures tag-ancient-rome tag-catharine-edwards tag-catiline tag-cicero tag-julius-caesar tag-mark-antony tag-phliosophy tag-roman-politicians tag-roman-senator" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1243					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1244						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1245					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1246			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1247						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1248				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1249					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>Cicero&#8217;s Tongue</i></h3>				</div>
1250				</div>
1251				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1252						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1253					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1254			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1255						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1256				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1257															<img loading="lazy" width="762" height="1024" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-762x1024.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-12075" alt="M.T. Cicero bust copy by Bertel Thorvaldsen" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-762x1024.jpg 762w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-223x300.jpg 223w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero-768x1032.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Cicero.jpg 960w" sizes="(max-width: 762px) 100vw, 762px" />															</div>
1258				</div>
1259					</div>
1260		</div>
1261				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1262			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1263						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a7349af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="a7349af" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1264				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1265					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Catharine Edwards</h4>				</div>
1266				</div>
1267		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Catharine Edwards</div><div class="post-description">When the Roman statesman Cicero was murdered in 43 BCE, his head was cut off, and <em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
1268				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1269					<div class="ekit-wid-con" >		<div class="ekit-btn-wraper">
1270							<a href="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/historical-figures/featured-excerpt-ciceros-tongue/" aria-label="Read the article" class="elementskit-btn  whitespace--normal" id="">
1271					Read the article				</a>
1272					</div>
1273        </div>				</div>
1274				</div>
1275					</div>
1276		</div>
1277					</div>
1278		</section>
1279					</div>
1280		</div>
1281					</div>
1282		</section>
1283				</div>
1284				<div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="8272" class="elementor elementor-8272 e-loop-item e-loop-item-11997 post-11997 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-cultural-history category-world-history tag-3030 tag-43 tag-alexander tag-alexander-the-great tag-bill-oreilly tag-catharine-edwards tag-cicero tag-cuba tag-edmund-richardson tag-fidel-castro tag-jim-crow-south tag-josh-hammer tag-keri-leigh-merritt tag-september-11 tag-siddharth-kara tag-slave-ship tag-the-zorg" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1">
1285					<section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b91a91d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="b91a91d" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1286						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1287					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96b8439" data-id="96b8439" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1288			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1289						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e656432 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e656432" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default">
1290				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1291					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">New Books Hitting the Shelves This September!</h3>				</div>
1292				</div>
1293				<section class="elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7ac49a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="a7ac49a" data-element_type="section" data-e-type="section">
1294						<div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default">
1295					<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-03d9948" data-id="03d9948" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1296			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1297						<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-be00363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="be00363" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" aria-label="Test label" data-widget_type="image.default">
1298				<div class="elementor-widget-container">
1299															<img loading="lazy" width="560" height="350" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-11998" alt="The History Reader: Upcoming Books September 2026" srcset="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR.png 560w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/September-2026-THR-300x188.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 560px) 100v
1299w, 560px" />															</div>
1300				</div>
1301					</div>
1302		</div>
1303				<div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-647961b" data-id="647961b" data-element_type="column" data-e-type="column">
1304			<div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated">
1305				<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-description">From the classical age of Alexander the Great and Roman statesman Cicero to the United States <em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em><em></em></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
