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1035Women have surpassed men in higher education, yet their labor market progress relative to men is widely seen as stalled. We address this apparent contradiction by adopting a cohort perspectiveâsince gender convergence is driven by cohort replacement rather than period effectsâand focusing on early careers (ages 25â34), before parenthood widens the gender gap. Drawing on large-scale national data spanning several decades, we analyze single-year birth cohorts from 1960 to 1998 in France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States across multiple labor market outcomes. Our results show that gender gaps in employment, working hours, and occupational attainment have narrowed substantially in all countries studied. Most importantly, young women have made up considerable ground in total labor income: the gender gap has more than halved between the 1965 and 1995 birth cohorts. Although young women still lag behind young men, particularly mothers, our findings show steady convergence and challenge the narrative of stalled progress.<br /> 1036<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1037<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1038</div> 1039</div> 1040</div> 1041<div class="topLinks"> 1042<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/september/SocSci_v13_1159to1178.pdf" title="Download Oesch" target="_blank">PDF (284 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-44-1159/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-44-1159/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1043<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a44" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1044</div> 1045<p><div id="tabs-58" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1046<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1047<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1048<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1049<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1050</ul> 1051<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1052Women have surpassed men in higher education, yet their labor market progress relative to men is widely seen as stalled. We address this apparent contradiction by adopting a cohort perspectiveâsince gender convergence is driven by cohort replacement rather than period effectsâand focusing on early careers (ages 25â34), before parenthood widens the gender gap. Drawing on large-scale national data spanning several decades, we analyze single-year birth cohorts from 1960 to 1998 in France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States across multiple labor market outcomes. Our results show that gender gaps in employment, working hours, and occupational attainment have narrowed substantially in all countries studied. Most importantly, young women have made up considerable ground in total labor income: the gender gap has more than halved between the 1965 and 1995 birth cohorts. Although young women still lag behind young men, particularly mothers, our findings show steady convergence and challenge the narrative of stalled progress.</p> 1053 1054<table id="tablepress-7" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1055<tbody> 1056<tr class="row-1"> 1057 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1058</tr> 1059</tbody> 1060</table> 1061<!-- #tablepress-7 from cache --> 1062<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1063<div class="tab tab-author-information">Oliver Lipps: FORS, Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences.<br />
1064E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1065<p>Daniel Oesch: LIVES Centre, Géopolis, University of Lausanne.<br /> 1066E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1067<p>Roujman Shahbazian: Uppsala University, Stockholm University.<br /> 1068E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1069<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This article benefited from helpful comments by Fabrizio Bernardi, Guillaume Bornet, Matthias Enggist, Alicia Garcia-Sierra, Michael Grätz, Luis Ortiz, and Gina Westenberger, as well as from participants at the 2025 SLLS Conference in Fribourg, the 2026 Social Demography Seminar Series at UNED Madrid, and the 2026 RC28 Annual Conference in Sevilla.</p> 1070<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1071<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/september/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_1159to1178_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1072<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> The statistical code, documentation, and instructions needed to reproduce all the empirical results reported in this article are publicly available at <a href="https://osf.io/ks4qj" target="_blank">https://osf.io/ks4qj</a>. As our analyses rely on restricted-access microdata, which we are not legally permitted to redistribute, the package contains the full code and step-by-step documentation of how each dataset can be obtained from the respective statistical agencies and data archives (see the Data availability section).<br /> 1073</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1074<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1075<ul> 1076<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Lipps, Oliver, Daniel Oesch, and Roujman Shahbazian. 2026. âNo Stalled Revolution: The Closing Gender Gap in Early Careers in Europe and the United Statesâ Sociological Science 13:1159-1178.</li> 1077<li><strong>Received</strong>: May 31, 2026</li> 1078<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: September 1, 2026</li> 1079<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Bianca Manago</li> 1080<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a44</li> 1081</ul> 1082<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1083<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1084</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1085<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1085</div> 1086<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1087<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-44-1159/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1088</div> 1089 </p> 1090 1091 1092 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1093 <div class="post-more"> 1094 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-44-1159/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1095</article><!-- /.post --> 1096 </div><!--/.block--> 1097 <div class="block last"> 1098 <article class="post-8389 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-high-skilled-migration tag-human-capital-loss tag-international-inequality tag-science-of-science tag-sociology-of-science"> 1099 <header> 1100 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-43-1132/" rel="bookmark" title="Developing Countries Face Falling Circulation Rates and Rising Migration Losses in Science">Developing Countries Face Falling Circulation Rates and Rising Migration Losses in Science</a></h2> </header> 1101 1102<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-09-21T09:00:45-0700">September 21, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1103 <section class="entry"> 1104 1105 <p>Andrew C. Herman, Jens Peter Andersen, Mathias Wullum Nielsen</p> 1106<h6>Sociological Science September 21, 2026<br /> 110710.15195/v13.a43</h6> 1108<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1109<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1110<div class="md-content"> 1111<h3>Abstract</h3> 1112<div> 1113As universities and doctoral training expand in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries, transnational scientific mobility is rising. This trend is often framed as âbrain circulation,â implying a mutual exchange of talent and knowledge to the benefit of all countries involved. We track 12 million scientists over 15 years, stratified by performance, to weigh this view against the prediction from structural dependency theory that expanding scientific capacity in lower-income countries may intensify rather than attenuate the loss of top-performing talent to wealthier countries. Our findings temper the brain circulation account. Circulatory migration rates have declined over time, even as the net losses from migration for LMI countries have risen. Not one of the countries that together produce 90 percent of LMI countriesâ top-cited early-career scientists achieves a net migration gain relative to high-income countries. It has become more difficult for developing countries to offset migratory losses with the spillovers from circulation.<br /> 1114<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1115<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1116</div> 1117</div> 1118</div> 1119<div class="topLinks"> 1120<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/september/SocSci_v13_1132to1158.pdf" title="Download Herman (corrected title)" target="_blank">PDF (341 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-43-1132/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-43-1132/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1121<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a43" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1122</div> 1123<p><div id="tabs-68" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1124<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1125<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1126<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1127<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1128</ul> 1129<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1130As universities and doctoral training expand in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries, transnational scientific mobility is rising. This trend is often framed as âbrain circulation,â implying a mutual exchange of talent and knowledge to the benefit of all countries involved. We track 12 million scientists over 15 years, stratified by performance, to weigh this view against the prediction from structural dependency theory that expanding scientific capacity in lower-income countries may intensify rather than attenuate the loss of top-performing talent to wealthier countries. Our findings temper the brain circulation account. Circulatory migration rates have declined over time, even as the net losses from migration for LMI countries have risen. Not one of the countries that together produce 90 percent of LMI countriesâ top-cited early-career scientists achieves a net migration gain relative to high-income countries. It has become more difficult for developing countries to offset migratory losses with the spillovers from circulation.</p> 1131 1132<table id="tablepress-7-no-2" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1133<tbody> 1134<tr class="row-1"> 1135 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative
1135Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1136</tr> 1137</tbody> 1138</table> 1139<!-- #tablepress-7-no-2 from cache --> 1140<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1141<div class="tab tab-author-information">Andrew C. Herman: Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen.<br /> 1142E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1143<p>Jens Peter Andersen: Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University.<br /> 1144E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1145<p>Mathias Wullum Nielsen: Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen.<br /> 1146E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1147<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> The authors would like to thank Andrés Castro, Charles J. Gomez, Kristian Bernt Karlson, and Vincent Larivière for their feedback on this work. Open access funding provided by Copenhagen University. This project was supported by Carlsbergfondet (Mathias W. Nielsen, CF19-0566), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Mathias W. Nielsen, 3121-00015B; Jens Peter Andersen, 0133-00165B).</p> 1148<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1149<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/september/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_1132to1158_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1150<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> All codes used in conducting this analysis are available at the OSF project repository here: <a href="https://osf.io/tkh2a/">https://osf.io/tkh2a/</a>. Aggregated data are available in the same repository so that plots and analyses can be reproduced. The disaggregated data from the Web of Science as well as the augmented version from the Center for Science and Technology Studies at Leiden University are proprietary and as such cannot be shared.<br /> 1151</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1152<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1153<ul> 1154<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Herman, Andrew C., Jens Peter Andersen, and Mathias Wullum Nielsen. 2026. âDeveloping Countries Face Falling Circulation Rates and Rising Migration Losses in Scienceâ Sociological Science 13: 1132-1158.</li> 1155<li><strong>Received</strong>: June 2, 2026</li> 1156<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: July 31, 2026</li> 1157<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Stephen Vaisey, Herman van de Werfhorst</li> 1158<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a43</li> 1159</ul> 1160<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1161<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1162</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1163<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1163</div> 1164<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1165<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-43-1132/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1166</div> 1167 </p> 1168 1169 1170 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1171 <div class="post-more"> 1172 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-43-1132/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1173</article><!-- /.post --> 1174 </div><!--/.block--> 1175<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1176 <article class="post-8379 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-ethnic-conflict tag-ethnic-power-relations tag-natural-resources tag-political-exclusion tag-resource-curse"> 1177 <header> 1178 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-42-1107/" rel="bookmark" title="Ethnopolitical Exclusion and Resource Conflict">Ethnopolitical Exclusion and Resource Conflict</a></h2> </header> 1179 1180<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-09-14T09:00:35-0700">September 14, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1181 <section class="entry"> 1182 1183 <p>Wali Reheman</p> 1184<h6>Sociological Science September 14, 2026<br /> 118510.15195/v13.a42</h6> 1186<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1187<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1188<div class="md-content"> 1189<h3>Abstract</h3> 1190<div> 1191Why do natural resources fuel ethnic conflict in some ethnic homelands but not others? This article argues that the answer turns on the boundary between active discrimination and passive powerlessness. Among excluded groups, lootable resources raise conflict risk only where the state actively discriminates, not where groups are merely powerless; among included groups, the same resources predict lower risk. No rival account reproduces this positive/null/negative gradient. The boundary governs whether these groups fight, not what they fight over: petroleum pushes discriminated and powerless groups alike toward territorial conflict, wherever the oil sits. Two-way fixed-effects estimates on 859 ethnic groups in 150 countries (1960â2020) establish both patterns. The conflict-generating mechanism thus lies between a group and its state, so country-level resource-curse measures, averaged across the nation, can miss the within-country boundary that actually divides conflict from peace.