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359						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/10/01/insulating-legal-reality-assessing-germanys-position-on-the-relevance-of-advisory-opinions/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Insulating Legal Reality? Assessing Germany’s Position on the Relevance of Advisory Opinions">
360							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
3601&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-53.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
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366								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
367									<span class="date_day">01</span>
368									<span class="date_month">Oct</span>
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373								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/10/01/insulating-legal-reality-assessing-germanys-position-on-the-relevance-of-advisory-opinions/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Insulating Legal Reality? Assessing Germany’s Position on the Relevance of Advisory Opinions">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Insulating Legal Reality? Assessing Germany’s Position on the Relevance of Advisory Opinions</a></h2>
374								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
375[Shahd Hammouri is a lecturer in international law and legal theory at the University of Kent, and a senior legal advisor at Law for Palestine. She is the author of Corporate War Profiteering and International Law (CUP, forthcoming 2026).]
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379Germany’s insistence that ICJ advisory opinions cannot become a route around consent in contentious proceedings is doctrinally intelligible. But its argument risks...</p>								<div class="post_info">
380									<div class="post_info_left">
381 										 										
382 										
383 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/shahd-hammouri/" title="Posts by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>										
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388																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/10/01/insulating-legal-reality-assessing-germanys-position-on-the-relevance-of-advisory-opinions/#respond" target="_self">
389											0 Comments											</a>
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406					<article id="post-53252" class="post-53252 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-apartheid tag-convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-racial-discrimination tag-erga-omnes-obligations tag-gaza tag-genocide-convention tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-treaty-based-jurisdiction">
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409						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/competing-jurisdictions-apartheid-under-cerd-and-customary-international-law/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211;
409 Competing Jurisdictions? Apartheid Under CERD and Customary International Law">
410							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?resize=580%2C331&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-54.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
411					</div>
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416								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
417									<span class="date_day">30</span>
418									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
419									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
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423								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/competing-jurisdictions-apartheid-under-cerd-and-customary-international-law/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211;
423 Competing Jurisdictions? Apartheid Under CERD and Customary International Law">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Competing Jurisdictions? Apartheid Under CERD and Customary International Law</a></h2>
424								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
425[Jinan Bastaki is Associate Professor of Legal Studies at New York University, Abu Dhabi.
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429Victor Kattan is Assistant Professor of Public International Law, University of Nottingham. He is also a Smuts Visiting Fellow at the University of Cambridge (2026-7).]
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433The proceedings in Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in Respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany) before the International Court...</p>								<div class="post_info">
434									<div class="post_info_left">
435 										 										
436 										
437 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jinan-bastaki/" title="Posts by Jinan Bastaki" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jinan Bastaki</a> and <a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/victor-kattan/" title="Posts by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>										
438										
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442																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/competing-jurisdictions-apartheid-under-cerd-and-customary-international-law/#respond" target="_self">
443											0 Comments											</a>
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460					<article id="post-53250" class="post-53250 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-erga-omnes-obligations tag-gaza tag-genocide-convention tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-temporal-jurisdiction">
461			<div class="post_content_holder">
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463						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/from-historical-context-to-succeeding-conduct-germanys-arms-transfers-and-the-temporal-scope-of-icj-jurisdiction/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; From Historical Context to Succeeding Conduct: Germany’s Arms Transfers and the Temporal Scope of ICJ Jurisdiction">
464							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
4641&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i0.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-58.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
465					</div>
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469							<div class="blog_column1">
470								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
471									<span class="date_day">30</span>
472									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
473									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
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477								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/from-historical-context-to-succeeding-conduct-germanys-arms-transfers-and-the-temporal-scope-of-icj-jurisdiction/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; From Historical Context to Succeeding Conduct: Germany’s Arms Transfers and the Temporal Scope of ICJ Jurisdiction">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; From Historical Context to Succeeding Conduct: Germany’s Arms Transfers and the Temporal Scope of ICJ Jurisdiction</a></h2>
478								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
479[Dr Nahed Samour is Associate Researcher at Radboud University in Nijmegen, The Netherlands.]