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1329					<h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Featured Excerpt: <i>The Everest Mystery</i></h3>				</div>
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133700x300.jpg 200w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/jochen3-scaled.jpg 1706w" sizes="(max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px" />															</div>
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1345					<h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</h4>				</div>
1346				</div>
1347		<div class="post-excerpt-element"><div class="post-author">by Julie Summers and Jochen Hemmleb</div><div class="post-description"><em> Did George Mallory and Sandy Irvine make the summit of Mt. Everest on June 8, 1924, </em><em></em><i></i><em></em><em></em><em></em><i></i><i></i></div></div>		<div class="elementor-element elementor-element-68b28cd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-button" data-id="68b28cd" data-element_type="widget" data-e-type="widget" data-widget_type="elementskit-button.default">
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1520					<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook-f elementor-animation-grow elementor-repeater-item-2b5f801" href="https://www.facebook.com/TheHistoryReader" target="_blank" aria-label="opens in new window facebook-f">
1521						<span class="elementor-screen-only">Facebook</span>
1522						<svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook-f" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z"></path></svg>					</a>
1523				</span>
1524							<span class="elementor-grid-item" role="listitem">
1525					<a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-animation-grow elementor-repeater-item-a951d64" href="https://twitter.com/history_reads" target="_blank" aria-label="opens in new window twitter">
1526						<span class="elementor-screen-only">Twitter</span>
1527						<svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path></svg>					</a>
1528				</span>
1529					</div>
1530						</div>
1531				</div>
1532					</div>
1533		</div>
1534					</div>
1535		</section>
1536				</footer>
1537		
1538<script type="speculationrules">
1539{"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["/wp-*.php","/wp-admin/*","/wp-content/uploads/*","/wp-content/*","/wp-content/plugins/*","/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/*","/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/*","/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]}
1540</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1540
1540
1541<script>
1542	if (window.jQuery) {
1543		jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
1544			jQuery(window).load(function(event) {
1545
1546				jQuery('i[class*=fa-]').each(function() {
1547
1548					if ((jQuery(this).attr('title') === undefined || jQuery(this).attr('title') ===
1549							'') &&
1550						(jQuery(this).attr('aria-label') === undefined || jQuery(this).attr(
1551							'aria-label') === '') && jQuery(this).is(':empty')) {
1552						jQuery(this).attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1553					}
1554				});
1555
1556			});
1557		});
1558	}
1559</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1559
1559
1560<script>
1561	//autocorrect flexslider_carousel_autocorrect -- do not remove.
1562	if (window.jQuery) {
1563
1564		jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
1565
1566			if (jQuery(".flexslider").length) {
1567
1568				// listener to allow navigation with space bar.
1569				jQuery('.flex-control-nav,.flex-direction-nav').find('a').keydown(function(e) {
1570
1571					if (e.keyCode == 32) {
1572						e.preventDefault()
1573						jQuery(this).trigger('click');
1574					}
1575				});
1576
1577				setTimeout(function() {
1578
1579					jQuery(".flexslider").each(function() {
1580
1581						// add region role and label to wrapper.
1582						jQuery(this).attr('role', 'region');
1583						jQuery(this).attr('aria-label',
1584							'image carousel'
1585						);
1586
1587
1588						// add navigation role and label to slider navigation.
1589						jQuery(this).find(".flex-control-nav").attr('role', 'navigation');
1590						jQuery(this).find(".flex-control-nav").attr('aria-label',
1591							'previous and next navigation'
1592						);
1593						jQuery(this).find(".flex-control-nav").attr('aria-label',
1594							'pagination'
1595						);
1596
1597						jQuery(this).find('.flex-control-nav,.flex-direction-nav').find('a').attr(
1598							'role', 'button');
1599
1600
1601						// define slider instance.
1602						const wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel = jQuery(this),
1603							wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance = wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel
1604							.data('flexslider');
1605
1606
1607						// move previous and next navigation buttons before slides.
1608						jQuery(this).prepend(jQuery(this).find(".flex-control-paging").detach());
1609						jQuery(this).prepend(jQuery(this).find(".flex-pauseplay").detach());
1610						jQuery(".flex-pauseplay").addClass("wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause");
1611						jQuery(".flex-pauseplay").attr("aria-live", 'off');
1612						jQuery(".flex-pauseplay a").attr("aria-hidden", 'true');
1613						jQuery(".flex-pauseplay a").attr("tabindex", '-1');
1614
1615
1616						// add markings and label slides.
1617						var totalslides = 0;
1618						var slidenumber = 1;
1619						totalslides = jQuery(this).find('.slides li').length;
1620						jQuery(this).find('.slides li').each(function(key, slide) {
1621
1622							// remove aria-live from parent.
1623							jQuery(slide).parent().removeAttr('aria-live');
1624
1625							if (slidenumber < totalslides) slidenumber++;
1626							else slidenumber = 1;
1627
1628							jQuery(slide).attr('aria-label',
1629								'slide ' +
1630								slidenumber +
1631								' of ' +
1632								totalslides);
1633
1634							jQuery(slide).attr('role', 'group');
1635
1636							var alttext = '';
1637							// move alt text to link and hide image to alt text from being read multiple times.
