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88            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_base">Basic operation</a></li>
89            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_3d">3D chart</a></li>
90            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_monitor">Optical monitor</a></li>
91            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_efi">Electric field intensity</a></li>
92            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_color">Color calculation</a></li>
93            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_mis">Manufacturing error</a></li>
94            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_gd">Group Delay</a></li>
95            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_stack">Stack</a></li>
96            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_back">Reverse side</a></li>
97            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_inhomo">Inhomogeneity</a></li>
98            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_period">Periodic layer</a></li>
99            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_opt">Optimization</a></li>
100            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_nk">n and k analysis</a></li>
101            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_photometer">Spectrometer data</a></li>
102            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_dsp">Dispersion</a></li>
103            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_dspformula">Dispersion formula</a></li>
104            <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#f_misc">Misc calculator</a></li>
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132          <!-- Title -->
133          <h1>Features</h1>
134
135          <!-- Main Text -->
136          <h2 id="f_base">Basic operation</h2>
137
138          <p>
139            Slider bars and up / down buttons can be used to quickly change film thickness and film material, and changes are immediately reflected in the graph.<br>
140            Tabbed sheets allow you to overlay up to 20 film design on a graph.<br>
141            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/feature1_v3_en.gif">
141<img src="/en/images/feature1_v3_en.gif" alt="Basic operation screen"></a><br>
142          </p>
143
144          <h2 id="f_3d">3D chart</h2>
145
146          <p>
147            You can display a 3D graph with xy axes of spectrum and incident angle.<br>
148            You can set the contour lines.<br>
149            It is also possible to rotate and zoom with the mouse.<br>
150            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/wa3d_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/wa3d_v3_en.png" alt="3D chart screen"></a><br>
151          </p>
152
153          <h2 id="f_monitor">Optical monitor</h2>
154
155          <p>
156            Optical monitor simulation that considers the tooling factor and the in situ n and k is possible.<br>
157            All layers information can be displayed simultaneously.<br>
158            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/evp_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/evp_v3_en.png" alt="Optical monitor screen"></a><br>
159          </p>
160          <dl>
161            <dt>Supporting type of monitoring system</dt>
162            <dd>
163              <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/evp3_v3_en.gif"><img src="/en/images/evp3_v3_en.gif" alt="Type of monitoring system"></a><br>
164            </dd>
165          </dl>
166
167          <h2 id="f_efi">Electric field intensity</h2>
168
169          <p>
170            Each polarization of electric field can be displayed.<br>
171            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/efi_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/efi_v3_en.png" alt="Electric field intensity screen"></a><br>
172            The front side and the reverse side electric fields can be displayed simultaneously.<br>
173            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/efi_back_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/efi_back_v3_en.png" alt="Electric field intensity screen(reverse side)"></a><br>
174          </p>
175
176          <h2 id="f_color">Color calculation</h2>
177
178          <p>
179            Color difference can be calculated. For example between the two design or between front side and reverse side.<br>
180            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/color_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/color_v3_en.png" alt="Color calculation screen"></a><br>
181          </p>
182          <dl>
183            <dt>Color system</dt>
184            <dd>
185              XYZxy, CIE L*a*b*, L*C*h, Hunter Lab, L*u*v*, UCS, Whiteness Index, Yellowness Index, sRGB, CIE2000, Dominant Wavelength。<br>
186            </dd>
187            <dt>Kind of the illuminant</dt>
188            <dd>
189              A, B, C, D50, D55, D65, D75, E, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12, ID50, ID65。<br>
190              You can also register your own light source data as a csv file.<br>
191            </dd>
192          </dl>
193
194          <h2 id="f_mis">Manufacturing error</h2>
195
196          <p>
197            It is used to investigate how much the variation in film thickness, refractive index, and absorption coefficient affects the optical characteristics.<br>
198            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/mis1_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/mis1_v3_en.png" alt="Manufacturing error screen"></a><br>
199          </p>
200          <h3>Monte Carlo simulation of spectral characteristics</h3>
201          <p>
202            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/mis2_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/mis2_v3_en.png" alt="Manufacturing error screen(Wavelength)"></a><br>
203          </p>
204          <h3>Monte Carlo simulation of color</h3>
205          <p>
206            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/mis3_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/mis3_v3_en.png" alt="Manufacturing error screen(Color)"></a><br>