480
481
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483While the oral hearings in the ICJ Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany) from September 7-10, 2026 raise questions of jurisdiction and admissibility only, it would be misleading to understand the question of temporal limitations (ratione temporis) as...</p>								<div class="post_info">
484									<div class="post_info_left">
485 										 										
486 										
487 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/nahed-samour/" title="Posts by Nahed Samour" class="author url fn" rel="author">Nahed Samour</a>										
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492																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/30/from-historical-context-to-succeeding-conduct-germanys-arms-transfers-and-the-temporal-scope-of-icj-jurisdiction/#respond" target="_self">
493											0 Comments											</a>
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510					<article id="post-53248" class="post-53248 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-gaza tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-occupation tag-temporal-jurisdiction tag-third-state-responsibility">
511			<div class="post_content_holder">
512									<div class="post_image">
513						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/temporality-and-third-state-responsibility-in-prolonged-occupations/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Temporality and Third-State Responsibility in Prolonged Occupations">
514							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
5141&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i1.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-59.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
515					</div>
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518						<div class="post_text_holder">
519							<div class="blog_column1">
520								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
521									<span class="date_day">29</span>
522									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
523									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
524								</div>
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527								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/temporality-and-third-state-responsibility-in-prolonged-occupations/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Temporality and Third-State Responsibility in Prolonged Occupations">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Temporality and Third-State Responsibility in Prolonged Occupations</a></h2>
528								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
529[Ihsan Adel is the Founder and Chair of Law for Palestine and an international lawyer currently pursuing a PhD in Germany.]
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531
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533The preliminary objections proceedings in Nicaragua v Germany raise a temporal question extending beyond that case: when an occupation lasts for decades and its legal character evolves over time, how should a court identify the “situations or facts” giving rise...</p>								<div class="post_info">
534									<div class="post_info_left">
535 										 										
536 										
537 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/ihsan-adel/" title="Posts by Ihsan Adel" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ihsan Adel</a>										
538										
539											<span class="post_author">
540												 | 
541											</span>
542																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/temporality-and-third-state-responsibility-in-prolonged-occupations/#respond" target="_self">
543											0 Comments											</a>
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560					<article id="post-53245" class="post-53245 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-gaza tag-geneva-conventions tag-genocide-convention tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-monetary-gold-principle">
561			<div class="post_content_holder">
562									<div class="post_image">
563						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/nicaraguas-monetary-gold-problem-and-its-solution/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Nicaragua’s Monetary Gold Problem (and its Solution)">
564							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
5641&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-63.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
565					</div>
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568						<div class="post_text_holder">
569							<div class="blog_column1">
570								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
571									<span class="date_day">29</span>
572									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
573									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
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577								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/nicaraguas-monetary-gold-problem-and-its-solution/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Nicaragua’s Monetary Gold Problem (and its Solution)">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; Nicaragua’s Monetary Gold Problem (and its Solution)</a></h2>
578								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
579[Adil Ahmad Haque is a Distinguished Professor of Law and Judge Jon O. Newman Scholar at Rutgers Law School.]
580
581
582
583In its Preliminary Objections, Germany argues that Nicaragua’s claims are inadmissible because their resolution would require the Court to find Israel responsible for illegal conduct in its absence and without its consent. In its prior cases, namely Monetary Gold and East Timor,...</p>								<div class="post_info">
584									<div class="post_info_left">
585 										 										
586 										
587 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/adil-haque/" title="Posts by Adil Ahmad Haque" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adil Ahmad Haque</a>										
588										
589											<span class="post_author">
590												 | 
591											</span>
592																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/29/nicaraguas-monetary-gold-problem-and-its-solution/#respond" target="_self">
593											0 Comments											</a>
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610					<article id="post-53243" class="post-53243 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-gaza tag-geneva-conventions tag-genocide-convention tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-monetary-gold-principle">
611			<div class="post_content_holder">
612									<div class="post_image">
613						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/the-monetary-gold-principle-and-preliminary-objections-in-the-nicaragua-v-germany-case/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; The Monetary Gold Principle and Preliminary Objections in the Nicaragua v. Germany Case">
614							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
6141&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-50.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
615					</div>
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620								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
621									<span class="date_day">28</span>
622									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
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626							<div class="blog_column2">
627								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/the-monetary-gold-principle-and-preliminary-objections-in-the-nicaragua-v-germany-case/" title="Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; The Monetary Gold Principle and Preliminary Objections in the Nicaragua v. Germany Case">Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility, and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ &#8211; The Monetary Gold Principle and Preliminary Objections in the Nicaragua v. Germany Case</a></h2>
628								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
629[Dr Marco Longobardo is a Reader in International Law at the School of Law of the University of Westminster. He is the author of The Use of Armed Force in Occupied Territory (Cambridge University Press, 2018) and Sufficient Gravity before the International Criminal Court (Edward Elgar 2026).]