1638							if (jQuery(slide).find('a').length > 0 && jQuery(slide).find(
1639									'img').length > 0) {
1640								alttext = jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('alt');
1641
1642								if (jQuery(slide).find('a').html().search(
1643										'<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext +
1644										'</span>') === -1 && alttext != '')
1645									jQuery(slide).find('a').append(
1646										'<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext +
1647										'</span>');
1648								jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1649							}
1650
1651
1652							// add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden.
1653							if (jQuery(slide).hasClass('flex-active-slide')) {
1654								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'true');
1655								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'false');
1656								if (typeof(wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance) !==
1657									"undefined" && wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance
1658									.started !== true) {
1659									jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'polite');
1660								} else {
1661									jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off');
1662								}
1663								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true');
1664								jQuery(slide).find('a').removeAttr('tabindex');
1665							} else {
1666								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1667								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'false');
1668								if (typeof(wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance) !==
1669									"undefined" && wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance
1670									.started !== true) {
1671									jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'polite');
1672								} else {
1673									jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off');
1674								}
1675								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true');
1676								jQuery(slide).find('a').attr('tabindex', '-1');
1677							}
1678
1679						});
1680
1681						// add labels to navigation.
1682						jQuery(this).find('.flex-control-paging li').each(function(key, carousel) {
1683							slidenumber = jQuery(carousel).find('a').html();
1684							jQuery(carousel).find('a').attr('aria-label',
1685								'Go to slide ' +
1686								slidenumber);
1687						});
1688
1689						// monitor for slide to change and reset aria-hidden and aria-current values.
1690						if (typeof(wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance) !== "undefined") {
1691
1692							wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.on('DOMSubtreeModified', function(
1693								current, previous) {
1694
1695								if (wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.stopped === true) {
1696
1697									setTimeout(function() {
1698
1699										// add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden.
1700										jQuery(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel)
1701											.find('.slides li').each(function(key,
1702												slide) {
1703
1704												if (jQuery(slide).hasClass(
1705														'flex-active-slide')) {
1706
1707													jQuery(slide).attr(
1708														'aria-current',
1709														'true');
1710													jQuery(slide).attr(
1711														'aria-hidden',
1712														'false');
1713
1714													jQuery(slide).find('a')
1715														.removeAttr(
1716															'tabindex');
1717												} else {
1718
1719													jQuery(slide).attr(
1720														'aria-hidden',
1721														'true');
1722													jQuery(slide).attr(
1723														'aria-current',
1724														'false');
1725													jQuery(slide).find('a')
1726														.attr('tabindex',
1727															'-1');
1728													jQuery(slide).attr(
1729														'aria-live', 'off');
1730												}
1731
1732											});
1733
1734									}, 500);
1735								}
1736							});
1737						}
1738
1739					});
1740
1741
1742				}, 1500);
1743
1744
1745				// add pause slider when user interacts with slide.
1746				jQuery("body").on("click", ".flex-control-nav a, .flex-direction-nav a", function(event) {
1747					jQuery(this).parents('.flexslider').data('flexslider').stop();
1748					jQuery(this).parents('.flexslider').find(".flex-pause").trigger('click');
1749					jQuery(this).parents('.flexslider').find('.slides li').attr('aria-live', 'polite');
1750
1751
1752				});
1753
1754			}
1755		});
1756	}
1757</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1757
1757
1758<script>
1759	//autocorrect owl_carousel_autocorrect -- do not remove.
1760	if (window.jQuery) {
1761
1762		jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
1763
1764			if (jQuery(".owl-carousel").length) {
1765
1766				// listener to allow navigation with space bar.
1767				jQuery('.owl-nav,.owl-dots').find('button').keydown(function(e) {
1768
1769					if (e.keyCode == 32) {
1770						e.preventDefault()
1771						jQuery(this).trigger('click');
1772					}
1773				});
1774
1775				setTimeout(function() {
1776
1777					jQuery(".owl-carousel").each(function() {
1778
1779						// add region role and label to wrapper.
1780						jQuery(this).attr('role', 'region');
1781						jQuery(this).attr('aria-label',
1782							'image carousel'
1783						);
1784
1785
1786						// add navigation role and label to slider navigation.