<br /> 1192<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1193<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1194</div> 1195</div> 1196</div> 1197<div class="topLinks"> 1198<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/september/SocSci_v13_1107to1131.pdf" title="Download Reheman" target="_blank">PDF (267 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-42-1107/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-42-1107/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1199<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a42" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1200</div> 1201<p><div id="tabs-63" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1202<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1203<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1204<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1205<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1206</ul> 1207<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1208Why do natural resources fuel ethnic conflict in some ethnic homelands but not others? This article argues that the answer turns on the boundary between active discrimination and passive powerlessness. Among excluded groups, lootable resources raise conflict risk only where the state actively discriminates, not where groups are merely powerless; among included groups, the same resources predict lower risk. No rival account reproduces this positive/null/negative gradient. The boundary governs whether these groups fight, not what they fight over: petroleum pushes discriminated and powerless groups alike toward territorial conflict, wherever the oil sits. Two-way fixed-effects estimates on 859 ethnic groups in 150 countries (1960â2020) establish both patterns. The conflict-generating mechanism thus lies between a group and its state, so country-level resource-curse measures, averaged across the nation, can miss the within-country boundary that actually divi
1208des conflict from peace.</p> 1209 1210<table id="tablepress-7-no-3" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1211<tbody> 1212<tr class="row-1"> 1213 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1214</tr> 1215</tbody> 1216</table> 1217<!-- #tablepress-7-no-3 from cache --> 1218<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1219<div class="tab tab-author-information">Wali Reheman: Department of Government, American University.<br /> 1220E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1221<p><strong>Conflict of Interest:</strong> I declare no conflicts of interest and received no external funding for this research.</p> 1222<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1223<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> All data, code, and documentation necessary to reproduce every empirical result in this article are openly available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S28Y4" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S28Y4</a><br /> 1224</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1225<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1226<ul> 1227<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Reheman, Wali. 2026. âEthnopolitical Exclusion and Resource Conflictâ Sociological Science 13: 1107-1131.</li> 1228<li><strong>Received</strong>: May 13, 2026</li> 1229<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: July 29, 2026</li> 1230<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Peter Bearman</li> 1231<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a42</li> 1232</ul> 1233<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1234<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1235</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1236<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1236</div> 1237<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1238<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-42-1107/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1239</div> 1240 </p> 1241 1242 1243 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1244 <div class="post-more"> 1245 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-42-1107/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1246</article><!-- /.post --> 1247 </div><!--/.block--> 1248 <div class="block last"> 1249 <article class="post-8363 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-china tag-labor-process tag-overwork tag-social-class tag-wage-inequality tag-working-time"> 1250 <header> 1251 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-41-1079/" rel="bookmark" title="Overwork Without Premium: The Persistent Class Gradient of Long Hours in China, 2006â2023">Overwork Without Premium: The Persistent Class Gradient of Long Hours in China, 2006â2023</a></h2> </header> 1252 1253<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-31T09:00:10-0700">August 31, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1254 <section class="entry"> 1255 1256 <p>Chen Ouyang</p> 1257<h6>Sociological Science August 31, 2026<br /> 125810.15195/v13.a41</h6> 1259<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1260<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1261<div class="md-content"> 1262<h3>Abstract</h3> 1263<div> 1264In the United States, overwork migrated up the class structure, and its hourly wage association turned from penalty to premium in aggregate estimates. The â996â controversy suggests China is replaying this elitization. I test both with 11 waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (2006â2023; 36,282 nonfarm workers), using wave-specific, subperiod, and full-period estimates. Neither is supported as a broad, durable pattern. Overwork stays concentrated among manual, service, and self-employed workers; a post-2015 rebound was not disproportionately professionalâmanual workers rose at least as muchâand was not detectably sustained in 2023. Overwork does not pay: overworkers log two-thirds more hours than comparable workers yet earn no more annually, and the hourly penaltyâdeepest for blue-collar employeesânarrowed partially after 2010 and remained negative in every wave. State-sector employment is associated with lower overwork throughout. Elitized overwork appears institution-dependent; the sample instead shows a non-elite overwork configuration.<br /> 1265<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1266<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1267</div> 1268</div> 1269</div> 1270<div class="topLinks"> 1271<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_1079to1106.pdf" title="Download Ouyang" target="_blank">PDF (709 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-41-1079/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-41-1079/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1272<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a41" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1273</div> 1274<p><div id="tabs-52" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1275<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1276<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1277<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1278<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1279</ul> 1280<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1281In the United States, overwork migrated up the class structure, and its hourly wage association turned from penalty to premium in aggregate estimates. The â996â controversy suggests China is replaying this elitization. I test both with 11 waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (2006â2023; 36,282 nonfarm workers), using wave-specific, subperiod, and full-period estimates. Neither is supported as a broad, durable pattern. Overwork stays concentrated among manual, service, and self-employed workers; a post-2015 rebound was not disproportionately professionalâmanual workers rose at least as muchâand was not detectably sustained in 2023. Overwork does not pay: overworkers log two-thirds more hours than comparable workers yet earn no more annually, and the hourly penaltyâdeepest for blue-collar employeesânarrowed partially after 2010 and remained negative in every wave. State-sector employment is associated with lower overwork throughout. Elitized overwork appears institution-dependent; the sample instead shows a non-elite overwork configuration.</p> 1282 1283<table id="tablepress-7-no-4" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1284<tbody> 1285<tr class="row-1"> 1286 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative
1286Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1287</tr> 1288</tbody> 1289</table> 1290<!-- #tablepress-7-no-4 from cache --> 1291<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1292<div class="tab tab-author-information">Chen Ouyang: School of Marxism, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.<br /> 1293E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1294<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> The author sincerely thanks Editor-in-Chief Ari Adut, the Deputy Editor, and the anonymous external reviewers for their careful reading and constructive suggestions. The author also thanks the Sociological Science editorial and production team for their meticulous work; the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) team at the National Survey Research Center, Renmin University of China, for making the data used in this study available; and Professor Hongshan Lü for his invaluable guidance throughout the research.</p> 1295<p><strong>Funding:</strong> This research received no external funding.</p> 1296<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1297<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_1079to1106_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1298<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> All analysis code, the cross-wave harmonization pipeline, archived numeric outputs, and documentation needed to reproduce every empirical result in this article are deposited at Zenodo: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709718">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21709718</a>. The CGSS microdata cannot be redistributed under the CNSDA data-use agreement; the package documents, wave by wave, how registered researchers can obtain each file free of charge from the Chinese National Survey Data Archive (cnsda.org).<br /> 1299</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1300<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1301<ul> 1302<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Ouyang, Chen. 2026. âOverwork Without Premium: The Persistent Class Gradient of Long Hours in China, 2006â2023â Sociological Science 13: 1079-1106.</li> 1303<li><strong>Received</strong>: July 12, 2026</li> 1304<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: August 8, 2026</li> 1305<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Wei-hsin Yu</li> 1306<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a41</li> 1307</ul> 1308<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1309<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1310</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1311<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1311</div> 1312<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1313<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-41-1079/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1314</div> 1315 </p> 1316 1317 1318 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1319 <div class="post-more"> 1320 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-41-1079/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1321</article><!-- /.post --> 1322 </div><!--/.block--> 1323<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1324 <article class="post-8354 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-childrearing tag-family tag-parenting tag-social-class tag-socialization tag-video"> 1325 <header> 1326 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-40-1046/" rel="bookmark" title="Social Class Differences in Parenting? Revisiting Classed Childrearing through a Video-Ethnography of Mealtime">Social Class Differences in Parenting? Revisiting Classed Childrearing through a Video-Ethnography of Mealtime</a></h2> </header> 1327 1328<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-25T09:00:19-0700">August 25, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1329 <section class="entry"> 1330 1331 <p>Joanne W. Golann, Karen Phelan Kozlowski, Kara Mitchell Brennan</p> 1332<h6>Sociological Science August 25, 2026<br /> 133310.15195/v13.a40</h6> 1334<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1335<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1336<div class="md-content"> 1337<h3>Abstract</h3> 1338<div> 1339Sociological research has long established social class differences in childrearing strategies. However, recent studies suggest more heterogeneity by social class in parenting practices than previously recognized. In this article, we revisit familiesâ classed socialization processes by drawing from the New Jersey Families Study, a two-week, in-home video study of 21 families with young children, to examine how working-class and middle-class families interact with their children during mealtimes. Contrary to expectations, we found that social class did not neatly correspond to parenting styles, with half of families blending middle-class and working-class styles. This is one of the first sociological studies to closely observe the socialization of young children across different social classes. It is also one of few studies in sociology to use video-ethnographic data. Finally, this study challenges long-standing assumptions about class-based socialization, suggesting that in contemporary families, social class boundaries are much blurrier than previously believed when it comes to childrearing.<br /> 1340<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1341<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1342</div> 1343</div> 1344</div> 1345<div class="topLinks"> 1346<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_1046to1078.pdf" title="Download Golann" target="_blank">PDF (723 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-40-1046/#comments"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 1</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-40-1046/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1347<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a40" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1348</div> 1349<p><div id="tabs-66" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1350<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1351<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1352<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1353<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1354</ul> 1355<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1356Sociological research has long established social class differences in childrearing strategies. However, recent studies suggest more heterogeneity by social class in parenting practices than previously recognized. In this article, we revisit familiesâ classed socialization processes by drawing from the New Jersey Families Study, a two-week, in-home video study of 21 families with young children, to examine how working-class and middle-class families interact with their children during mealtimes. Contrary to expectations, we found that social class did not neatly correspond to parenting styles, with half of families blending middle-class and working-class styles. This is one of the first sociological studies to closely observe the socialization of young children across different social classes. It is also one of few studies in sociology to use video-ethnographic data. Finally, this study challenges long-standing assumptions about class-based socialization, suggesting that in contemporary families, social class boundaries are much blurrier than previously believed when it comes to childrearing.</p> 1357 1358<table id="tablepress-7-no-5" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1359<tbody> 1360<tr class="row-1"> 1361 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative
1361Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1362</tr> 1363</tbody> 1364</table> 1365<!-- #tablepress-7-no-5 from cache --> 1366<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1367<div class="tab tab-author-information">Joanne W. Golann: Department of Leadership, Policy, and Organizations, Vanderbilt University.<br /> 1368E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1369<p>Karen Phelan Kozlowski: School of Social Science and Global Studies, University of Southern Mississippi.<br /> 1370E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1371<p>Kara Mitchell Brennan: Department of Leadership, Policy, and Organizations, Vanderbilt University.<br /> 1372E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1373<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We thank Kanoe Bonilla, Emma Bufkin, Maria Maria Castillo, Sheila Chau, Ana Delgado, Catherine Duggan, Richard Hall, Susanna Harpold, Shihe Luan, Angelina Ma, Audrey Morris, Ben Rubin, Monica Shen, Erin Smith, and Grace Xu for research assistance on the New Jersey Families Study. We are grateful to Thomas Espenshade, Boriana Pratt, and Pamela Klebanov for data access and support. Corresponding author: [email protected].</p> 1374<p><strong>Other Statements and Declarations:</strong> This research has been approved by the Princeton University Institutional Research Board. Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained for all families.</p> 1375<p>The authors have no financial or non-financial interests directly or indirectly related to the work to disclose.</p> 1376<p>The authors give consent to publish this manuscript.</p> 1377<p>Partial support for this work comes from the National Science FoundationâSociology Grant #2214309, American Sociological Association Fund for the Advancement of the Discipline, Vanderbilt University Discovery Funds and Seeding Success grants, and the Peabody College Small Grants for Research.</p> 1378<p>The authors report no financial or non-financial interests directly or indirectly related to the work.<br /> 1379</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1380<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><br /> 1381<strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Data are not publicly available due to informed consent agreements. For researchers interested in using the New Jersey Families Study data, please contact Joanne Golann for more information.</p> 1382<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1383<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1384<ul> 1385<li><strong>Citation</strong>: W. Golann, Joanne, Karen Phelan Kozlowski, Kara Mitchell Brennan. 2026. âSocial Class Differences in Parenting? Revisiting Classed Childrearing through a Video-Ethnography of Mealtimeâ Sociological Science 13: 1046-1078.</li> 1386<li><strong>Received</strong>: March 5, 2026</li> 1387<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: July 16, 2026</li> 1388<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Elizabeth Bruch</li> 1389<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a40</li> 1390</ul> 1391<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1392<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1393</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1394<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1394</div> 1395<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1396<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-40-1046/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1397</div> 1398 </p> 1399 1400 1401 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1402 <div class="post-more"> 1403 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-40-1046/#comments"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 1</a></span> </div> 1404</article><!-- /.post --> 1405 </div><!--/.block--> 1406 <div class="block last"> 1407 <article class="post-8344 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-china-shock tag-commuting-zone tag-mens-labor-market-decline tag-spousal-earnings-correlation tag-united-states"> 1408 <header> 1409 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-39-1018/" rel="bookmark" title="Menâs Labor-Market Decline and the Rising Correlation between Spousesâ Earnings in the United States">Menâs Labor-Market Decline and the Rising Correlation between Spousesâ Earnings in the United States</a></h2> </header> 1410 1411<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-20T09:00:59-0700">August 20, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1412 <section class="entry"> 1413 1414 <p>Yifan Shen</p> 1415<h6>Sociological Science August 20, 2026<br /> 141610.15195/v13.a39</h6> 1417<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1418<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1419<div class="md-content"> 1420<h3>Abstract</h3> 1421<div> 1422This study examines the role of deterioration in menâs labor-market conditions in explaining the rising correlation between spousesâ earnings in the United States. Prior research treats the growth of married womenâs employment as the primary driver of this trend, leaving menâs declining economic position largely unexamined. Drawing on U.S. Census and American Community Survey data from 1960 to 2019 covering 722 commuting zones, I apply two-way fixed-effects models and a shiftâshare instrumental-variable design that exploits local variation in exposure to Chinese import competition across male- and female-intensive industries. Both approaches indicate that deterioration in menâs labor-market conditions raises the spousal earnings correlation within local labor markets, with the increase concentrated among couples with children. The pattern is class-stratified: where menâs conditions worsen, mothersâ work hours rise among those married to higher-earning men but little among those married to lower-earning men. This rising correlation thus reflects not only the growth of wivesâ employment but also the unequally distributed capacity of families to adapt to menâs labor-market declineâan adaptation that itself amplifies inequality between households.<br /> 1423<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1424<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1425</div> 1426</div> 1427</div> 1428<div class="topLinks"> 1429<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_1018to1045.pdf" title="Download Shen" target="_blank">PDF (568 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-39-1018/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-39-1018/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1430<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a39" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1431</div> 1432<p><div id="tabs-80" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1433<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1434<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1435<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1436<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1437</ul> 1438<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1439This study examines the role of deterioration in menâs labor-market conditions in explaining the rising correlation between spousesâ earnings in the United States. Prior research treats the growth of married womenâs employment as the primary driver of this trend, leaving menâs declining economic position largely unexamined. Drawing on U.S. Census and American Community Survey data from 1960 to 2019 covering 722
1439commuting zones, I apply two-way fixed-effects models and a shiftâshare instrumental-variable design that exploits local variation in exposure to Chinese import competition across male- and female-intensive industries. Both approaches indicate that deterioration in menâs labor-market conditions raises the spousal earnings correlation within local labor markets, with the increase concentrated among couples with children. The pattern is class-stratified: where menâs conditions worsen, mothersâ work hours rise among those married to higher-earning men but little among those married to lower-earning men. This rising correlation thus reflects not only the growth of wivesâ employment but also the unequally distributed capacity of families to adapt to menâs labor-market declineâan adaptation that itself amplifies inequality between households.</p> 1440 1441<table id="tablepress-7-no-6" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1442<tbody> 1443<tr class="row-1"> 1444 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1445</tr> 1446</tbody> 1447</table> 1448<!-- #tablepress-7-no-6 from cache --> 1449<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1450<div class="tab tab-author-information">Yifan Shen: Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.<br /> 1451E-mail: [email protected]</p> 1452<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1453<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_1018to1045_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1454<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> The replication package contains the Stata code that reproduces every table and figure from the IPUMS census/ACS microdata, all third-party input data, and documentation describing how to download the IPUMS microdata (samples and variables) required as input data. It is available at <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.3886/E251260V1">https://doi.org/10.3886/E251260V1</a><br /> 1455</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1456<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1457<ul> 1458<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Shen, Yifan. 2026. âMenâs Labor-Market Decline and the Rising Correlation between Spousesâ Earnings in the United Statesâ Sociological Science 13:1018-1045.</li> 1459<li><strong>Received</strong>: May 13, 2026</li> 1460<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: July 21, 2026</li> 1461<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Michael Rosenfeld</li> 1462<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a39</li> 1463</ul> 1464<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1465<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1466</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1467<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1467</div> 1468<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1469<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-39-1018/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1470</div> 1471 </p> 1472 1473 1474 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1475 <div class="post-more"> 1476 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-39-1018/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1477</article><!-- /.post --> 1478 </div><!--/.block--> 1479<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1480 <article class="post-8331 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-access-to-tertiary-education tag-education-based-meritocracy tag-effort-based-meritocracy tag-higher-education tag-skill-based-meritocracy tag-support-for-meritocracy"> 1481 <header> 1482 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-38-997/" rel="bookmark" title="Access to Higher Education and Support for Meritocracy: Effort, Skill, and Education as Components of Merit">Access to Higher Education and Support for Meritocracy: Effort, Skill, and Education as Components of Merit</a></h2> </header> 1483 1484<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-18T09:00:25-0700">August 18, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1485 <section class="entry"> 1486 1487 <p>Hye Won Kwon, Jani Erola</p> 1488<h6>Sociological Science August 18, 2026<br /> 148910.15195/v13.a38</h6> 1490<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1491<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1492<div class="md-content"> 1493<h3>Abstract</h3> 1494<div> 1495Prior research has emphasized perceptions of effort-based meritocracy (i.e., the descriptive belief that hard work leads to success), noting a rising trend in meritocratic beliefs across countries. The current study proposes focusing on three components of meritâeffort, skill, and education â and on a less-examined form of meritocratic beliefs: support for meritocracy (i.e., the prescriptive belief that society should distribute rewards based on merit). Analyzing the 2009 International Social Survey Programme data, this study demonstrates the role of higher education in shaping heterogeneity in support for meritocracy. College-educated individuals seem to reject effort-based meritocracy while strongly supporting skill- and education-based meritocracy. In addition, the gap between the college-educated and the non-college-educated in supporting education-based meritocracy is larger in countries with broader access to higher education. These findings suggest that people may refer to different dimensions of meritocracy when supporting or disapproving âmeritocracy,â calling for refined policy interventions to reduce social inequalities.<br /> 1496<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1497<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1498</div> 1499</div> 1500</div> 1501<div class="topLinks"> 1502<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_997to1017.pdf" title="Download Kwon" target="_blank">PDF (611 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-38-997/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-38-997/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1503<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a38" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1504</div> 1505<p><div id="tabs-21" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1506<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1507<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1508<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1509<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1510</ul> 1511<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1512Prior research has emphasized perceptions of effort-based meritocracy (i.e., the descriptive belief that hard work leads to success), noting a rising trend in meritocratic beliefs across countries. The current study proposes focusing on three components of meritâeffort, skill, and education â and on a less-examined form of meritocratic beliefs: support for meritocracy (i.e., the prescriptive belief that society should distribute rewards based on merit). Analyzing the 2009 International Social Survey Programme data, this study demonstrates the role of higher education in shaping heterogeneity in support for meritocracy.