630
631
632
633Introduction
634
635
636
637In the week that started on 7th September 2027, the ICJ heard the pleadings...</p>								<div class="post_info">
638									<div class="post_info_left">
639 										 										
640 										
641 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/marco-longobardo/" title="Posts by Marco Longobardo" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marco Longobardo</a>										
642										
643											<span class="post_author">
644												 | 
645											</span>
646																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/the-monetary-gold-principle-and-preliminary-objections-in-the-nicaragua-v-germany-case/#respond" target="_self">
647											0 Comments											</a>
648																			</div>
649									<div class="post_info_right">
650																														
651									</div>
652								</div>
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663
664					<article id="post-53260" class="post-53260 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law category-symposia category-themes tag-arms-exports tag-arms-trade-treaty tag-convention-on-the-elimination-of-all-forms-of-racial-discrimination tag-customary-international-law tag-erga-omnes-obligations tag-gaza tag-german-law tag-germany tag-icj tag-israel tag-monetary-gold-principle tag-temporal-jurisdiction tag-third-state-responsibility tag-treaty-law">
665			<div class="post_content_holder">
666									<div class="post_image">
667						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/introduction-to-the-symposium-on-jurisdiction-responsibility-and-temporality-nicaragua-v-germany-before-the-icj/" title="Introduction to the Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ">
668							<img width="1792" height="1024" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?fit=1792%2C1024&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?w=1792&amp;ssl=1 1792w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?resize=300%2C171&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?resize=768%2C439&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?resize=580%2C33
6681&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?resize=345%2C198&amp;ssl=1 345w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Designer-51.jpeg?resize=700%2C400&amp;ssl=1 700w" sizes="(max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" />						</a>
669					</div>
670								<div class="post_text">
671					<div class="post_text_inner">
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673							<div class="blog_column1">
674								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
675									<span class="date_day">28</span>
676									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
677									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
678								</div>
679							</div>
680							<div class="blog_column2">
681								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/introduction-to-the-symposium-on-jurisdiction-responsibility-and-temporality-nicaragua-v-germany-before-the-icj/" title="Introduction to the Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ">Introduction to the Symposium on Jurisdiction, Responsibility and Temporality: Nicaragua v. Germany Before the ICJ</a></h2>
682								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
683[Jinan Bastaki is Associate Professor of Legal Studies at New York University, Abu Dhabi.]
684
685
686
687The International Court of Justice’s proceedings in&nbsp;Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in Respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany)&nbsp;raise questions that extend well beyond the immediate dispute between the two States. At their core is the question of when international law can hold one...</p>								<div class="post_info">
688									<div class="post_info_left">
689 										 										
690 										
691 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jinan-bastaki/" title="Posts by Jinan Bastaki" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jinan Bastaki</a>										
692										
693											<span class="post_author">
694												 | 
695											</span>
696																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/introduction-to-the-symposium-on-jurisdiction-responsibility-and-temporality-nicaragua-v-germany-before-the-icj/#respond" target="_self">
697											0 Comments											</a>
698																			</div>
699									<div class="post_info_right">
700																														
701									</div>
702								</div>
703							</div>
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705					</div>
706				</div>
707			</div>
708			
709		</article>
710		
711
712		
713
714					<article id="post-53271" class="post-53271 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law tag-dolus-specialis tag-gambia tag-genocide-convention tag-icj tag-myanmar tag-specific-intent tag-treaty-interpretation">
715			<div class="post_content_holder">
716									<div class="post_image">
717						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-3-bosnia-v-serbia-beyond-paragraphs-190-and-344-external-context-and-implications/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 3: Bosnia v. Serbia Beyond Paragraphs 190 and 344, External Context, and Implications">
718							<img width="3423" height="2567" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?fit=3423%2C2567&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3423&amp;ssl=1 3423w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=580%2C435&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=700%2C525&amp;ssl=1 700w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=2120 2120w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 3423px) 100vw, 3423px" />						</a>
719					</div>
720								<div class="post_text">
721					<div class="post_text_inner">
722						<div class="post_text_holder">
723							<div class="blog_column1">
724								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
725									<span class="date_day">28</span>
726									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
727									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
728								</div>
729							</div>
730							<div class="blog_column2">
731								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-p
731art-3-bosnia-v-serbia-beyond-paragraphs-190-and-344-external-context-and-implications/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 3: Bosnia v. Serbia Beyond Paragraphs 190 and 344, External Context, and Implications">‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 3: Bosnia v. Serbia Beyond Paragraphs 190 and 344, External Context, and Implications</a></h2>
732								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
733[Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány holds a Ph.D. in public international law from Leiden University. She is an independent researcher and has worked, inter alia, at Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, and been a rapporteur for Oxford International Organizations.]