1787						jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").attr('role', 'navigation');
1788						jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav button").removeAttr('role');
1789						jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").attr('aria-label',
1790							'previous and next navigation'
1791						);
1792						jQuery(this).find(".owl-dots").attr('aria-label',
1793							'pagination'
1794						);
1795
1796						// move previous and next navigation buttons before slides.
1797						jQuery(this).prepend(jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav").detach());
1798						jQuery(this).find(".owl-nav button").css('z-index', '20000');
1799
1800						// add pause button.
1801						jQuery(this).prepend(
1802							'<div class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause"><button class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop" aria-label="play" ><i class="fas fa-play"></i> </button><button class="wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start" aria-label="pause"><i class="fas fa-pause"></i></button></div>'
1803						);
1804
1805						if (typeof owl_carousel_autoplay !== 'undefined' &&
1806							owl_carousel_autoplay === true) {
1807							jQuery('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').hide();
1808						} else {
1809							jQuery('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').hide();
1810						}
1811
1812						jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("aria-live",
1813							'off');
1814						jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("aria-hidden",
1815							'true');
1816						jQuery(".wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button").attr("tabindex", '-1');
1817
1818
1819						// add markings and label slides.
1820						var totalslides = 0;
1821						var slidenumber = 1;
1822						totalslides = jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').length;
1823						jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').each(function(key, slide) {
1824
1825							if (slidenumber < totalslides) slidenumber++;
1826							else slidenumber = 1;
1827
1828							jQuery(slide).attr('aria-label',
1829								'slide ' +
1830								slidenumber +
1831								' of ' +
1832								totalslides);
1833
1834							jQuery(slide).attr('role', 'group');
1835
1836							var alttext = '';
1837							// move alt text to link and hide image to alt text from being read multiple times.
1838							if (jQuery(slide).find('a').length > 0 && jQuery(slide).find(
1839									'img').length > 0) {
1840								alttext = jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('alt');
1841
1842								if (jQuery(slide).find('a').html().search(
1843										'<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext +
1844										'</span>') === -1 && alttext != '')
1845									jQuery(slide).find('a').append(
1846										'<span class="screen-reader-text">' + alttext +
1847										'</span>');
1848								jQuery(slide).find('img').attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1849							}
1850
1851
1852							// add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden.
1853							if (jQuery(slide).hasClass('active')) {
1854								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'true');
1855								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'false');
1856								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off');
1857								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true');
1858								jQuery(slide).find('a').removeAttr('tabindex');
1859							} else {
1860								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1861								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'false');
1862								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off');
1863								jQuery(slide).attr('aria-atomic', 'true');
1864								jQuery(slide).find('a').attr('tabindex', '-1');
1865							}
1866
1867						});
1868
1869						// add labels to navigation.
1870						jQuery(this).find('.owl-dot').each(function(key, carousel) {
1871							slidenumber = key + 1;
1872							jQuery(carousel).attr('aria-label',
1873								'Go to slide ' +
1874								slidenumber);
1875						});
1876
1877						// monitor for slide to change and reset aria-hidden and aria-current values.
1878						jQuery(this).on('changed.owl.carousel', function(e) {
1879
1880							// don't trigger if not manually navigated.
1881							if (owl_navigation_clicked) {
1882								var currentItem = e.item.index;
1883
1884								// add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden.
1885								jQuery(this).find('.owl-item').each(function(key, slide) {
1886									if (key === currentItem) {
1887										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current', 'true');
1888										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'false');
1889
1890										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'polite');
1891
1892										jQuery(slide).find('a').removeAttr(
1893											'tabindex');
1894									} else {
1895										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1896										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-current',
1897											'false');
1898										jQuery(slide).find('a').attr('tabindex',
1899											'-1');
1900										jQuery(slide).attr('aria-live', 'off');
1901									}
1902								});
1903							}
1904						});
1905
1906
1907
1908					});
1909
1910
1911				}, 1500);
1912
1913				// update manual navigation variable.
1914				var owl_navigation_clicked = false;
1915				jQuery("body").on("click", ".owl-dot, .owl-nav button", function(event) {
1916					owl_navigation_clicked = true;
1917					console.log(owl_navigation_clicked);
1918				});
1919
1920				// activate pause play controls.