207          </p>
208          <p>
209            You can specify the amount of change for each film thickness, refractive index, and absorption coefficient for each layer.<br>
210            The amount of change can be selected from uniform distribution in absolute value, uniform distribution in%, and normal (Gaussian) distribution (σ).<br>
211            We use the Mersenne Twister method to generate random numbers.<br>
212          </p>
213
214          <h2 id="f_gd">Group Delay</h2>
215
216          <p>
217          <div class="col-md-6 mx-2">
218            <table class="table table-sm table-bordered">
219              <thead>
220                <tr>
221                  <th scope="col" colspan="2">Supported Types of Group Delay</th>
222                </tr>
223              </thead>
224              <tbody>
225                <tr>
226                  <td>GD</td>
227                  <td>Group Delay</td>
228                </tr>
229                <tr>
230                  <td>GDD</td>
231                  <td>Group Delay Dispersion</td>
232                </tr>
233                <tr>
234                  <td>CDC</td>
235                  <td>Chromatic Dispersion Coefficient</td>
236                </tr>
237                <tr>
238                  <td>TOD</td>
239                  <td>Third Order Dispersion</td>
240                </tr>
241                <tr>
242                  <td>FOD</td>
243                  <td>Fourth Order Dispersion</td>
244                </tr>
245                <tr>
246                  <td>5OD</td>
247                  <td>Fifth Order Dispersion</td>
248                </tr>
249              </tbody>
250            </table>
251          </div>
252          <div class="col-md-6 mx-2">
253            <table class="table table-sm table-bordered">
254              <thead>
255                <tr>
256                  <th scope="col">Units</th>
257                </tr>
258              </thead>
259              <tbody>
260                <tr>
261                  <td>ps, fs</td>
262                </tr>
263              </tbody>
264            </table>
265          </div>
266          <p>
267            In the calculation of group delay, differentiation also includes the optical constants (the dispersion formulas of n and k).<br>
268            Numerical differentiation (finite difference) with large errors is not used.<br>
269          </p>
270          <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/gd_en.png"><img loading="lazy" src="/en/images/gd_en.png" alt="GD screen"></a><br>
271          </p>
272
273          <h2 id="f_stack">Stack</h2>
274
275          <p>
276            It is possible to calculate the total when the film is attached to each side of multiple substrates (parallel plane substrates).<br>
277            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/stack_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/stack_v3_en.png" alt="Stack screen"></a><br>
278          </p>
279
280          <h2 id="f_back">Reverse side</h2>
281
282          <p>
283            The results of front side and reverse side can be displayed simultaneously.<br>
284            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/back_v3_en.png">
284<img src="/en/images/back_v3_en.png" alt="Simultaneous display of spectral characteristics on the front and back sides"></a><br>
285          </p>
286
287          <h2 id="f_inhomo">Inhomogeneity</h2>
288
289          <p>
290            If the mouse pointer is placed for a while on the "Inhomo..." cell, then the Inhomogeneity profile are displayed on the popup window.<br>
291            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/inh1_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/inh1_v3_en.png" alt="Inhomogeneity preview screen"></a><br>
292          </p>
293
294          <h2 id="f_period">Periodic layer</h2>
295
296          <p>
297            Periodic layer can be displayed very clearly.<br>
298            The magnification of the thickness each periodic layer can be set.<br>
299            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/period_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/period_v3_en.png" alt="Periodic layer screen"></a><br>
300          </p>
301
302          <h2 id="f_opt">Optimization</h2>
303
304          <h3>Optimization(1) Standard mode</h3>
305          <p>
306            Standard mode has three search methods. Local search, global search and needle search.<br>
307            You can select the spectrometer data as the target, then simulate the difference between design and measured values easily.<br>
308          </p>
309          <dl>
310            <dt>Local search</dt>
311            <dd>
312              Local search is used Levenberg-Marquardt Method for optimization thickness.<br>
313            </dd>
314            <dt>Global search</dt>
315            <dd>
316              Global search is used Simulated Annealing Method and Levenberg-Marquardt Method.<br>
317            </dd>
318            <dt>Needle search</dt>
319            <dd>
320              Needle search works by adding the needle-like layers into the design. After the needle-like layers have been added, the local search is used to optimization.
321            </dd>
322          </dl>
323
324          <h3>Optimization(2) Free-hand mode</h3>
325          When you trace with the mouse while holding down the left button near the selected series, then the shape of series is deformed. Optimize will be started automatically when you release the left button.<br>
326
327          <h2 id="f_nk">n and k calculation for substrate and film</h2>
328
329          <p>
330            This function calculates n and k of a substrate or monolayer film from the measured values of spectral reflectance and spectral transmittance.<br>
331          </p>
332          <ol>
333            <li class="mt-1">Calculate refractive index of substrate without absorption<br>
334              Calculate the refractive index of a substrate without films. It is used when there is no absorption on the substrate. A single-sided matte substrate or double-sided polished substrate is required.