1512College-educated individuals seem to reject effort-based meritocracy while strongly supporting skill- and education-based meritocracy. In addition, the gap between the college-educated and the non-college-educated in supporting education-based meritocracy is larger in countries with broader access to higher education. These findings suggest that people may refer to different dimensions of meritocracy when supporting or disapproving âmeritocracy,â calling for refined policy interventions to reduce social inequalities.</p> 1513 1514<table id="tablepress-7-no-7" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1515<tbody> 1516<tr class="row-1"> 1517 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1518</tr> 1519</tbody> 1520</table> 1521<!-- #tablepress-7-no-7 from cache --> 1522<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1523<div class="tab tab-author-information">Hye Won Kwon: Department of Sociology, Ewha Womans University.<br /> 1524E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1525<p>Jani Erola: INVEST Research Flagship Center, University of Turku.<br /> 1526E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1527<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2024S1A5A8020262). We gratefully acknowledge the Research Council of Finland flagship funding (INVEST, decision number 320162) and Academy Professorâs funding (STRATEQ, decision number 371741). Direct Correspondence to Hye Won Kwon (E-mail: [email protected]).</p> 1528<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1529<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_997to1017_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1530<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> A reproducibility package that includes codes and macro-level data is available at <a href="https://github.com/INVEST-flagship/Kwon-Erola-2026" target="_blank">https://github.com/INVEST-flagship/Kwon-Erola-2026</a>. The ISSP 2009 survey data cannot be uploaded to publicly available locations, because the data can be accessed only after the user registration through the GESIS portal. The ISSP 2009 data are available via the GESIS portal: <a href="https://www.gesis.org/en/issp/data-and-documentation/" target="_blank">https://www.gesis.org/en/issp/data-and-documentation/</a><br /> 1531social-inequality/2009.</p> 1532<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1533<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1534<ul> 1535<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Kwon, Hye Won, Jani Erola. 2026. âAccess to Higher Education and Support for Meritocracy: Effort, Skill, and Education as Components of Meritâ Sociological Science 13: 997-1017.</li> 1536<li><strong>Received</strong>: August 5, 2025</li> 1537<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: July 5, 2026</li> 1538<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Nan Dirk de Graaf</li> 1539<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a38</li> 1540</ul> 1541<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1542<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1543</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1544<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1544</div> 1545<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1546<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-38-997/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1547</div> 1548 </p> 1549 1550 1551 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1552 <div class="post-more"> 1553 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-38-997/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1554</article><!-- /.post --> 1555 </div><!--/.block--> 1556 <div class="block last"> 1557 <article class="post-8321 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-inequality tag-stratification tag-united-states tag-wealth"> 1558 <header> 1559 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-37-971/" rel="bookmark" title="Decoupling Inequality and Stratification in the American Wealth Distribution, 1989â2022">Decoupling Inequality and Stratification in the American Wealth Distribution, 1989â2022</a></h2> </header> 1560 1561<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-11T09:00:51-0700">August 11, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1562 <section class="entry"> 1563 1564 <p>Jake Burchard, Lisa A. Keister</p> 1565<h6>Sociological Science August 11, 2026<br /> 156610.15195/v13.a37</h6> 1567<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1568<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1569<div class="md-content"> 1570<h3>Abstract</h3> 1571<div> 1572Wealth inequality in the United States has grown substantially in recent decades, yet it remains unclear whether wealth has become more stratified along socially salient, group-based lines. Insofar as intragroup solidarities and intergroup antagonisms depend on the extent to which groups are arranged into minimally overlapping, hierarchically ordered strata within the wealth distribution, stratification is sociologically important independently of inequality. Using Survey of Consumer Finances data from 1989 to 2022 and a nonparametric, rank-based stratification metric, we examine trends in wealth stratification across multiple axes of social difference, including racialized group membership, age, education, employment-based class, and marital status. We find that stratification declined along several dimensions, with education being the main exception. Decomposition analyses show that these dimensions differ not only by the level of stratification they exhibit over time but also by where in the distribution stratification is primarily generated and by the relative contributions of housing and nonhousing wealth. These findings underscore the importance of wealth composition and distributional location in shaping stratification and encourage scholars to explore how wealth accumulation may harden or weaken group boundaries.<br /> 1573<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1574<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1575</div> 1576</div> 1577</div> 1578<div class="topLinks"> 1579<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_971to996.pdf" title="Download Burchard" target="_blank">PDF (670 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-37-971/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-37-971/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1580<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a37" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1581</div> 1582<p><div id="tabs-11" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1583<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1584<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1585<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1586<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1587</ul> 1588<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1589Wealth inequality in the United States has grown substantially in recent decades, yet it remains unclear whether wealth has become more stratified along socially salient, group-based lines. Insofar as intragroup solidarities and intergroup antagonisms depen
1589d on the extent to which groups are arranged into minimally overlapping, hierarchically ordered strata within the wealth distribution, stratification is sociologically important independently of inequality. Using Survey of Consumer Finances data from 1989 to 2022 and a nonparametric, rank-based stratification metric, we examine trends in wealth stratification across multiple axes of social difference, including racialized group membership, age, education, employment-based class, and marital status. We find that stratification declined along several dimensions, with education being the main exception. Decomposition analyses show that these dimensions differ not only by the level of stratification they exhibit over time but also by where in the distribution stratification is primarily generated and by the relative contributions of housing and nonhousing wealth. These findings underscore the importance of wealth composition and distributional location in shaping stratification and encourage scholars to explore how wealth accumulation may harden or weaken group boundaries.</p> 1590 1591<table id="tablepress-7-no-8" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1592<tbody> 1593<tr class="row-1"> 1594 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1595</tr> 1596</tbody> 1597</table> 1598<!-- #tablepress-7-no-8 from cache --> 1599<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1600<div class="tab tab-author-information">Jake Burchard: Department of Sociology, Duke University.<br /> 1601E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1602<p>Lisa A. Keister: Department of Sociology, Duke University; Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University.<br /> 1603E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1604<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We thank the editors and two anonymous external reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We also thank Jianyu Hong for research assistance.</p> 1605<p><strong>Funding:</strong> This research received support from the Population Dynamics Research Infrastructure Program award to the Duke Population Research Center (P2C HD065563) at Duke University by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.</p> 1606<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1607<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_971to996_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1608<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Data and code to reproduce all results reported in the paper are available at: <a href="https://gitlab.oit.duke.edu/jkb83/decoupling-inequality-and-stratification-replication-package">https://gitlab.oit.duke.edu/jkb83/decoupling-inequality-and-stratification-replication-package</a>.<br /> 1609</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1610<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1611<ul> 1612<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Burchard, Jake, and Lisa A. Keister. 2026. âDecoupling Inequality and Stratification in the American Wealth Distribution, 1989â2022â Sociological Science 13: 971-996.</li> 1613<li><strong>Received</strong>: April 27, 2026</li> 1614<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: June 23, 2026</li> 1615<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Ray Reagans</li> 1616<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a37</li> 1617</ul> 1618<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1619<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1620</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1621<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1621</div> 1622<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1623<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-37-971/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1624</div> 1625 </p> 1626 1627 1628 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1629 <div class="post-more"> 1630 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-37-971/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1631</article><!-- /.post --> 1632 </div><!--/.block--> 1633<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1634 <article class="post-8311 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-interactions tag-nonlinear-treatment tag-theoretical-estimand"> 1635 <header> 1636 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-36-945/" rel="bookmark" title="Quantities of Interest for Interactions and the Pitfalls of Assuming Linear Treatment Effects">Quantities of Interest for Interactions and the Pitfalls of Assuming Linear Treatment Effects</a></h2> </header> 1637 1638<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-06T09:00:54-0700">August 6, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1639 <section class="entry"> 1640 1641 <p>Josep Serrano-Serrat</p> 1642<h6>Sociological Science August 6, 2026<br /> 164310.15195/v13.a36</h6> 1644<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1645<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1646<div class="md-content"> 1647<h3>Abstract</h3> 1648<div> 1649Although quantitative social sciences often rely on estimating models in which treatment effects vary across groups, researchers rarely specify which causal quantity they aim to estimate or justify their empirical modeling choices. This article makes two contributions. First, it clarifies the distinct quantities of interest when studying interactions: comparisons at different treatment intensities (the difference in conditional average marginal effects) and comparisons at similar intensities (what I term the average interactive partial effect). When treatment effects are nonlinear and treatment distributions differ across groups, these quantities diverge. Second, the article assesses estimation strategies to estimate these quantities. It demonstrates that linear interaction models produce biased estimates of either quantity when treatment effects are nonlinear and explores two alternatives that explicitly accommodate such nonlinearities. This article is accompanied by an R package that implements these approaches. Through simulations, stylized examples, and an empirical application, the article shows that explicitly defining the quantity of interest and selecting appropriate models is essential for valid interaction analysis.<br /> 1650<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1651<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1652</div> 1653</div> 1654</div> 1655<div class="topLinks"> 1656<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_945to970.pdf" title="Download Serrat" target="_blank">PDF (580 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-36-945/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-36-945/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1657<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a36" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1658</div> 1659<p><div id="tabs-51" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1660<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1661<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1662<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1663<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1664</ul> 1665<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1666Although quantitative social sciences often rely on estimating models in which treatment effects vary across groups, researchers rarely specify which causal quantity they aim to estimate or justify their empirical modeling choices. This article makes two contributions. First, it clarifies the distinct quantities of interest when studying interactions: comparisons at different treatment intensities (the difference in conditional average marginal effects) and comparisons at similar intensities (what I term the average interactive partial effect). When treatment effects are nonlinear and treatment distributions differ across groups, these quantities diverge. Second, the article assesses estimation strategies to estimate these quantities. It demonstrates that linear interaction models produce biased estimates of either quantity when treatment effects are nonlinear and explores two alternatives that explicitly accommodate such nonlinearities. This article is accompanied by an R package that implements these approaches. Through simulations, stylized examples, and an empirical application, the article shows that explicitly defining the quantity of interest and selecting appropriate models is essential for valid interaction analysis.</p> 1667 1668<table id="tablepress-7-no-9" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1669<tbody> 1670<tr class="row-1"> 1671 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative
1671Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1672</tr> 1673</tbody> 1674</table> 1675<!-- #tablepress-7-no-9 from cache --> 1676<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1677<div class="tab tab-author-information">Josep Serrano-Serrat: Institute for Public Goods and Policies (IPP), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC).<br /> 1678E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1679<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> An earlier version of this article was presented at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association in Philadelphia and the 2025 Annual Conference of the Swiss Political Science Association in Genève. I am grateful to Cesc Amat, Ignacio Jurado, Patrick W. Kraft, Sergi MartÃnez, and Marco Steenbergen for their valuable comments and suggestions, which substantially improved the article. I also thank Felix Elwert, as Editor of <em>Sociological Methods & Research</em>, Arnout van de Rijt, as Editor of <em>Sociological Science</em>, and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful feedback and constructive guidance throughout the revision process.<br /> 1680</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1681<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_945to970_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1682<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> All code necessary to replicate this study is available in an OSF repository at <a href="https://osf.io/8tx6g/">https://osf.io/8tx6g/</a>.<br /> 1683</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1684<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1685<ul> 1686<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Serrano-Serrat, Josep. 2026. âQuantities of Interest for Interactions and the Pitfalls of Assuming Linear Treatment Effectsâ Sociological Science 13:945-970.</li> 1687<li><strong>Received</strong>: March 11, 2026</li> 1688<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: June 23, 2026</li> 1689<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Kristian B. Karlson</li> 1690<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a36</li> 1691</ul> 1692<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1693<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1694</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1695<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1695</div> 1696<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1697<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-36-945/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1698</div> 1699 </p> 1700 1701 1702 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1703 <div class="post-more"> 1704 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-36-945/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1705</article><!-- /.post --> 1706 </div><!--/.block--> 1707 <div class="block last"> 1708 <article class="post-8301 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-analytical-sociology tag-education-and-social-policy tag-human-capital-investments tag-life-course tag-microlevel-modeling"> 1709 <header> 1710 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-35-915/" rel="bookmark" title="Bending the Heckman Curve: Competing Declines in Learning Capacity and Skill Relevance Over the Life Course">Bending the Heckman Curve: Competing Declines in Learning Capacity and Skill Relevance Over the Life Course</a></h2> </header> 1711 1712<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-08-04T09:00:15-0700">August 4, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1713 <section class="entry"> 1714 1715 <p>João M. Souto-Maior, Mitchell L. Stevens</p> 1716<h6>Sociological Science August 4, 2026<br /> 171710.15195/v13.a35</h6> 1718<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1719<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1720<div class="md-content"> 1721<h3>Abstract</h3> 1722<div> 1723The Heckman curve has powerfully influenced social policy by providing mathematical support for the concentration of human-capital investments early in the life course. The canonical model behind this curve derives a single relationship for aggregate human capital and does not address how return trajectories vary across skill types. We extend the canonical mathematical framework to derive skill-specific return trajectories, incorporating two key parameters governing declines in (a) human capacity to learn and (b) skill relevance over the life course. Our microfoundation model implies that the shape of return trajectories depen
1723ds on the relative magnitudes of these two declines, indicating a trade-off: although early investments may be more efficient due to declining human learning capacity, they risk misalignment with future labor market needs. Depending on the targeted skill, investments in adult workers might more effectively align with evolving skill content. We illustrate this result with numerical simulations using empirically plausible parameter ranges and selected skill profiles. Our work suggests that optimal investment timing may be skill-dependent, and identifies empirical questions that can better inform human-capital policy in a time of rapid technological change and lengthening lifespans.<br /> 1724<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1725<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1726</div> 1727</div> 1728</div> 1729<div class="topLinks"> 1730<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/SocSci_v13_915to944.pdf" title="Download Stevens" target="_blank">PDF (1367 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-35-915/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-35-915/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1731<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a35" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1732</div> 1733<p><div id="tabs-6" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1734<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1735<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1736<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1737<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1738</ul> 1739<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1740The Heckman curve has powerfully influenced social policy by providing mathematical support for the concentration of human-capital investments early in the life course. The canonical model behind this curve derives a single relationship for aggregate human capital and does not address how return trajectories vary across skill types. We extend the canonical mathematical framework to derive skill-specific return trajectories, incorporating two key parameters governing declines in (a) human capacity to learn and (b) skill relevance over the life course. Our microfoundation model implies that the shape of return trajectories depen
1740ds on the relative magnitudes of these two declines, indicating a trade-off: although early investments may be more efficient due to declining human learning capacity, they risk misalignment with future labor market needs. Depending on the targeted skill, investments in adult workers might more effectively align with evolving skill content. We illustrate this result with numerical simulations using empirically plausible parameter ranges and selected skill profiles. Our work suggests that optimal investment timing may be skill-dependent, and identifies empirical questions that can better inform human-capital policy in a time of rapid technological change and lengthening lifespans.</p> 1741 1742<table id="tablepress-7-no-10" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1743<tbody> 1744<tr class="row-1"> 1745 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1746</tr> 1747</tbody> 1748</table> 1749<!-- #tablepress-7-no-10 from cache --> 1750<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1751<div class="tab tab-author-information">João M. Souto-Maior: Stanford Center on Longevity and Graduate School of Education, Stanford University.<br /> 1752E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1753<p>Mitchell L. Stevens: Graduate School of Education and Stanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University.<br /> 1754E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1755<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This paper is part of the project âEducation and Learning for Longer Lives,â sponsored by the Stanford Center on Longevity (SCL) in 2025â2026. We thank the SCLâs Futures Fellows and New Map of Life Postdoctoral Fellows for the contexts in which this work germinated. We are especially grateful to Bernardo Mackenna, Chris Heitzig, Leon Marbach, and Arik Lifschitz for written feedback, and to Matt Sigelman for valuable advice. Earlier versions of this work benefited from critical feedback (all in 2025) in Stanfordâs Pathways Network Seminar and Inequality Workshop, the SCL Fellows Seminar, the Sociological Science Annual Conference, and the International Network of Analytical Sociology Conference. Any errors are our own.<br /> 1756</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1757<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/august/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_915to944_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1758<p><strong>Data and code availability statement:</strong> This paper does not use external data. Full replication code for numerical simulations and figures available at: <a href="https://github.com/joaosoutomaior/competing-declines-code">https://github.com/joaosoutomaior/competing-declines-code</a>.<br /> 1759</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1760<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1761<ul> 1762<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Souto-Maior, João M., and Mitchell L. Stevens. 2026. âBending the Heckman Curve: Competing Declines in Learning Capacity and Skill Relevance Over the Life Courseâ Sociological Science 13: 915-944.</li> 1763<li><strong>Received</strong>: April 9, 2026</li> 1764<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: June 16, 2026</li> 1765<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Stephen Vaisey, Herman van de Werfhorst</li> 1766<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a35</li> 1767</ul> 1768<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1769<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1770</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1771<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1771</div> 1772<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1773<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-35-915/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1774</div> 1775 </p> 1776 1777 1778 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1779 <div class="post-more"> 1780 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-35-915/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1781</article><!-- /.post --> 1782 </div><!--/.block--> 1783<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1784 <article class="post-8290 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-categories tag-entrepreneurship tag-search"> 1785 <header> 1786 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-34-884/" rel="bookmark" title="Categorical Engagement and the Contingent Nature of Typicality Effects">Categorical Engagement and the Contingent Nature of Typicality Effects</a></h2> </header> 1787 1788<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-07-28T09:00:34-0700">July 28, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1789 <section class="entry"> 1790 1791 <p>Alex Tyulyupo, Balázs Kovács</p> 1792<h6>Sociological Science July 28, 2026<br /> 179310.15195/v13.a34</h6> 1794<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1795<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1796<div class="md-content"> 1797<h3>Abstract</h3> 1798<div> 1799Market categories can favor typical members over atypical ones, yet this âcategorical imperativeâ operates inconsistently across contexts. We argue that typicality effects depend on how evaluators engage with categories during search. Using behavioral simulation in which participants search a large database of companies for competitors, we distinguish between searches that explicitly invoke industry classifications and those using alternative methods, and measure goal-category congruence through semantic alignment between evaluatorsâ objectives and the categories they employ. We find that typical companies become more likely to be selected in category-based searches; other searches produce no typicality effects. Among category-based searches, goal-category congruence moderates the effect: typicality strongly predicts selection when goals and categories misalign but becomes irrelevant when they align well. These findings identify a specific microprocess through which categorical effects become contingent, offering a process-level explanation for variation documented across audiences, producer characteristics, and evaluation contexts.<br /> 1800<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1801<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1802</div> 1803</div> 1804</div> 1805<div class="topLinks"> 1806<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/SocSci_v13_884to914.pdf" title="Download Tyulyupo" target="_blank">PDF (611 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-34-884/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-34-884/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1807<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a34" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1808</div> 1809<p><div id="tabs-7" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1810<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1811<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1812<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1813<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1814</ul> 1815<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1816Market categories can favor typical members over atypical ones, yet this âcategorical imperativeâ operates inconsistently across contexts. We argue that typicality effects depend on how evaluators engage with categories during search. Using behavioral simulation in which participants search a large database of companies for competitors, we distinguish between searches that explicitly invoke industry classifications and those using alternative methods, and measure goal-category congruence through semantic alignment between evaluatorsâ objectives and the categories they employ. We find that typical companies become more likely to be selected in category-based searches; other searches produce no typicality effects. Among category-based searches, goal-category congruence moderates the effect: typicality strongly predicts selection when goals and categories misalign but be
1816comes irrelevant when they align well. These findings identify a specific microprocess through which categorical effects become contingent, offering a process-level explanation for variation documented across audiences, producer characteristics, and evaluation contexts.</p> 1817 1818<table id="tablepress-7-no-11" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1819<tbody> 1820<tr class="row-1"> 1821 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1822</tr> 1823</tbody> 1824</table> 1825<!-- #tablepress-7-no-11 from cache --> 1826<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1827<div class="tab tab-author-information">Alex Tyulyupo: Yale School of Management, Yale University.<br /> 1828E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1829<p>Balázs Kovács: Yale School of Management, Yale University.<br /> 1830E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1831<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We thank Ceclin Begbie and Robert Bartholomew for their management of the behavioral lab. We thank Maciej Workiewicz, Elisa Operti, and Stoyan Sgourev for their input. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Yale School of Management. We benefited from feedback received at the 2025 Nagymaros Conference and the Yale School of Management OBID seminar.<br /> 1832</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1833<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_884to914_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1834<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> De-identified, model-ready data and code for reproducing all statistical tables and figures are available at (<a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6Z8RS">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6Z8RS</a>). Raw Crunchbase records, company and venture descriptions, and participant-identifying information are not shared because of data-use and confidentiality restrictions.</p> 1835<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1836<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1837<ul> 1838<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Tyulyupo, Alex, and Kovács, Balázs. 2026. âCategorical Engagement and the Contingent Nature of Typicality Effectsâ Sociological Science 13:884-914.</li> 1839<li><strong>Received</strong>: May 6, 2026</li> 1840<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: June 23, 2026</li> 1841<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Clayton Childress</li> 1842<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a34</li> 1843</ul> 1844<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1845<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1846</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1847<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1847</div> 1848<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1849<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-34-884/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1850</div> 1851 </p> 1852 1853 1854 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1855 <div class="post-more"> 1856 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-34-884/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1857</article><!-- /.post --> 1858 </div><!--/.block--> 1859 <div class="block last"> 1860 <article class="post-8285 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-attention tag-echo-chambers tag-engagement tag-political-communication tag-selective-exposure tag-social-media"> 1861 <header> 1862 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-33-864/" rel="bookmark" title="Information Diets Are More Diverse in Attention Than in Engagement">Information Diets Are More Diverse in Attention Than in Engagement</a></h2> </header> 1863 1864<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-07-21T09:00:48-0700">July 21, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1865 <section class="entry"> 1866 1867 <p>Christopher Barrie, Aybuke Atalay, Alia ElKattan</p> 1868<h6>Sociological Science July 21, 2026<br /> 186910.15195/v13.a33</h6> 1870<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1871<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1872<div class="md-content"> 1873<h3>Abstract</h3> 1874<div> 1875What political content do we pay attention to online? Diverse political information is essential for democratic competence, yet online media raises concerns about fragmented information diets. Research on selective exposure highlights how social media can foster ideological echo chambers, while other studies emphasize incidental exposure to diverse viewpoints. A critical measurement challenge is that public platform traces often observe engagement (e.g., likes or shares) more readily than lower-visibility forms of attentionâi.e., what users notice or choose to read without necessarily interacting publicly. In this study, we address this gap with a social media clone platform that separately records attention and engagement. We ran the study in both the United Kingdom (once) and the United States (thrice). Across both contexts, we found that the ideology-engagement association is significantly larger than the ideology-attention association. This underscores the importance of measuring attention, rather than solely engagement, to accurately assess the diversity of online information diets.