1921				jQuery("body").on('click', '.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-pause button', function(eve) {
1922					if (jQuery(this).hasClass('wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop')) {
1923						jQuery(this).parent().trigger('play.owl.autoplay', 1000);
1924						console.log('started');
1925						jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').hide();
1926						jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').show();
1927					} else {
1928						jQuery(this).parent().trigger('stop.owl.autoplay');
1929						console.log('paused');
1930						jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-start').hide();
1931						jQuery(this).parent().find('.wp-ada-compliance-carousel-stop').show();
1932
1933					}
1934				});
1935
1936			}
1937
1938		});
1939	}
1940</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 1940
1940
1941<script>
1942	//autocorrect elementor_carousel_autocorrect -- do not remove.
1943	if (window.jQuery) {
1944		jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
1945
1946
1947			if ($(".elementor-widget-image-carousel").length) {
1948
1949				setTimeout(function() {
1950
1951					// add region role and label to wrapper.
1952					if ($(".elementor-widget-image-carousel").length) {
1953						$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").attr('role', 'region');
1954						$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").append(
1955							'<span class="wp-ada-compliance-img-carousel-alt screen-reader-text" aria-live="polite"></span>'
1956						);
1957						$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").attr('aria-label',
1958							'image carousel'
1959						);
1960						$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").find('img').attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1961						$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper").find('img').attr('tabindex', '-1');
1962					};
1963
1964					// if carousel is hidden hide all links and buttons.
1965					$('.elementor-widget-image-carousel,.elementor-widget-image-gallery').each(function(
1966						key, carousel1) {
1967						if ($(carousel1).attr('aria-hidden') === 'true') {
1968							$(carousel1).find(':focusable').attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1969							$(carousel1).find(':focusable').attr('tabindex', '-1');
1970							$(carousel1).find(':focusable').addClass('wp-ada-aria-hidden');
1971						}
1972					});
1973
1974					// hide pagination links from screen readers.
1975					$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").attr('aria-hidden', 'true');
1976					$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").attr('tabindex', '-1');
1977					$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").find('span').attr(
1978						'aria-hidden', 'true');
1979					$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination").find('span').attr('tabindex',
1980						'-1');
1981
1982					// cycle through image carousel and correct issues.
1983					$('.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper').each(function(key, carousel) {
1984
1985						// move previous and next navigation buttons before slides.
1986						$('.elementor-swiper-button').each(function(key, navigation) {
1987							$(".elementor-swiper-button").css('z-index', '20000')
1988							$(carousel).prepend($(carousel).find(
1989								".elementor-swiper-button").detach());
1990						});
1991
1992
1993						// define slider instance.
1994						const wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel = jQuery(this),
1995							wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance = wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel
1996							.data('swiper');
1997
1998
1999						// add group role and label slides.
2000						var totalslides = 0;
2001						var slidenumber = 1;
2002						totalslides = $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find(
2003							'.swiper-slide:not(.swiper-slide-duplicate)').length;
2004						$(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find('.swiper-slide').each(function(key,
2005							carousel) {
2006							slidenumber = $(this).attr('data-swiper-slide-index');
2007							slidenumber++;
2008							$(this).attr('data-slideinfo',
2009								'slide ' +
2010								slidenumber +
2011								' of ' +
2012								totalslides);
2013							$(this).attr('role', 'group');
2014							$(this).attr('aria-label', '');
2015						});
2016
2017						// monitor for slide to change and reset aria-hidden and aria-current values.
2018						if (typeof(wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance) !== "undefined") {
2019							wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.on('slideChange', function(current,
2020								previous) {
2021
2022								if (wp_ada_compliance_swiperInstance.autoplay.running ===
2023									false || $(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).closest(
2024										'.elementor-widget-image-carousel').attr(
2025										'aria-hidden') === 'true') {
2026									setTimeout(function() {
2027
2028										$('.wp-ada-aria-hidden').each(function(key,
2029											slide) {
2030											$(this).attr('aria-hidden',
2031												'true');
2032											$(this).attr('tabindex', '-1');
2033										});
2034
2035
2036										// add current markings and hide images that are not visible using aria-hidden.
