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477        College Free Speech Rankings
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479        This year FIRE and College Pulse surveyed nearly 63,000 students and ranked 261 U.S. colleges and universities. We use real student experiences, university policies, and speech controversies to determine the free speech rankings.
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481        National Speech Index
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483        The National Speech Index tracks free speech sentiments in America. It is a quarterly survey component of America&#039;s Political Pulse from the Polarization Research Lab.
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582        <h1
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588          It was never just going to be about keeping kids off social media
589        </h1>
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600        UK minister promises more ‘policing and regulating’ of internet
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623                                              <li><a href="/about-us/our-team/sarah-mclaughlin" hreflang="en">Sarah McLaughlin</a></li>
624                          </ul>
625          </div>
626        
627        <div class="date-text">
628        <time datetime="2026-10-02T14:14:38Z">October 2, 2026</time>
629
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690        <p dir="ltr">“We shouldn’t accept that this is the end,” Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/sep/30/lisa-nandy-social-media-ban-online-safety-culture-secretary">said</a> this week of the UK’s looming under-16 social media ban. “This is a staging post to what must be a very active interventionist state, policing and regulating the online space so that people are safe.” Next March, the initial&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/sep/30/lisa-nandy-social-media-ban-online-safety-culture-secretary">rollout</a> will begin to keep teens under 16 from using “high-risk” social media apps, and further algorithmic restrictions will later hit those under 18.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">After that, more restrictions will apparently follow. What new “policing and regulating” powers will officials seek?&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">FIRE has&nbsp;<a href="https://expression.fire.org/p/the-papers-please-era-of-the-internet">warned</a> for some time now that the rapidly advancing era of age-gating teens from the internet would bring with it a lot more baggage than just restrictions on kids. For one, it will force&nbsp;<em>adults</em> to participate in a vast identity verification scheme, threatening both privacy and anonymous speech. As I explained earlier, we’re moving toward a “<a href="https://expression.fire.org/p/the-papers-please-era-of-the-internet">papers, please</a>
690” online landscape, where vital venues of public discussion might now only be open to those who are willing to trust tech companies and the third-party verification apps they use with information that can eliminate their anonymity online, and the governments responsible for mandating the collection of that information.</p><article data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2e283619-ee82-4e86-986f-d6805306914f" data-embed-button="node" data-entity-embed-display="view_mode:node.entity_embed" class="align-right embedded-entity" data-langcode="en" data-entity-embed-display-settings="[]"><div class="inner type--node">
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692      
693            <picture loading="lazy" width="640" height="360" class="media">
694                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/640x360/public/2023/09/Social%20Media%20Age%20Verification%20%281%29.jpg.webp?h=d1cb525d&amp;itok=XRBLFHPB 1x" media="(max-width: 767px)" type="image/webp" width="640" height="360">
695              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/833x469/public/2023/09/Social%20Media%20Age%20Verification%20%281%29.jpg.webp?h=d1cb525d&amp;itok=n9Rs-z-O 1x" media="(min-width: 768px)" type="image/webp" width="833" height="469">
696                    <img loading="lazy" width="640" height="360" src="/sites/default/files/styles/640x360/public/2023/09/Social%20Media%20Age%20Verification%20%281%29.jpg.webp?h=d1cb525d&amp;itok=XRBLFHPB" alt="Adolescent child using a mobile device">
697
698  </picture>
699
700
701  
702    </div>
703  
704  <header>
705    <h2 class="title"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">FIRE statement on age-based restrictions on social media access</span>
706</h2>
707        <h3 class="eyebrow"></h3>
708  </header>
709
710  <div class="description">
711    <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
712                    <p></p><p>
713        Lawmakers across the country are advancing legislation intended to protect minors from harms allegedly caused by social media use, but the First Amendment prohibits the government from swinging an ax when a scalpel might suffice. 