<br /> 1876<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1877<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1878</div> 1879</div> 1880</div> 1881<div class="topLinks"> 1882<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/SocSci_v13_864to883.pdf" title="Download Barrie" target="_blank">PDF (911 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-33-864/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-33-864/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1883<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a33" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1884</div> 1885<p><div id="tabs-71" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1886<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1887<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1888<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1889<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1890</ul> 1891<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1892What political content do we pay attention to online? Diverse political information is essential for democratic competence, yet online media raises concerns about fragmented information diets. Research on selective exposure highlights how social media can foster ideological echo chambers, while other studies emphasize incidental exposure to diverse viewpoints. A critical measurement challenge is that public platform traces often observe engagement (e.g., likes or shares) more readily than lower-visibility forms of attentionâi.e., what users notice or choose to read without necessarily interacting publicly. In this study, we address this gap with a social media clone platform that separately records attention and engagement. We ran the study in both the United Kingdom (once) and the United States (thrice). Across both contexts, we found that the ideology-engagement association is significantly larger than the ideology-attention association. This underscores the importance of measuring attention, rather than solely engagement, to accurately assess the diversity of online information diets.</p> 1893 1894<table id="tablepress-7-no-12" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1895<tbody> 1896<tr class="row-1"> 1897 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative
1897Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1898</tr> 1899</tbody> 1900</table> 1901<!-- #tablepress-7-no-12 from cache --> 1902<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1903<div class="tab tab-author-information">Christopher Barrie: Department of Sociology, New York University.<br /> 1904E-mail: [email protected]</p> 1905<p>Aybuke Atalay: Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Edinburgh.<br /> 1906E-mail: [email protected]</p> 1907<p>Alia ElKattan: Department of Politics, New York University.<br /> 1908E-mail: [email protected]</p> 1909<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We thank audiences at the NYU Center for Social Media and Politics for their feedback on earlier versions of this paper. This research was supported by a British Academy/Leverhulme Small Research Grant (SRG2223 230865). OpenAI GPT-4o and GPT-5 and Anthropic Claude (Sonnet 4.5) were used for code, code review, and manuscript redrafting. The authors declare no competing interests. Corresponding author: Christopher Barrie ([email protected]).<br /> 1910</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1911<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_864to883_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1912<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Data, code, documentation, and replication materials necessary to re-produce the empirical and simulation results reported in this article are available at <a href="https: //github.com/cjbarrie/smclone">https://github.com/cjbarrie/smclone</a>.</p> 1913<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1914<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1915<ul> 1916<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Barrie, Christopher, Aybuke Atalay, and Alia ElKattan. 2026. âInformation Diets Are More Diverse in Attention Than in Engagementâ Sociological Science 13: 864-883.</li> 1917<li><strong>Received</strong>: April 9, 2026</li> 1918<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: June 8, 2026</li> 1919<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Kieran Healy</li> 1920<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a33</li> 1921</ul> 1922<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1923<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1924</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 1925<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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1925</div> 1926<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 1927<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-33-864/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 1928</div> 1929 </p> 1930 1931 1932 </section><!-- /.entry --> 1933 <div class="post-more"> 1934 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-33-864/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 1935</article><!-- /.post --> 1936 </div><!--/.block--> 1937<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 1938 <article class="post-8274 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-data-disaggregation tag-intersectionality tag-racial-classification tag-reproducibility tag-survey-measurement tag-transparency"> 1939 <header> 1940 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-32-825/" rel="bookmark" title="A Roadmap for Inequality Research: Transparency, Intersectionality, and Multiple Measures of Race">A Roadmap for Inequality Research: Transparency, Intersectionality, and Multiple Measures of Race</a></h2> </header> 1941 1942<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-07-09T09:00:20-0700">July 9, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 1943 <section class="entry"> 1944 1945 <p>Emma Williams-Baron, Aliya Saperstein</p> 1946<h6>Sociological Science July 9, 2026<br /> 194710.15195/v13.a32</h6> 1948<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 1949<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 1950<div class="md-content"> 1951<h3>Abstract</h3> 1952<div> 1953Most quantitative studies of U.S. inequality rely on single measures of race and do not transparently describe them. However, inconsistencies between measures can yield conclusions that differ both substantively and statistically. We ask: when faced with multiple ways to categorize respondents, how should researchers choose? We conduct intersectional analyses of five inequality outcomes, using the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which offers several measures of self-identification and external classification. Strikingly, we find the surveyâs screener race variable, ubiquitous in prior research, is never empirically preferred based on model fit across outcomes spanning the labor market (wages, salary, and unemployment), health (depression), and education (school discipline). Instead, the top-performing measure varies by gender, outcome, and fit statistic. The range of potential researcher decisions and the absence of a clear gold-standard highlights the need for greater transparency and more thoughtful decision-making when researchers operationalize raceâwhether racial categorization is central to the analysis or included primarily as a control variable. To that end, we offer a roadmap of key considerations inequality researchers can consult when designing their approach.<br /> 1954<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 1955<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 1956</div> 1957</div> 1958</div> 1959<div class="topLinks"> 1960<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/SocSci_v13_825to863.pdf" title="Download Emma" target="_blank">PDF (1131 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-32-825/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-32-825/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 1961<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a32" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 1962</div> 1963<p><div id="tabs-22" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 1964<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 1965<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 1966<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 1967<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 1968</ul> 1969<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 1970Most quantitative studies of U.S. inequality rely on single measures of race and do not transparently describe them. However, inconsistencies between measures can yield conclusions that differ both
1970substantively and statistically. We ask: when faced with multiple ways to categorize respondents, how should researchers choose? We conduct intersectional analyses of five inequality outcomes, using the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, which offers several measures of self-identification and external classification. Strikingly, we find the surveyâs screener race variable, ubiquitous in prior research, is never empirically preferred based on model fit across outcomes spanning the labor market (wages, salary, and unemployment), health (depression), and education (school discipline). Instead, the top-performing measure varies by gender, outcome, and fit statistic. The range of potential researcher decisions and the absence of a clear gold-standard highlights the need for greater transparency and more thoughtful decision-making when researchers operationalize raceâwhether racial categorization is central to the analysis or included primarily as a control variable. To that end, we offer a roadmap of key considerations inequality researchers can consult when designing their approach.</p> 1971 1972<table id="tablepress-7-no-13" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 1973<tbody> 1974<tr class="row-1"> 1975 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 1976</tr> 1977</tbody> 1978</table> 1979<!-- #tablepress-7-no-13 from cache --> 1980<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1981<div class="tab tab-author-information">Emma Williams-Baron: Department of Sociology, Stanford University. E-mail: [email protected].<br /> 1982Aliya Saperstein: Department of Sociology, Stanford University. E-mail: [email protected].</p> 1983<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We are grateful to our colleagues in the gender and inequality workshops at Stanford University for their helpful comments and suggestions, and to Steve McClaskie for responding to inquiries about the NLSY. Previous versions of this paper were presented at the 2024 American Sociological Association annual meeting and at a 2023 conference on racial inequality in education research hosted by NWEA in Portland, OR. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1656518. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.<br /> 1984</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1985<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_825to863_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 1986<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Data and code for reproducing the results presented in this article are publicly<br /> 1987available in an Open Science Framework repository here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K3RZT" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/K3RZT</a>. Data may also be accessed through the NLSY Investigator site at: <a href="https://www.nlsinfo.org/investigator" target="_blank">https://www.nlsinfo.org/investigator</a>.</p> 1988<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 1989<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 1990<ul> 1991<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Williams-Baron, Emma, Aliya Saperstein. 2026. âA Roadmap for Inequality Research: Transparency, Intersectionality, and Multiple Measures of Raceâ Sociological Science 13: 825-863.</li> 1992<li><strong>Received</strong>: September 20, 2025</li> 1993<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: May 18, 2026</li> 1994<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Kristian B. Karlson</li> 1995<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a32</li> 1996</ul> 1997<p></div><!--/.tab--> 1998<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 1999</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2000<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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2000</div> 2001<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 2002<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-32-825/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 2003</div> 2004 </p> 2005 2006 2007 </section><!-- /.entry --> 2008 <div class="post-more"> 2009 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-32-825/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 2010</article><!-- /.post --> 2011 </div><!--/.block--> 2012 <div class="block last"> 2013 <article class="post-8272 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-biodemography tag-genetic-ancestry tag-human-genomics tag-physical-attractiveness tag-racial-inequality tag-social-stratification"> 2014 <header> 2015 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-31-802/" rel="bookmark" title="Leveraging Genomic Data to Document Within-Race Attractiveness Penalties Among Black Americans">Leveraging Genomic Data to Document Within-Race Attractiveness Penalties Among Black Americans</a></h2> </header> 2016 2017<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-07-07T09:00:01-0700">July 7, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 2018 <section class="entry"> 2019 2020 <p>Beza Taddess, Luyin Zhang, Sam Trejo</p> 2021<h6>Sociological Science July 7, 2026<br /> 202210.15195/v13.a31</h6> 2023<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 2024<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 2025<div class="md-content"> 2026<h3>Abstract</h3> 2027<div> 2028In recent years, scholars of racial inequality have increasingly sought to move beyond simply quantifying discrete racial disparities and instead measure social stratification as a function of continuous racialized characteristics that vary both within and between racial groups. In this article, we draw on a sample of genotyped respondents from the Add Health study and construct genetic similarity proportions, individual-level measures that correlate with racialized physical features that vary across the exp
2028ansive family tree of humanity (skin tone, facial structure, hair texture, etc.). We then investigate the relationship between these proportions and interviewer-rated physical attractiveness among self-identified Black Americans (N=2,087). Our findings highlight the existence of substantial attractiveness penalties related to having higher levels of Sub-Saharan African (as opposed to European) genetic similarity.<br /> 2029<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 2030<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 2031</div> 2032</div> 2033</div> 2034<div class="topLinks"> 2035<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/SocSci_v13_802to824.pdf" title="Download Trejo" target="_blank">PDF (2493 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-31-802/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-31-802/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 2036<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a31" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 2037</div> 2038<p><div id="tabs-57" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 2039<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 2040<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 2041<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 2042<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 2043</ul> 2044<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 2045In recent years, scholars of racial inequality have increasingly sought to move beyond simply quantifying discrete racial disparities and instead measure social stratification as a function of continuous racialized characteristics that vary both within and between racial groups. In this article, we draw on a sample of genotyped respondents from the Add Health study and construct genetic similarity proportions, individual-level measures that correlate with racialized physical features that vary across the exp