2037										$(wp_ada_compliance_imageCarousel).find(
2038											'.swiper-slide').each(function(key,
2039											slide) {
2040											if ($(slide).hasClass(
2041													'swiper-slide-active'
2042												)) {
2043												var alttext = $(slide)
2044													.text();
2045												if ('' === alttext &&
2046													'' !== $(slide).find(
2047														'img').attr('alt')
2048												) {
2049													alttext = $(slide)
2050														.find('img').attr(
2051															'alt');
2052												}
2053												alttext = $(slide).attr(
2054														'data-slideinfo') +
2055													' ' + alttext;
2056												$('.wp-ada-compliance-img-carousel-alt')
2057													.html(alttext);
2058												$(slide).find('a').attr(
2059													'tabindex', '0');
2060											}
2061											$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination")
2062												.find('span').attr(
2063													'aria-hidden', 'true');
2064											$(".elementor-image-carousel-wrapper .swiper-pagination")
2065												.find('span').attr(
2066													'tabindex', '-1');
2067										});
2068									}, 1000);
2069								}
2070							});
2071						}
2072
2073					});
2074
2075				}, 1500);
2076
2077			}
2078		});
2079
2080	}
2081</script>
2081
2082<a href="https://www.wpadacompliance.com" class="screen-reader-text wp-ada-compliance-commttmentlink" title="Click this link to learn more about the WP ADA Compliance plugin.">The owner of this website has made a commitment to accessibility and inclusion, please report any problems that you encounter using the contact form on this website. This site uses the WP ADA Compliance Check plugin to enhance accessibility.</a>
2082<script>
2083	jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ){
2084		var check_buy_empty = false;
2085	jQuery('.elementor-button-wrapper').find('a').each(function() {
2086		       if(jQuery(this).attr('href')==undefined){
2087		       	   var target_btn = jQuery(this).closest('.elementor-widget-button');
2088		       	   jQuery(this).hide();
2089                   jQuery(target_btn).hide();
2090                 }else{
2091					 check_buy_empty = true;
2092				 }
2093                });
2094		if(!check_buy_empty){
2095			jQuery('.elementor-element-8964b6a').hide();
2096		}
2097  });
2098</script>
2098
2099			
2099<script>
2100				( () => {
2101					const lazyloadRunObserver = () => {
2102						const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` );
2103						const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => {
2104							entries.forEach( ( entry ) => {
2105								if ( entry.isIntersecting ) {
2106									let lazyloadBackground = entry.target;
2107									if( lazyloadBackground ) {
2108										lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' );
2109									}
2110									lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target );
2111								}
2112							});
2113						}, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } );
2114						lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => {
2115							lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground );
2116						} );
2117					};
2118					const events = [
2119						'DOMContentLoaded',
2120						'elementor/lazyload/observe',
2121					];
2122					events.forEach( ( event ) => {
2123						document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver );
2124					} );
2125				} )();
2126			</script>
2126
2127			<link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-button-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/button.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
2128<link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=4.0.6' media='all' />
2129<script id="flexy-breadcrumb-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/flexy-breadcrumb/public/js/flexy-breadcrumb-public.js?ver=1.3.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2129
2129
2130<script id="script-name-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor-child/custom_script.js?ver=1.0.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2130
2130
2131<script id="hello-theme-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/assets/js/hello-frontend.js?ver=3.5.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2131
2131
2132<script id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2132
2132
2133<script id="elementor-frontend-modules-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2133
2133
2134<script id="jquery-ui-core-js-before">
2135jQuery.uiBackCompat = true;
2136//# sourceURL=jquery-ui-core-js-before
2137</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2137
2137
2138<script id="jquery-ui-core-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.14.2"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2138
2138
2139<script id="elementor-frontend-js-before">
2140var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnX":"Share on X","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}},
2141"hasCustomBreakpoints":false},"version":"4.2.4","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"e_font_icon_svg":true,"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"e_panel_promotions":true,"theme_builder_v2":true,"hello-theme-header-footer":true,"nested-elements":true,"global_classes_should_enforce_capabilities":true,"e_variables":true,"e_opt_in_v4_page":true,"e_components":true,"e_interactions":true,"e_widget_creation":true,"import-export-customization":true,"e_pro_atomic_form":true,"e_pro_collection_loop":true,"mega-menu":true,"e_pro_variables":true,"e_pro_interactions":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","uploadUrl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/uploads"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"4d8afb87cf","atomicFormsSendForm":"03a0eed922"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description","hello_header_logo_type":"logo","hello_header_menu_layout":"horizontal","hello_footer_logo_type":"logo"},"post":{"id":0,"title":"World History Archives - The History Reader : The History Reader","excerpt":""}};
2142//# sourceURL=elementor-frontend-js-before