714  </p>
715            <p>
716        <a href="/research-learn/fire-statement-age-based-restrictions-social-media-access" class="arrow-link"><span class="inner-text">
717          Read More
718        </span></a>
719      </p>
720    </div>
721  </div>
722</div>
723
724</article><p dir="ltr">But there comes with it another threat, exactly the one Nandy now proudly advocates: The door was never going to just open to under-16 bans. Once legislators and regulatory authorities get their foot in that door, they’re going to see exactly how far they can force it open.</p><p dir="ltr">“If we were in a situation where we were saying our town centres are now so unsafe that we’ve decided that every child is going to have to stay in their bedrooms, people would rightly be up in arms,” Nandy&nbsp;<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/sep/30/lisa-nandy-social-media-ban-online-safety-culture-secretary">said</a>. “How have we got to a point where we’re saying these social media sites are so harmful and dangerous that we cannot conceive of any way of protecting our children except to remove them altogether? This ends now.”</p><p dir="ltr">It’s quite bizarre that Nandy is speaking as if the UK does not&nbsp;<em>already</em> enforce a very “active” policing of the internet, both via regulatory powers and criminal law. Thousands are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.economist.com/britain/2025/05/15/britains-police-are-restricting-speech-in-worrying-wayshttps://www.economist.com/britain/2025/05/15/britains-police-are-restricting-speech-in-worrying-ways">arrested</a> annually by police for their social media posts under broad laws targeting “grossly offensive” or “indecent” communications.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Alongside this aggressive policing of speech, British regulators have recently amassed increasing power to target speech and platforms under the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/online-safety-act-explainer/online-safety-act-explainer">Online Safety Act</a>, which “protects children and adults online.” Platforms that fail to take appropriate action under the Act face fines up to £18 million or 10% of their qualifying worldwide revenue, whichever is greater. And platforms are not only required to take down illegal content when flagged, but must “think about how they design their sites to reduce the likelihood of them being used” to host such illegal content. The kind of “illegal content” the regulator Ofcom polices doesn’t just include fraud or drug sales, but “hate” and “terrorism” too — two concepts which the UK interprets&nbsp;<a href="https://www.hampshire-pcc.gov.uk/police-and-crime-commissioner-donna-jones-responds-to-video-published-on-twitter-involving-hampshire-police-officers-regarding-alleged-hate-crime?">very</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/palestine-action-protest-labour-party-conference-arrests-b3057123.html">very broadly</a>.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Earlier this summer, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport also&nbsp;<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/plans-for-prominence-of-trusted-news-sources-on-social-media-alongside-measures-to-reform-public-service-media-in-the-uk">released</a> plans to potentially require social media platforms to augment their algorithms to ensure government-approved sources like the BBC are “more likely to be at the top of people’s social media feeds when they search for news.” Nandy said of the proposal, “It is vital that we make sure that people have better access to trusted and accurate news and that our regulated public service media is seen and heard in the fierce battle against mis and disinformation.”</p><p dir="ltr">If this level of input and power over online speech, along with a new under-16 ban, is only the beginning of the UK’s “active interventionist state,” it’s hard to imagine where it will go next.</p><p dir="ltr">Alarmingly, it’s not just in the UK where officials are making clear that they aren’t content to employ existing speech laws against online expression or regulate only how children interact with social media. Just look at Turkey, where officials are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.fire.org/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/its-end-internet-anonymity-we-know-it-and-i-dont-feel-fine">threatening</a> new requirements that people link a national ID number to their social media accounts so the government can easily identify speakers. Or Germany, where Chancellor Friedrich Merz is once again&nbsp;<a href="https://dig.watch/updates/german-chancellor-friedrich-merz-faces-criticism">pushing</a> for a “real name” rule for social media users and swatting down objections that it would pose a threat to free speech.</p><p dir="ltr">We are in a new era of regulating who can speak online, and how. And it was never just going to end with kids.</p>
725  
726      </div>
727</article>
728
729
730  
731
732      <article class="tag-list" data-collapsible-vspace="true" data-bg-color-top="white" data-bg-color-btm="white">
733  <div class="inner">
734    <ul class="list">
735              <li><a href="/news-archive?topic=51">Free Speech Abroad</a></li>
736              <li><a href="/news-archive?topic=47">Social Media</a></li>
737          </ul>
738  </div>
739</article>
740
741    
742  
743  
744
745
746  
747
748<article data-red-angle="left" class="card-grid" data-animation="custom" data-bg-color-top="white" data-bg-color-btm="white" data-collapsible-vspace="true" data-hash-lines="top-right" data-desktop-layout="large-four-up">