335            </li>
336            <li class="mt-2">Calculate refractive index, absorption coefficient and internal transmittance of substrate<br>
337              Calculate the refractive index of a substrate without films. It is used when substrate has absorption. Both single-sided matte substrate and double-sided polished substrate are required.
338            </li>
339            <li class="mt-2">n and k analysis of monolayer film<br>
340              From the spectral reflectance and spectral transmittance, n, k and film thickness (d) of the film are analyzed by curve fitting to the dispersion formula.<br>
341              Added an option to analyze only normal dispersion (dispersion in which the refractive index increases as the wavelength becomes shorter).<br>
342              It is now possible to calculate each measurement data of "front reflection", "back reflection", and "transmission" even with different wavelengths and different measurement points.</li>
343            <li class="mt-2">Calculate n and k of monolayer metal film<br>
344              Calculate n and k of the metal film from the front surface reflectance and the back-surface reflectance. The substrate must be thick enough and have a zero transmittance.</li>
345          </ol>
346
347          <h2 id="f_photometer">Spectrometer data</h2>
348
349          <p>
350            The spectrophotometer measured data files can be read on the chart.<br>
351            If the measured data is relative value, you can convert the relative value into absolute value.<br>
352            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/photometer_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/photometer_v3_en.png" alt="Spectrometer data on the chart screen"></a><br>
353          </p>
354          <dl>
355            <dt>Supported file format</dt>
356            <dd>
357              Hitachi UV-Solutions files and UV1 files(*.UDSS, *.UDS, *.UDA, *.UV1),<br>
358              Shimadzu SPC files,<br>
359              Olympus-USPM files(*.dat, *.csv),<br>
360              Jasco JWS files,<br>
361              Ocean-Optics OOi-Base32 files,<br>
362              csv files,<br>
363              tab separated text files.<br>
364            </dd>
365          </dl>
366
367          <h2 id="f_dsp">Dispersion</h2>
368
369          <h3>Substrate</h3>
370          <dl>
371            <dt>1381 kinds of substrate are registered.</dt>
372            <dd>
373              SCHOTT, OHARA, HOYA, SUMITA, HIKARI, CDGM
374              <br>
375              APEL, ZEONEX, PMMA, Polycarbonate, etc.<br>
376              You can also register your own data.
377            </dd>
378          </dl>
379
380          <h3>Film material</h3>
381          <dl>
382            <dt>The following 33 types of materials are registered.</dt>
383            <dd>
384              Ag, Al2O3, AL, Au, Cr, Cu, H2, H4, LaF3, M3, M3-RT, MgF2, Nb2O5, Nb2O5-RT, OH5, OH5-RT, OS50, OS50-RT, SiO2, Ta2O5, Ta2O5-RT, Ti, TiO2, Zn, ZnS, ZrO2, Cytop<br>
385            </dd>
386            <dd>
387              Al2O3(KTM), HfO2(KTM), LaF3(KTM), Ti3O5(KTM), ZrO2(KTM), ZRT2(KTM)<br>
388              KTM: <a href="http://www.hakumaku.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Kyoto Thin-Film Materials Institute</a>