2143</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2143
2143
2144<script id="elementor-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.2.4"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2144
2144
2145<script id="ekit-menu-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/nav-menu.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2145
2145
2146<script id="ekit-core-js-extra">
2147var ekit_config = {"ajaxurl":"https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"7600762fd9","i18n":{"video_frame":"Video player","close":"Close","slider_prev":"Previous slide","slider_next":"Next slide","slider_first":"This is the first slide","slider_last":"This is the last slide","slider_bullet":"Go to slide {{index}}"}};
2148//# sourceURL=ekit-core-js-extra
2149</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2149
2149
2150<script id="ekit-core-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/core.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2150
2150
2151<script id="ekit-nav-menu-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/nav-menu.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2151
2151
2152<script id="smartmenus-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/smartmenus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.2.1"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2152
2152
2153<script id="imagesloaded-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2153
2153
2154<script id="magnific-popup-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/assets/libs/magnific-popup/jquery.magnific-popup.min.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2154
2154
2155<script id="ekit-header-search-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/header-search.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2155
2155
2156<script id="ekit-header-offcanvas-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widgets/header-offcanvas.js?ver=4.0.6"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2156
2156
2157<script id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2157
2157
2158<script id="wp-hooks-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=f0f188028580e8dc1255"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2158
2158
2159<script id="wp-i18n-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=1dfe7db3940c23ea9216"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2159
2159
2160<script id="wp-i18n-js-after">
2161wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } );
2162//# sourceURL=wp-i18n-js-after
2163</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2163
2163
2164<script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before">
2165var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"3e4e44124a","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-json\/"},"settings":{"lazy_load_background_images":true},"popup":{"hasPopUps":false},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}},
2166"facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/www.thehistoryreader.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}};
2167//# sourceURL=elementor-pro-frontend-js-before
2168</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2168
2168
2169<script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2169
2169
2170<script id="pro-elements-handlers-js" src="https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=4.2.3"></script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2170
2170
2171<script id="wp-emoji-settings" type="application/json">
2172{"baseUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/svg/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=7.1.1"}}
2173</script>
vendor: 1 bytes, line 2173
2173
2174<script type="module">
2175/*! This file is auto-generated */
2176var e="script#wp-emoji-settings",t=document.querySelector(e);if(!(t instanceof HTMLScriptElement))throw new Error("Element missing: "+e);const r=JSON.parse(t.text),s=(window._wpemojiSettings=r,"wpEmojiSettingsSupports"),o=["flag","emoji"];function i(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(s,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function c(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0);const r=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data);return t.every((e,t)=>e===r[t])}function p(e,t){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var n=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1);for(let e=0;e<n.data.length;e++)if(0!==n.data[e])return!1;return!0}function u(e,t,n,r){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf6","\ud83c\udde8\u200b\ud83c\uddf6")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!r(e,"\ud83e\u1fac8")}return!1}function f(e,t,n,r){let a;const s=(a="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):document.createElement("canvas")).getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(e=>{o[e]=t(s,e,n,r)}),o}function a(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,document.head.appendChild(t)}r.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},new Promise(t=>{let n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(s));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(o),u.toString(),c.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"});const a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=e=>{i(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}i(n=f(o,u,c,p))}t(n)}).then(e=>{for(const n in e)r.supports[n]=e[n],r.supports.everything=r.supports.everything&&r.supports[n],"flag"!==n&&(r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&r.supports[n]);var t;r.supports.everythingExceptFlag=r.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!r.supports.flag,r.supports.everything||((t=r.source||{}).concatemoji?a(t.concatemoji):t.wpemoji&&t.twemoji&&(a(t.twemoji),a(t.wpemoji)))});
2177//# sourceURL=https://www.thehistoryreader.com/wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.min.js
2178</script>
2178
2179
2180<script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a440c5edfbcb618d',t:'MTc5MDkxMzM0Mw=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script>
2180</body>
2181</html>

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.