749  <div class="inner">
750    <header class="intro">
751                    <h2
752          class="title"
753          data-animation-duration="300"
754          data-animation="fadeInUp"
755          data-animation-delay="500"
756        >
757          Recent Articles
758        </h2>
759      
760            
761                    <div
762          class="description"
763          data-animation-duration="300"
764          data-animation="fadeInUp"
765          data-animation-delay="700"
766        >
767          <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
768            <p>Get the latest free speech news and analysis from FIRE.</p>
769          </div>
770        </div>
771          </header>
772
773    <div class="cards">
774              <article
775          class="card js-link-event"
776          data-animation="custom"
777        >
778                    <div class="media-outer" data-animation="custom">
779                          
780            <picture loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" class="media">
781                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/media/images/podcasts/560dc1e4-69e6-4fec-9ad4-423606d17004.png.webp?h=9e16a70f&amp;itok=geAGP08E 1x" media="(min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="334" height="250"/>
782              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/534x400/public/media/images/podcasts/560dc1e4-69e6-4fec-9ad4-423606d17004.png.webp?h=9e16a70f&amp;itok=siVIKhuU 1x" media="(min-width: 1200px), (max-width: 500px)" type="image/webp" width="534" height="400"/>
783                    <img loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/media/images/podcasts/560dc1e4-69e6-4fec-9ad4-423606d17004.png.webp?h=9e16a70f&amp;itok=geAGP08E" alt="Venezuela is a cautionary tale w/ Jim Epstein and Germania Rodriguez Poleo">
784
785  </picture>
786
787
788  
789                      </div>
790
791          <div
792            class="text"
793            data-animation-duration="900"
794            data-animation="fadeIn"
795            data-animation-delay="200"
796          >
797            <header>
798                            <h4 class="title">
799              <a href="/news/podcasts/so-speak-free-speech-podcast/venezuela-cautionary-tale-w-jim-epstein-and-germania" class="js-link-event-link">                Venezuela is a cautionary tale w/ Jim Epstein and Germania Rodriguez Poleo
800              </a>              </h4>
801
802                                            <div class="date-text">
803        <time datetime="2026-10-07T09:40:00Z">October 7, 2026</time>
804
805  </div>
806              
807                                            <h5 class="eyebrow">Podcast</h5>
808                          </header>
809
810                                      <div class="description">
811                <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
812                  
813        For more than half a century, Radio Caracas
814Television, or RCTV, broadcast news, sports, comedies, and
815telenovelas in Venezuela...
816  
817                </div>
818              </div>
819            
820                                  </div>
821        </article>
822                      <article
823          class="card js-link-event"
824          data-animation="custom"
825        >
826                    <div class="media-outer" data-animation="custom">
827                          
828            <picture loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" class="media">
829                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/07/Stacey%20Bohlinger%20A7402700.jpg.webp?h=c6980913&amp;itok=1doyByQ1 1x" media="(min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="334" height="250"/>
830              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/534x400/public/2026/07/Stacey%20Bohlinger%20A7402700.jpg.webp?h=c6980913&amp;itok=MzsgxNnO 1x" media="(min-width: 1200px), (max-width: 500px)" type="image/webp" width="534" height="400"/>
831                    <img loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/07/Stacey%20Bohlinger%20A7402700.jpg.webp?h=c6980913&amp;itok=1doyByQ1" alt="Stacey Segarra-Bohlinger">
832
833  </picture>
834
835
836  
837                      </div>
838
839          <div
840            class="text"
841            data-animation-duration="900"
842            data-animation="fadeIn"
843            data-animation-delay="250"
844          >
845            <header>
846                            <h4 class="title">
847              <a href="/news/fire-sues-los-angeles-city-council-over-policy-banning-certain-words-during-public-comment" class="js-link-event-link">                FIRE sues Los Angeles City Council over policy banning certain words during public comment
848              </a>              </h4>
849
850                                            <div class="date-text">
851        <time datetime="2026-10-06T12:33:34Z">October 6, 2026</time>
852
853  </div>
854              
855                                        </header>
856
857                                      <div class="description">
858                <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
859                  A pair of free speech groups filed a lawsuit on behalf of a Los Angeles resident against the city council after it banned certain words during public meetings, a violation of the First Amendment.