389            </dd>
390            <dd>
391              You can also register your own data.
392            </dd>
393          </dl>
394
395          <h2 id="f_dspformula">Kind of the dispersion formula</h2>
396          <h3>Dispersion formulas of refractive index n</h3>
397          <ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
398            <li class="list-group-item">
399              Sellmeier<br>
400              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ 1 + {A_0&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_3} + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_4} + {A_2&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_5} } \]
401            </li>
402            <li class="list-group-item">
403              Sellmeier2<br>
404              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ 1 + A_0 + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-{A_3}^2} + {A_2 \over &lambda;^2-{A_4}^2} } \]
405              <div class="text-center">* A<sub>2</sub> does not have λ<sup>2</sup>.</div><br>
406            </li>
407            <li class="list-group-item">
408              Sellmeier3<br>
409              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ 1 + {A_0&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_4} + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_5} + {A_2&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_6} + {A_3&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_7} } \]
410            </li>
411            <li class="list-group-item">
412              Sellmeier4<br>
413              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_3} + {A_2&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_4} } \]
414            </li>
415            <li class="list-group-item">
416              Sellmeier5<br>
417              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ 1 + {A_0&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_5} + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_6} + {A_2&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_7} + {A_3&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_8} + {A_4&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_9} } \]
418            </li>
419            <li class="list-group-item">
420              SellmeierT1<br>
421              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_2} } \]
422            </li>
423            <li class="list-group-item">
424              SellmeierT2<br>
425              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-A_2} + A_3&lambda;^2 } \]
426            </li>
427            <li class="list-group-item">
428              SellmeierX1<br>
429              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ 1 + {A_0&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-{A_3}^2} + {A_1&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-{A_4}^2} + {A_2&lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2-{A_5}^2} } \]
430            </li>
431            <li class="list-group-item">
432              General1<br>
433              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + A_1&lambda;^2 + {A_2 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_3 \over &lambda;^4} + {A_4 \over &lambda;^6} + {A_5 \over &lambda;^8} + A_6&lambda;^4 } \]
434            </li>
435            <li class="list-group-item">
436              General2 (Old Schott)<br>
437              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + A_1&lambda;^2 + {A_2 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_3 \over &lambda;^4} + {A_4 \over &lambda;^6} + {A_5 \over &lambda;^8} } \]
438            </li>
439            <li class="list-group-item">
440              Cauchy<br>
441              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_2 \over &lambda;^4} \]
442            </li>
443            <li class="list-group-item">
444              Hartmann1<br>
445              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over &lambda; - A_2} \]
446            </li>
447            <li class="list-group-item">
448              Hartmann2<br>
449              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over (&lambda; - A_2)^2} \]
450            </li>
451            <li class="list-group-item">
452              Herzberger<br>
453              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + A_1 &lambda;^2 + {A_2 \over (&lambda;^2 - 0.168^2)} + {A_3 \over (&lambda;^2 - 0.168^2)^2} \]
454            </li>
455            <li class="list-group-item">
456              Herzberger2<br>
457              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over (&lambda;^2 - 0.028)} + {A_2 \over (&lambda;^2 - 0.028)^2} + A_3 &lambda;^2 + A_4 &lambda;^4 + A_5 &lambda;^6 \]
458            </li>
459            <li class="list-group-item">
460              QUAD<br>
461              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over &lambda;^2} \]
462            </li>
463            <li class="list-group-item">
464              QUADSK<br>
465              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + A_1 &lambda; + A_2 &lambda;^2 \]
466            </li>
467            <li class="list-group-item">
468              Conrady<br>
469              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + {A_1 \over &lambda;} + {A_2 \over &lambda;^{3.5}} \]
470            </li>
471            <li class="list-group-item">
472              Handbook1 (Handbook of Optics)<br>
473              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + {A_1 \over (&lambda;^2 - A_2)} - A_3&lambda;^2 } \]
474            </li>
475            <li class="list-group-item">
476              Handbook2 (Handbook of Optics)<br>
477              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + { A_1 &lambda;^2 \over (&lambda;^2 - A_2)} - A_3&lambda;^2 } \]
478            </li>
479            <li class="list-group-item">
480              Extended (ZEMAX)<br>
481              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + A_1&lambda;^2 + {A_2 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_3 \over &lambda;^4} + {A_4 \over &lambda;^6} + {A_5 \over &lambda;^8} + {A_6 \over &lambda;^{10}} + {A_7 \over &lambda;^{12}} } \]
482            </li>
483            <li class="list-group-item">
484              Extended2 (ZEMAX)<br>
485              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + A_1&lambda;^2 + {A_2 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_3 \over &lambda;^4} + {A_4 \over &lambda;^6} + {A_5 \over &lambda;^8} + A_6 &lambda;^4 + A_7 &lambda;^6 } \]
486            </li>
487            <li class="list-group-item">
488              Extended3 (ZEMAX)<br>
489              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + A_1&lambda;^2 + A_2&lambda;^4 + {A_3 \over &lambda;^2} + {A_4 \over &lambda;^4} + {A_5 \over &lambda;^6} + {A_6 \over &lambda;^8} + {A_7 \over &lambda;^{10}} + {A_8 \over &lambda;^{12}} } \]
490            </li>
491            <li class="list-group-item">
492              Buchdahl<br>
493              \[n(&lambda;) = A_0 + A_1 &omega;(&lambda;) + A_2 &omega;(&lambda;)^2 \]
494              \[&omega;(&lambda;) = { &lambda; - A_3 \over 1 + 2.5(&lambda; - A_3) } \]
495            </li>
496            <li class="list-group-item">
497              DRUDE<br>
498              \[{n^2}(&lambda;) - {k^2}(&lambda;) = A_0 - { A_1 {A_2}^2 &lambda;^2 \over &lambda;^2 + {A_2}^2 } \]
499            </li>
500            <li class="list-group-item">
501              LorentzianK<br>
502              \[n(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ A_0 + {k^2}(&lambda;) + A_1 &lambda;^2 {(&lambda;^2 - {A_2}^2) \over (&lambda;^2 - {A_2}^2)^2 + {A_3}^2 &lambda;^2 } } \]
503            </li>
504            <li class="list-group-item">
505              Forouhi-Bloomer<br>
506              \[n(E) = n(&infin;) + {B_0E+C_0 \over E^2 - BE + C} \]
507              \[B_0 = {A \over Q}{({-B^2 \over 2} + E_gB - {E_g}^2 + C)} \]
508              \[C_0 = {A \over Q}{\left(({E_g}^2 + C){B \over 2}-2E_gC\right)} \]
509              \[Q = {1 \over 2}{(4C-B^2)}^{1 \over 2} \]
510              \[E= {{hc} \over &lambda;} \]
511                  <div class="text-center">
512                  h: Planck's constant, c: Light speed, The unit of E: eV.<br>
513                  n(∞), Eg, A, B, C: Material constants(parameters of the dispersion formula)
514                  </div>
515                </li>
516                <li class="list-group-item">
517                A<sub>0</sub>, A<sub>1</sub>, A<sub>2</sub>, A<sub>3</sub>, A<sub>4</sub>, A<sub>5</sub>, A<sub>6</sub>, A<sub>7</sub>, A<sub>8</sub>, A<sub>9</sub>: material constants.<br>