2045ansive family tree of humanity (skin tone, facial structure, hair texture, etc.). We then investigate the relationship between these proportions and interviewer-rated physical attractiveness among self-identified Black Americans (N=2,087). Our findings highlight the existence of substantial attractiveness penalties related to having higher levels of Sub-Saharan African (as opposed to European) genetic similarity.<br /> 2046 2047<table id="tablepress-7-no-14" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 2048<tbody> 2049<tr class="row-1"> 2050 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 2051</tr> 2052</tbody> 2053</table> 2054<!-- #tablepress-7-no-14 from cache --></p> 2055<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2056<div class="tab tab-author-information">Beza Taddess: Department of Sociology, Princeton University. E-mail: [email protected]<br /> 2057Luyin Zhang: Office of Population Research, Princeton University. E-mail: [email protected]<br /> 2058Sam Trejo: Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, Princeton University. E-mail: [email protected]</p> 2059<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We are grateful to Dalton Conley, Filiz Garip, Iain Mathieson, Ellis Monk, and Marissa Thompson for helpful comments. This research uses data from Add Health, funded by grant P01 HD31921 (Harris) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Add Health is currently directed by Robert A. Hummer and funded by the National Institute on Aging cooperative agreements U01 AG071448 (Hummer) and U01AG071450 (Hummer and Aiello) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Add Health was designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. No direct support was received from grant P01 HD31921 for this analysis. Information on obtaining Add Health data is available on the project website. Send correspondence to Sam Trejo, [email protected].</p> 2060<p><strong>Significance Statement</strong>: This study provides new evidence on how racialized physical features shape social experiences within a single self-identified racial group. By using genetic similarity proportionsâgenetic ancestry measures that correlate with physical traits such as skin tone and facial structureâthe authors show that Black Americans with higher levels of Sub-Saharan African genetic similarity are systematically rated as less physically attractive. These results reveal a form of racialized disadvantage that operates within racial categories and is not captured by typical survey measures and help explain why traditional surveys report relatively small BlackâWhite attractiveness gaps (whereas real-world behavior shows much larger differences). More broadly, the study offers genetic similarity proportions as a new tool for exploring processes of racialization in contemporary society.<br /> 2061</div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2062<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_802to824_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 2063<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> All results needed to evaluate the conclusions in the article are present in the article and/or the Supplementary Materials. All syntax files needed to replicate our main text analyses are available at the following link: <a href="https://github.com/luyin-z/attractiveness_penalties" target="_blank">https://github.com/luyin-z/attractiveness_penalties</a>. We utilized the restricted Add Health survey and genotype data, which can be accessed by researchers via application at <a href="https://data.cpc.unc.edu/projects/2/view" target="_blank">https://data.cpc.unc.edu/projects/2/view</a>.</p> 2064<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2065<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 2066<ul> 2067<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Taddess, Beza, Luyin Zhang, and Sam Trejo. 2026. âLeveraging Genomic Data to Document Within-Race Attractiveness Penalties Among Black Americansâ Sociological Science 13: 802-824.</li> 2068<li><strong>Received</strong>: March 24, 2026</li> 2069<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: May 13, 2026</li> 2070<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Ellis Monk</li> 2071<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a31</li> 2072</ul> 2073<p></div><!--/.tab--> 2074<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 2075</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2076<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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2076</div> 2077<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 2078<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-31-802/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 2079</div> 2080 </p> 2081 2082 2083 </section><!-- /.entry --> 2084 <div class="post-more"> 2085 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-31-802/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 2086</article><!-- /.post --> 2087 </div><!--/.block--> 2088<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 2089 <article class="post-8260 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-low-wage-work tag-precarious-work tag-schedule-instability tag-social-support tag-work-schedules tag-worker-well-being"> 2090 <header> 2091 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-30-772/" rel="bookmark" title="The Double Bind of Precarious Work: Creating Need and Undermining Support">The Double Bind of Precarious Work: Creating Need and Undermining Support</a></h2> </header> 2092 2093<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-07-01T00:13:40-0700">July 1, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 2094 <section class="entry"> 2095 2096 <p>Tyler Woods, Kristen Harknett, Daniel Schneider</p> 2097<h6>Sociological Science July 2, 2026<br /> 209810.15195/v13.a30</h6> 2099<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 2100<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 2101<div class="md-content"> 2102<h3>Abstract</h3> 2103<div> 2104For most adults in the United States, participation in the labor force is a normative expectation and a pre-requisite for social acceptance and inclusion. Yet, the conditions of low-wage work can breed social isolation by interfering with supportive social ties at and outside of work. Drawing on survey data from The Shift Project, we examine the complex interplay between precarious working conditions and supportive social ties and illuminate a vicious cycle faced by low-wage workers. Precarious work schedule conditions are associated with reduced perceptions of support from social ties and act as a mechanism through which precarious working conditions take a toll on worker well-being. Further, those with precarious work schedules are less likely to benefit from the buffering effect of social support that attenuates the negative consequences of unstable and unpredictable schedules on well-being. Our findings demonstrate negative externalities of precarious working conditions for social support and reveal the double bind of precarious work: schedule instability undermines workersâ social support while simultaneously heightening the need for it.<br /> 2105<!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 2106<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 2107</div> 2108</div> 2109</div> 2110<div class="topLinks"> 2111<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/SocSci_v13_772to801.pdf" title="Download Harknett" target="_blank">PDF (1024 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-30-772/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-30-772/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 2112<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a30" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 2113</div> 2114<p><div id="tabs-57" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 2115<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 2116<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 2117<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 2118<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 2119</ul> 2120<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br />
2121For most adults in the United States, participation in the labor force is a normative expectation and a pre-requisite for social acceptance and inclusion. Yet, the conditions of low-wage work can breed social isolation by interfering with supportive social ties at and outside of work. Drawing on survey data from The Shift Project, we examine the complex interplay between precarious working conditions and supportive social ties and illuminate a vicious cycle faced by low-wage workers. Precarious work schedule conditions are associated with reduced perceptions of support from social ties and act as a mechanism through which precarious working conditions take a toll on worker well-being. Further, those with precarious work schedules are less likely to benefit from the buffering effect of social support that attenuates the negative consequences of unstable and unpredictable schedules on well-being. Our findings demonstrate negative externalities of precarious working conditions for social support and reveal the double bind of precarious work: schedule instability undermines workersâ social support while simultaneously heightening the need for it.<br /> 2122 2123<table id="tablepress-7-no-15" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 2124<tbody> 2125<tr class="row-1"> 2126 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 2127</tr> 2128</tbody> 2129</table> 2130<!-- #tablepress-7-no-15 from cache --></p> 2131<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2132<div class="tab tab-author-information">Tyler Woods: Harvard Kennedy School. E-mail: [email protected].<br /> 2133Kristen Harknett: University of California, Berkeley, Department of Sociology. E-mail: [email protected].<br /> 2134Daniel Schneider: Harvard Kennedy School. E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2135<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Institute on Aging (Grant Nos. R01AG066898 and R56AG081273), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Grant No. U19OH012293), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Nos. INV-002665 and INV-016942), the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Award No. 74528), and the W.T. Grant Foundation (Grant No. 188043). The findings and conclusions contained within are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of these foundations. The authors received excellent research support from Kevin Bruey, Connor Williams, and Alessandra Soto.</p> 2136<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2137<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/july/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_772to801_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 2138<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Information on accessing the administrative register data and all code used in the analysis is available at: <a href="https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/ 2139OEGXOW" target="_blank">https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/<br /> 2140OEGXOW</a>.</p> 2141<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2142<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 2143<ul> 2144<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Woods, Tyler, Kristen Harknett, and Daniel Schneider. 2026. âThe Double Bind of Precarious Work: Creating Need and Undermining Supportâ Sociological Science 13: 772-801.</li> 2145<li><strong>Received</strong>: January 5, 2026</li> 2146<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: April 28, 2026</li> 2147<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Stephen Vaisey, Michael Rosenfeld</li> 2148<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a30</li> 2149</ul> 2150<p></div><!--/.tab--> 2151<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 2152</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2153<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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2153</div> 2154<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 2155<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-30-772/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 2156</div> 2157 </p> 2158 2159 2160 </section><!-- /.entry --> 2161 <div class="post-more"> 2162 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-30-772/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 2163</article><!-- /.post --> 2164 </div><!--/.block--> 2165 <div class="block last"> 2166 <article class="post-8242 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-achievement tag-education tag-inequality tag-schools tag-stratification tag-teachers"> 2167 <header> 2168 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-29-747/" rel="bookmark" title="Teacher Sorting and Inequalities in Student Achievement: Unequal Exposures and Differential Returns to Teacher Qualifications">Teacher Sorting and Inequalities in Student Achievement: Unequal Exposures and Differential Returns to Teacher Qualifications</a></h2> </header> 2169 2170<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-06-30T09:00:39-0700">June 30, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 2171 <section class="entry"> 2172 2173 <p>Said Hassan</p> 2174<h6>Sociological Science June 30, 2026<br /> 217510.15195/v13.a29</h6> 2176<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 2177<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 2178<div class="md-content"> 2179<h3>Abstract</h3> 2180<div> 2181Teachers play a formative role in shaping childrenâs school experiences and ultimately, their educational outcomes. In this study, I use full population Danish administrative data to explore the consequences of unequal access to qualified teachers in three steps. First, I document strong patterns of teacherâstudent sorting in Denmark, one of the worldâs most equal societies and generous welfare states. In short, teachers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and with higher prior academic achievements tend to select into schools serving high-achieving children from privileged backgrounds. Second, I investigate the effect of exposure to teachers with different qualifications on studentsâ test score performance. To facilitate causal estimates, I exploit plausibly exogenous shocks to teacher changes induced by parental leave spells, which, I show, are unrelated to an extensive set of observed classroom characteristics, including student well-being and measures of classroom climate. Third, I explore differentials in the impact of teacher qualifications by studentsâ socioeconomic background. I find no consistent evidence of differential teacher effects, implying that teacher-induced learning inequalities are mainly driven by unequal exposure to highly qualified teachers, rather than unequal returns to qualifications. This suggests that policies equalizing access to qualified teachers may reduce learning disparities.</p> 2182<p><!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 2183<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 2184</div> 2185</div> 2186</div> 2187<div class="topLinks"> 2188<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/SocSci_v13_747to771.pdf" title="Download Hassan (1)" target="_blank">PDF (1199 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-29-747/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-29-747/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 2189<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a29" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 2190</div> 2191<p><div id="tabs-67" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 2192<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 2193<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 2194<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 2195<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 2196</ul> 2197<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 2198Teachers play a formative role in shaping childrenâs school experiences and ultimately, their educational outcomes. In this study, I use full population Danish administrative data to explore the consequences of unequal access to qualified teachers in three steps. First, I document strong patterns of teacherâstudent sorting in Denmark, one of the worldâs most equal societies and generous welfare states. In short, teachers from higher socioeconomic backgrounds and with higher prior academic achievements tend to select into schools serving high-achieving children from privileged backgrounds. Second, I investigate the effect of exposure to teachers with different qualifications on studentsâ test score performance. To facilitate causal estimates, I exploit plausibly exogenous shocks to teacher changes induced by parental leave spells, which, I show, are unrelated to an extensive set of observed classroom characteristics, including student well-being and measures of classroom climate. Third, I explore differentials in the impact of teacher qual