860                </div>
861              </div>
862            
863                                  </div>
864        </article>
865                      <article
866          class="card js-link-event"
867          data-animation="custom"
868        >
869                    <div class="media-outer" data-animation="custom">
870                          
871            <picture loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" class="media">
872                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/09/Black_Jesus_Welc
872omes.jpg.webp?h=37a41a86&amp;itok=PbE465xr 1x" media="(min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="334" height="250"/>
873              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/534x400/public/2026/09/Black_Jesus_Welcomes.jpg.webp?h=37a41a86&amp;itok=jjIkv2v3 1x" media="(min-width: 1200px), (max-width: 500px)" type="image/webp" width="534" height="400"/>
874                    <img loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/09/Black_Jesus_Welcomes.jpg.webp?h=37a41a86&amp;itok=PbE465xr" alt="black Jesus">
875
876  </picture>
877
878
879  
880                      </div>
881
882          <div
883            class="text"
884            data-animation-duration="900"
885            data-animation="fadeIn"
886            data-animation-delay="300"
887          >
888            <header>
889                            <h4 class="title">
890              <a href="/news/pepperdine-banned-professor-who-taught-about-black-jesus" class="js-link-event-link">                Pepperdine banned a professor who taught about a black Jesus
891              </a>              </h4>
892
893                                            <div class="date-text">
894        <time datetime="2026-09-30T12:34:00Z">September 30, 2026</time>
895
896  </div>
897              
898                                        </header>
899
900                                      <div class="description">
901                <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
902                  Pepperdine promises professors freedom to teach controversial ideas and vigorously debate colleagues. Christina Littlefield is testing that promise.
903                </div>
904              </div>
905            
906                                  </div>
907        </article>
908                      <article
909          class="card js-link-event"
910          data-animation="custom"
911        >
912                    <div class="media-outer" data-animation="custom">
913                          
914            <picture loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" class="media">
915                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/09/ChatGPT%20Image%20Sep%2029%2C%202026%2C%2012_50_11%20PM.png.webp?h=3d46a77d&amp;itok=SCi2JatN 1x" media="(min-width: 500px) and (max-width: 1200px)" type="image/webp" width="334" height="250"/>
916              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/534x400/public/2026/09/ChatGPT%20Image%20Sep%2029%2C%202026%2C%2012_50_11%20PM.png.webp?h=3d46a77d&amp;itok=jVgS788r 1x" media="(min-width: 1200px), (max-width: 500px)" type="image/webp" width="534" height="400"/>
917                    <img loading="lazy" width="334" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/styles/334x250/public/2026/09/ChatGPT%20Image%20Sep%2029%2C%202026%2C%2012_50_11%20PM.png.webp?h=3d46a77d&amp;itok=SCi2JatN" alt="Front view of the Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) Department of Education Building, the Education Department (ED) headquarters in Washington, DC. (Image via Shutterstock.com)">
918
919  </picture>
920
921
922  
923                      </div>
924
925          <div
926            class="text"
927            data-animation-duration="900"
928            data-animation="fadeIn"
929            data-animation-delay="350"
930          >
931            <header>
932                            <h4 class="title">
933              <a href="/news/biden-era-title-ix-rule-was-already-dead-now-its-books" class="js-link-event-link">                The Biden-era Title IX rule was already dead. Now it’s off the books. 
934              </a>              </h4>
935
936                                            <div class="date-text">
937        <time datetime="2026-09-29T12:52:35Z">September 29, 2026</time>
938
939  </div>
940              
941                                        </header>
942
943                                      <div class="description">
944                <div class="inner wysiwyg-content">
945                  FIRE warned that the Education Department&#039;s proposed Title IX changes would violate the First Amendment and gut fair campus disciplinary hearings.