518                The unit of λ is μm (excluding Forouhi-Bloomer).
519              </li>
520            </ul>
521
522          <h3>Dispersion formulas of absorption coefficient k</h3>
523            <ul class="list-group list-group-flush">
524              <li class="list-group-item">
525                Sellmeier<br>
526                \[k(&lambda;) = {\biggl[ n(&lambda;) \biggl(B_0 &lambda; + {B_1 \over &lambda;} + {B_2 \over &lambda;^3} \biggr) \biggr]}^{-1} \]
527              </li>
528              <li class="list-group-item">
529                Cauchy<br>
530                \[k(&lambda;) = B_0 + {B_1 \over &lambda;^2} + {B_2 \over &lambda;^4} \]
531              </li>
532              <li class="list-group-item">
533                Exponential<br>
534                \[k(&lambda;) = B_0 \cdot exp(B_1 &lambda;^{-1}) \]
535              </li>
536              <li class="list-group-item">
537                QUADSK<br>
538                \[k(&lambda;) = B_0 + B_1 &lambda; + B_2 &lambda;^2 \]
539              </li>
540              <li class="list-group-item">
541                DRUDE<br>
542                \[2n(&lambda;)k(&lambda;) = { A_1 A_2 &lambda;^3 \over &lambda;^2 + {A_2}^2 } \]
543              </li>
544              <li class="list-group-item">
545                LorentzianK<br>
546                \[k(&lambda;) = \sqrt{ {0.5 \over n(&lambda;)} \cdot {A_1 A_3 &lambda;^3 \over (&lambda;^2 - {A_2}^2)^2 + {A_3}^2 &lambda;^2 } } \]
547              </li>
548              <li class="list-group-item">
549                  Forouhi-Bloomer<br>
550                  \[k(E) = {A(E-E_g)^2 \over {E^2 - BE + C}} \]
551              \[E= {{hc} \over &lambda;} \]
552                <div class="text-center">
553                h: Planck's constant, c: Light speed, The unit of E: eV.<br>
554                  Eg, A, B, C: Material constants(parameters of the dispersion formula)
555                </div>
556              </li>
557              <li class="list-group-item">
558              B<sub>0</sub>, B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>: material constants.<br>
559              The unit of λ is μm (excluding Forouhi-Bloomer).
560              </li>
561            </ul>
562
563          <h2 id="f_misc">Misc calculator</h2>
564
565          <p>
566            The misc calculator is the simple calculation tool of thin film.
567          </p>
568          <h3>Refractive index</h3>
569          <p>
570            Calculate refractive index from the reflectance at the QWOT peak measured with the spectrophotometer.<br>
571            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/misc1_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/misc1_v3_en.png" alt="Refractive index screen"></a><br>
572          </p>
573          <h3>Two surface</h3>
574          <p>
575            Calculate the total reflectance at the two surfaces when incoherent.<br>
576            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/misc2_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/misc2_v3_en.png" alt="Two surface screen"></a><br>
577          </p>
578          <h3>Equivalent film</h3>
579          <p>
580            Calculate the thickness when dividing a QWOT layer into three layers.<br>
581            <a class="zoom" href="/en/images/misc3_v3_en.png"><img src="/en/images/misc3_v3_en.png" alt="Equivalent film screen"></a><br>
582          </p>
583
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585
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