734
735
736
737Introduction
738
739
740
741This post concludes a series of three. Following an introduction that described the parse mention in the submissions in The Gambia v. Myanmar...</p>								<div class="post_info">
742									<div class="post_info_left">
743 										 										
744 										
745 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/zsuzsanna-deenracsmany/" title="Posts by Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány</a>										
746										
747											<span class="post_author">
748												 | 
749											</span>
750																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-3-bosnia-v-serbia-beyond-paragraphs-190-and-344-external-context-and-implications/#respond" target="_self">
751											0 Comments											</a>
752																			</div>
753									<div class="post_info_right">
754																														
755									</div>
756								</div>
757							</div>
758						</div>
759					</div>
760				</div>
761			</div>
762			
763		</article>
764		
765
766		
767
768					<article id="post-53269" class="post-53269 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law tag-dolus-specialis tag-ethnic-cleansing tag-gambia tag-genocide-convention tag-icj tag-myanmar tag-specific-intent tag-treaty-interpretation">
769			<div class="post_content_holder">
770									<div class="post_image">
771						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-2-what-the-icj-did-not-say-in-bosnia-v-serbia-but-read-into-it-in-croatia-v-serbia/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 2: What the ICJ Did Not Say in Bosnia v. Serbia—But Read into it in Croatia v. Serbia">
772							<img width="3423" height="2567" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?fit=3423%2C2567&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3423&amp;ssl=1 3423w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=580%2C435&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=700%2C525&amp;ssl=1 700w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=2120 2120w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 3423px) 100vw, 3423px" />						</a>
773					</div>
774								<div class="post_text">
775					<div class="post_text_inner">
776						<div class="post_text_holder">
777							<div class="blog_column1">
778								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
779									<span class="date_day">28</span>
780									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
781									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
782								</div>
783							</div>
784							<div class="blog_column2">
785								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-p
785art-2-what-the-icj-did-not-say-in-bosnia-v-serbia-but-read-into-it-in-croatia-v-serbia/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 2: What the ICJ Did Not Say in Bosnia v. Serbia—But Read into it in Croatia v. Serbia">‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 2: What the ICJ Did Not Say in Bosnia v. Serbia—But Read into it in Croatia v. Serbia</a></h2>
786								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
787[Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány holds a Ph.D. in public international law from Leiden University. She is an independent researcher and has worked, inter alia, at Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, and been a rapporteur for Oxford International Organizations.] 
788
789
790
791Introduction
792
793
794
795This post is the second in a series of three in which I advocate for reconsideration of the dominant interpretation of Article II...</p>								<div class="post_info">
796									<div class="post_info_left">
797 										 										
798 										
799 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/zsuzsanna-deenracsmany/" title="Posts by Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány</a>										
800										
801											<span class="post_author">
802												 | 
803											</span>
804																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-2-what-the-icj-did-not-say-in-bosnia-v-serbia-but-read-into-it-in-croatia-v-serbia/#respond" target="_self">
805											0 Comments											</a>
806																			</div>
807									<div class="post_info_right">
808																														
809									</div>
810								</div>
811							</div>
812						</div>
813					</div>
814				</div>
815			</div>
816			
817		</article>
818		
819
820		
821
822					<article id="post-53267" class="post-53267 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-humanitarian-law category-public-international-law tag-dolus-specialis tag-gambia tag-genocide-convention tag-icj tag-myanmar tag-specific-intent tag-treaty-interpretation">
823			<div class="post_content_holder">
824									<div class="post_image">
825						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-1-the-genocide-convention-its-travaux-and-related-problems-with-the-dominant-interpretation/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 1: The Genocide Convention, its Travaux, and Related Problems with the Dominant Interpretation">
826							<img width="3423" height="2567" src="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?fit=3423%2C2567&amp;ssl=1" class="attachment-full size-full wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3423&amp;ssl=1 3423w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=580%2C435&amp;ssl=1 580w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=800%2C600&amp;ssl=1 800w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?resize=700%2C525&amp;ssl=1 700w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=2120 2120w, https://i2.wp.com/opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/Myanmar-soldier.jpeg?w=3180 3180w" sizes="(max-width: 3423px) 100vw, 3423px" />						</a>
827					</div>
828								<div class="post_text">
829					<div class="post_text_inner">
830						<div class="post_text_holder">
831							<div class="blog_column1">
832								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
833									<span class="date_day">28</span>
834									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
835									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
836								</div>
837							</div>
838							<div class="blog_column2">
839								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-p
839art-1-the-genocide-convention-its-travaux-and-related-problems-with-the-dominant-interpretation/" title="‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 1: The Genocide Convention, its Travaux, and Related Problems with the Dominant Interpretation">‘To Destroy the Group Physically’? Part 1: The Genocide Convention, its Travaux, and Related Problems with the Dominant Interpretation</a></h2>
840								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
841[Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány holds a Ph.D. in public international law from Leiden University. She is an independent researcher and has worked, inter alia, at Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, and been a rapporteur for Oxford International Organizations.]