2198ifications by studentsâ socioeconomic background. I find no consistent evidence of differential teacher effects, implying that teacher-induced learning inequalities are mainly driven by unequal exposure to highly qualified teachers, rather than unequal returns to qualifications. This suggests that policies equalizing access to qualified teachers may reduce learning disparities.</p> 2199 2200<table id="tablepress-7-no-16" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 2201<tbody> 2202<tr class="row-1"> 2203 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 2204</tr> 2205</tbody> 2206</table> 2207<!-- #tablepress-7-no-16 from cache --> 2208<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2209<div class="tab tab-author-information">Said Hassan: Nuffield College, University of Oxford.<br /> 2210E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2211<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> I am grateful to Richard Breen, David Kirk, Per Engzell, Dirk Witteveen, Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Miriam Gensowski, Janne Jonsson, John Ermisch, Ahmed Tohamy, Anders Holm, and Lars Højsgaard Andersen for their very helpful comments and suggestions on earlier versions. This research was supported by the ROCKWOOL Foundation (grant number 1231).</p> 2212<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2213<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_747to771_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 2214<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> Information on accessing the administrative register data and all code used in the analysis is available at: <a href="https://github.com/s-aj-hassan/Teacher-Sorting-Achievement">https://github.com/s-aj-hassan/Teacher-Sorting-Achievement</a>.</p> 2215<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2216<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 2217<ul> 2218<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Hassan, Said. 2026. âTeacher Sorting and Inequalities in Student Achievement: Unequal Exposures and Differential Returns to Teacher Qualificationsâ Sociological Science 13: 747-771.</li> 2219<li><strong>Received</strong>: March 30, 2026</li> 2220<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: April 17, 2026</li> 2221<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Herman van de Werfhorst</li> 2222<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a29</li> 2223</ul> 2224<p></div><!--/.tab--> 2225<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 2226</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2227<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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2227</div> 2228<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 2229<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-29-747/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 2230</div> 2231 </p> 2232 2233 2234 </section><!-- /.entry --> 2235 <div class="post-more"> 2236 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-29-747/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 2237</article><!-- /.post --> 2238 </div><!--/.block--> 2239<div class="fix"></div> <div class="block"> 2240 <article class="post-8235 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-educational-attainment tag-gender-gap tag-local-economy tag-political-conservatism tag-rural-urban-inequality tag-rurality"> 2241 <header> 2242 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-28-712/" rel="bookmark" title="The Exception to Womenâs Advantage: How Rurality, Red Counties, and the Local Economy Shape Gender Gaps in Educational Attainment">The Exception to Womenâs Advantage: How Rurality, Red Counties, and the Local Economy Shape Gender Gaps in Educational Attainment</a></h2> </header> 2243 2244<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-06-25T09:00:01-0700">June 25, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 2245 <section class="entry"> 2246 2247 <p>April Sutton, Bernardo Mackenna, Bolun Zhang, Amanda Bosky</p> 2248<h6>Sociological Science June 25, 2026<br /> 224910.15195/v13.a28</h6> 2250<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 2251<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 2252<div class="md-content"> 2253<h3>Abstract</h3> 2254<div> 2255Rural communities have lagged urban areas in the economic and sociocultural shifts thought to underlie womenâs advantage in bachelorâs degree (BA) attainment, such as the exp
2255ansion of high-status professional jobs and increasing gender egalitarianism. Using nationally representative data (ELS:2002), we bridge the gap between the macroscale factors theorized to drive womenâs educational gains and the local environments shaping youth outcomes by analyzing gender patterns in BA attainment across rural and urban high school students. Women who attended high school in metropolitan areas hold a clear BA advantage, but not women who attended nonmetropolitan high schools, where girls earn higher grades than boys yet attain bachelorâs degrees at similar rates. We find that, net of other characteristics, womenâs BA advantage is most suppressed in rural counties with strong Republican majorities and limited professional employment opportunities. Overall, our study suggests that womenâs BA advantage is geographically uneven and varies across local sociopolitical and economic conditions.</p> 2256<p><!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 2257<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 2258</div> 2259</div> 2260</div> 2261<div class="topLinks"> 2262<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/SocSci_v13_712to746.pdf" title="Download Sutton" target="_blank">PDF (1198 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-28-712/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-28-712/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 2263<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a28" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 2264</div> 2265<p><div id="tabs-32" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 2266<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 2267<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 2268<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 2269<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 2270</ul> 2271<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 2272Rural communities have lagged urban areas in the economic and sociocultural shifts thought to underlie womenâs advantage in bachelorâs degree (BA) attainment, such as the exp
2272ansion of high-status professional jobs and increasing gender egalitarianism. Using nationally representative data (ELS:2002), we bridge the gap between the macroscale factors theorized to drive womenâs educational gains and the local environments shaping youth outcomes by analyzing gender patterns in BA attainment across rural and urban high school students. Women who attended high school in metropolitan areas hold a clear BA advantage, but not women who attended nonmetropolitan high schools, where girls earn higher grades than boys yet attain bachelorâs degrees at similar rates. We find that, net of other characteristics, womenâs BA advantage is most suppressed in rural counties with strong Republican majorities and limited professional employment opportunities. Overall, our study suggests that womenâs BA advantage is geographically uneven and varies across local sociopolitical and economic conditions.</p> 2273 2274<table id="tablepress-7-no-17" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 2275<tbody> 2276<tr class="row-1"> 2277 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 2278</tr> 2279</tbody> 2280</table> 2281<!-- #tablepress-7-no-17 from cache --> 2282<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2283<div class="tab tab-author-information">April Sutton: UC San Diego-Dept. of Sociology.<br /> 2284E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2285<p>
2285Bernardo Mackenna: UC San Diego-Dept. of Sociology.<br /> 2286E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2287<p>Bolun Zhang: UC San Diego-Dept. of Sociology.<br /> 2288E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2289<p>Amanda Bosky: UC San Diego-Dept. of Sociology.<br /> 2290E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2291<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> This research was supported by a National Academy of Education/Spencer postdoctoral fellowship and a UC San Diego Hellman Fellowship awarded to April Sutton. We are grateful for the helpful feedback of anonymous reviewers. The article also benefited from presentations at the NAEd Annual Meeting and Fall Retreat and the Population Association of America.</p> 2292<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2293<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_712to746_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 2294<p><strong>Reproducibility Package:</strong> A replication package, including code, documentation, and links/DOIs to data sources, is available at Zenodo (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17336597">doi:10.5281/zenodo.17336597</a>). The primary analyses use restricted-access data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) within the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), U.S. Department of Education. These data are available only to approved investigators through the IES/NCES application process (<a href="https://ies.ed.gov/about/restricted-use-data">https://ies.ed.gov/about/restricted-use-data</a>). We provide the URLs/DOIs and table identifiers needed to retrieve the publicly available data (e.g., U.S. Census summary files) we used to augment the ELS:2002.</p> 2295<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2296<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 2297<ul> 2298<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Sutton, April, Bernardo Mackenna, Bolun Zhang, and Amanda Bosky. 2026. âThe Exception to Womenâs Advantage: How Rurality, Red Counties, and the Local Economy Shape Gender Gaps in Educational Attainmentâ Sociological Science 13:712-746.</li> 2299<li><strong>Received</strong>: May 15, 2025</li> 2300<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: October 13, 2025</li> 2301<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Arnout van de Rijt, Kristian B. Karlson</li> 2302<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a28</li> 2303</ul> 2304<p></div><!--/.tab--> 2305<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 2306</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2307<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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2307</div> 2308<div class="woo-fblike fl"> 2309<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-28-712/&layout=standard&show_faces=false&width=450&action=like&colorscheme=light&font=segoe+ui&locale=en_US" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" style="border:none; overflow:hidden; width:auto; height:25px;"></iframe> 2310</div> 2311 </p> 2312 2313 2314 </section><!-- /.entry --> 2315 <div class="post-more"> 2316 <span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-28-712/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> </div> 2317</article><!-- /.post --> 2318 </div><!--/.block--> 2319 <div class="block last"> 2320 <article class="post-8227 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-articles tag-crime-news tag-criminal-justice tag-journalism tag-metrics tag-professions tag-quantification"> 2321 <header> 2322 <h2 class="title"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-27-685/" rel="bookmark" title="Clickbait Crime News? Metrics and Professional Authority in Local Newsrooms">Clickbait Crime News? Metrics and Professional Authority in Local Newsrooms</a></h2> </header> 2323 2324<div class="post-meta"><span class="small">By</span> <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/author/parkerweb/" rel="author">Parker Webservices</a></span></span> <span class="small">on</span> <abbr class="date time published" title="2026-06-22T09:00:58-0700">June 22, 2026</abbr> <span class="small">in</span> <span class="categories"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/category/articles/">Articles</a></span> </div> 2325 <section class="entry"> 2326 2327 <p>Jonathan Ben-Menachem</p> 2328<h6>Sociological Science June 22, 2026<br /> 232910.15195/v13.a27</h6> 2330<p><!-- Modal Window Begins--></p> 2331<div id="modal-276" class="md-modal md-effect-1"> 2332<div class="md-content"> 2333<h3>Abstract</h3> 2334<div> 2335Existing research on newsroom metrics documents how journalists construct compatibility between discordant professional and commercial evaluation frameworks. This study examines the underexplored case where metrics validate existing practices. Drawing on interviews with 58 crime journalists in 40 U.S. newsrooms, I find that reporters whose work consistently performed well on audience metrics often defended professional evaluation criteria. Editors facilitated this defense through brokerage, absorbing commercial logics so reporters could experience their work as professionally guided. Market position structured interpretive responses: reporters could avoid metrics, override them, selectively appropriate them, or integrate them into practice. The transition from pageview to subscription regimes reshaped whether concordance was experienced as contaminating or legitimating. Even under concordance, journalists defended professional evaluation criteria.</p> 2336<p><!-- Abstract Ends --><br /> 2337<button class="md-close">Close</button></p> 2338</div> 2339</div> 2340</div> 2341<div class="topLinks"> 2342<p><div class="download-link"><!--<img decoding="async" src="https://sociologicalscience.com/wp-includes/images/crystal/document.png" style="height:20px;vertical-align:middle;" />--> <a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/SocSci_v13_685to711.pdf" title="Download Menachem" target="_blank">PDF (1027 views)</a></div><span class="post-comments comments"><a href="https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v13-27-685/#respond"><i class="icon-comment"></i> 0</a></span> <a class="lnk_modal-open" href="#" data-modal="/articles-v13-27-685/?feed=cite" data-modaltitle="" data-modaldesc="">Citation</a></p> 2343<div class="altmetric-embed" data-badge-popover="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-doi="10.15195/v13.a27" data-hide-no-mentions="true" data-hide-less-than="0"></div> 2344</div> 2345<p><div id="tabs-64" class="shortcode-tabs boxed"><ul class="tab_titles"> 2346<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-1">Abstract</a></li> 2347<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-2">Author Information</a></li> 2348<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-3">Supplemental Material</a></li> 2349<li class="nav-tab"><a href="#tab-4">Process Info</a></li> 2350</ul> 2351<div class="tab tab-abstract"><br /> 2352Existing research on newsroom metrics documents how journalists construct compatibility between discordant professional and commercial evaluation frameworks. This study examines the underexplored case where metrics validate existing practices. Drawing on interviews with 58 crime journalists in 40 U.S. newsrooms, I find that reporters whose work consistently performed well on audie
2352nce metrics often defended professional evaluation criteria. Editors facilitated this defense through brokerage, absorbing commercial logics so reporters could experience their work as professionally guided. Market position structured interpretive responses: reporters could avoid metrics, override them, selectively appropriate them, or integrate them into practice. The transition from pageview to subscription regimes reshaped whether concordance was experienced as contaminating or legitimating. Even under concordance, journalists defended professional evaluation criteria.</p> 2353 2354<table id="tablepress-7-no-18" class="tablepress tablepress-id-7"> 2355<tbody> 2356<tr class="row-1"> 2357 <td class="column-1"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img decoding="async" style="border-width: 0;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></td><td class="column-2">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</td> 2358</tr> 2359</tbody> 2360</table> 2361<!-- #tablepress-7-no-18 from cache --> 2362<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2363<div class="tab tab-author-information">Jonathan Ben-Menachem: Department of Sociology, Columbia University.<br /> 2364E-mail: [email protected].</p> 2365<p><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> I gratefully acknowledge feedback from my colleagues in Columbia Sociologyâs Qual Lab, my graduate school cohort, and several anonymous reviewers and journal editors. In particular, I thank Ari Galper, Emily Mazo, Tey Meadow, Michael Schudson, Mario Small, and Bruce Western for their generous engagement with this project at various stages. Finally, I thank the journalists who shared their time and experiences with me.</p> 2366<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2367<div class="tab tab-supplemental-material"><a title="Supplemental Materials" href="https://sociologicalscience.com/download/volume-13/june/supplemental_materials/SocSci_v13_685to711_supp.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Supplemental Materials</a></p> 2368<p></div><!--/.tab--><br /> 2369<div class="tab tab-process-info"></p> 2370<ul> 2371<li><strong>Citation</strong>: Ben-Menachem, Jonathan. 2026. âClickbait Crime News? Metrics and Professional Authority in Local Newsroomsâ Sociological Science 13: 685-711.</li> 2372<li><strong>Received</strong>: March 11, 2026</li> 2373<li><strong>Accepted</strong>: May 5, 2026</li> 2374<li><strong>Editors</strong>: Ari Adut, Kieran Healy</li> 2375<li><strong>DOI</strong>: 10.15195/v13.a27</li> 2376</ul> 2377<p></div><!--/.tab--> 2378<div class="fix"></div><!--/.fix--> 2379</div><!--/.tabs--><br /> 2380<div class="woo-sc-twitter left"><a href="http://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button"data-count="horizontal">Tweet</a>
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