946                </div>
947              </div>
948            
949                                  </div>
950        </article>
951                  </div>
952  </div>
953
954        <div class="bg-accent-angle top" aria-hidden="true">
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957  <rect class="path-btm" x="-137.12" y="237.24" width="787.51" height="16" transform="translate(-97.61 267.87) rotate(-47.35)"/>
958</svg>    </div>
959    <div class="bg-accent-angle btm" aria-hidden="true">
960      <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="svg-angle-segments left" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMax slice">
961  <rect class="path-top" x="246.97" y="-148.51" width="16" height="787.51" transform="translate(-98.72 237.58) rotate(-42.65)" />
962  <rect class="path-btm" x="-137.12" y="237.24" width="787.51" height="16" transform="translate(-97.61 267.87) rotate(-47.35)"/>
963</svg>    </div>
964  
965</article>
966
967
968<article
969  class="text-grid"
970  data-bg-color-top="white"
971  data-bg-color-btm="white"
972  data-collapsible-vspace="true"
973  data-hash-lines=""
974  data-has-watermark="true"
975  data-animation="custom"
976>
977  <div class="inner">
978              <header class="intro">
979        <h2
980          class="title"
981          data-animation-duration="300"
982          data-animation="fadeInUp"
983          data-animation-delay="500"
984        >
985          Related Articles
986        </h2>
987      </header>
988    
989    <div class="items">
990              <article
991          class="item js-link-event"
992          data-animation-duration="900"
993          data-animation="fadeIn"
994          data-animation-delay="200"
995        >
996          <header class="text">
997                        <h3 class="title">
998              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/australias-top-bureaucrats-want-protection-harmful-social-media" class="js-link-event-link">
999                Australia’s top bureaucrats want protection from ‘harmful’ social media videos
1000              </a>
1001            </h3>
1002
1003                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1004        Analysis
1005  </h4>
1006                      </header>
1007        </article>
1008                      <article
1009          class="item js-link-event"
1010          data-animation-duration="900"
1011          data-animation="fadeIn"
1012          data-animation-delay="250"
1013        >
1014          <header class="text">
1015                        <h3 class="title">
1016              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/foreign-journalists-face-social-media-vetting-us-visas" class="js-link-event-link">
1017                Foreign journalists to face social media vetting for U.S. visas
1018              </a>
1019            </h3>
1020
1021                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1022        Analysis
1023  </h4>
1024                      </header>
1025        </article>
1026                      <article
1027          class="item js-link-event"
1028          data-animation-duration="900"
1029          data-animation="fadeIn"
1030          data-animation-delay="300"
1031        >
1032          <header class="text">
1033                        <h3 class="title">
1034              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/countries-are-hiding-censorship-cybercrime-bills-un-treaty-could" class="js-link-event-link">
1035                Countries are hiding censorship in &#039;cybercrime&#039; bills. A UN treaty could make things worse.
1036              </a>
1037            </h3>
1038
1039                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1040        Analysis
1041  </h4>
1042                      </header>
1043        </article>
1044                      <article
1045          class="item js-link-event"
1046          data-animation-duration="900"
1047          data-animation="fadeIn"
1048          data-animation-delay="350"
1049        >
1050          <header class="text">
1051                        <h3 class="title">
1052              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/australia-targets-telegram-russia-charges-its-founder-terrorism" class="js-link-event-link">
1053                Australia targets Telegram as Russia charges its founder with terrorism
1054              </a>
1055            </h3>
1056
1057                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1058        Analysis
1059  </h4>
1060                      </header>
1061        </article>
1062                      <article
1063          class="item js-link-event"
1064          data-animation-duration="900"
1065          data-animation="fadeIn"
1066          data-animation-delay="400"
1067        >
1068          <header class="text">
1069                        <h3 class="title">
1070              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/crusade-ban-teens-social-media-advancing-across-europe" class="js-link-event-link">
1071                The crusade to ban teens from social media is advancing across Europe
1072              </a>
1073            </h3>
1074
1075                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1076        Analysis
1077  </h4>
1078                      </header>
1079        </article>
1080                      <article
1081          class="item js-link-event"
1082          data-animation-duration="900"
1083          data-animation="fadeIn"
1084          data-animation-delay="450"
1085        >
1086          <header class="text">
1087                        <h3 class="title">
1088              <a href="/news/blogs/free-speech-dispatch/canada-considering-action-against-false-and-misleading-information" class="js-link-event-link">
1089                Canada is considering action against ‘false and misleading information.’ But exactly what action is a mystery.
1090              </a>
1091            </h3>
1092
1093                                      <h4 class="eyebrow">
1094        Analysis
1095  </h4>
1096                      </header>
1097        </article>
1098                  </div>
1099
1100          </div>
1101</article>
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110    </article>
1111  </main>
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