842
843
844
845Introduction
846
847
848
849Contrary to the earlier genocide cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ or the Court) against Serbia (here and here), the nature...</p>								<div class="post_info">
850									<div class="post_info_left">
851 										 										
852 										
853 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/zsuzsanna-deenracsmany/" title="Posts by Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány</a>										
854										
855											<span class="post_author">
856												 | 
857											</span>
858																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/28/to-destroy-the-group-physically-part-1-the-genocide-convention-its-travaux-and-related-problems-with-the-dominant-interpretation/#respond" target="_self">
859											0 Comments											</a>
860																			</div>
861									<div class="post_info_right">
862																														
863									</div>
864								</div>
865							</div>
866						</div>
867					</div>
868				</div>
869			</div>
870			
871		</article>
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873
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875
876					<article id="post-53229" class="post-53229 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-featured category-uncategorized tag-in-memorium">
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880						<div class="post_text_holder">
881							<div class="blog_column1">
882								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
883									<span class="date_day">27</span>
884									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
885									<meta itemprop="interactionCount" content="UserComments: 0"/>
886								</div>
887							</div>
888							<div class="blog_column2">
889								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/27/goodbye-goran/" title="Goodbye Göran">Goodbye Göran</a></h2>
890								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
891I long ago stopped blogging, but a recent development inspires me to briefly return from retirement. As some of you already know, Prof. Göran Sluiter, an energetic, entrepreneurial, and pathbreaking scholar of international and comparative criminal law and procedure, has passed away much too soon after a battle with cancer. Prof. Sluiter was just 55.&nbsp;&nbsp;
892
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894
895A longtime professor at the University...</p>								<div class="post_info">
896									<div class="post_info_left">
897 										 										
898 										
899 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jens-ohlin/" title="Posts by Jens David Ohlin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jens David Ohlin</a>										
900										
901											<span class="post_author">
902												 | 
903											</span>
904																															<a itemprop="url" class="post_comments" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/27/goodbye-goran/#respond" target="_self">
905											0 Comments											</a>
906																			</div>
907									<div class="post_info_right">
908																														
909									</div>
910								</div>
911							</div>
912						</div>
913					</div>
914				</div>
915			</div>
916			
917		</article>
918		
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920		
921
922					<article id="post-53227" class="post-53227 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-courts-and-tribunals category-featured category-uncategorized category-international-criminal-law category-organizations category-public-international-law tag-assembly-of-state-parties tag-european-union tag-international-criminal-court tag-sanctions">
923			<div class="post_content_holder">
924									<div class="post_image">
925						<a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/25/positive-retorsion-and-the-power-and-responsibilities-of-states-p
925arties-to-protect-the-icc/" title="Positive Retorsion and the Power and Responsibilities of States Parties to Protect the ICC">
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932								<div itemprop="dateCreated" class="date entry_date updated">
933									<span class="date_day">25</span>
934									<span class="date_month">Sep</span>
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939								<h2 itemprop="name" class="entry_title"><a itemprop="url" href="https://opiniojuris.org/2026/09/25/positive-retorsion-and-the-power-and-responsibilities-of-states-parties-to-protect-the-icc/" title="Positive Retorsion and the Power and Responsibilities of States Parties to Protect the ICC">Positive Retorsion and the Power and Responsibilities of States Parties to Protect the ICC</a></h2>
940								<p itemprop="description" class="post_excerpt">
941[Jens Iverson is an assistant professor of international law at Leiden University.]
942
943
944
945In November 2025, I wrote on this site about The Power and Responsibility of the EU to Protect the ICC from US Sanctions. There I discussed issues such as the use of the Anti-Coercion Instrument, (AKA “the Big Bazooka”), the&nbsp;Extraterritoriality (Blocking) Statute&nbsp;and the&nbsp;European Commission supported&nbsp;Digital Commons European Digital Infrastructure Consortium...</p>								<div class="post_info">
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949 										<a href="https://opiniojuris.org/author/jens-iverson/" title="Posts by Jens Iverson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jens Iverson</a>										
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