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application","Compost topdressing to boost microbial activity","Corn gluten meal for mild suppression"]},preventionTips:["Maintain adequate nitrogen levels","Avoid evening watering","Mow at proper height","Reduce thatch layer"]},"brown-patch":{id:"brown-patch",name:"Brown Patch",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Circular brown patches 1-3 feet in diameter",'Darker "smoke ring" border visible in morning dew',"Grass blades pull easily from the sheath","Leaf lesions with tan centers and dark brown margins"],affectedGrassTypes:["Tall Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","St. Augustinegrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","Mid-Atlantic","Central","Great Lakes"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"80-95°F daytime, above 60°F at night",moisture:"Prolonged leaf wetness",humidity:"> 90%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Reduce nitrogen in summer","Water early morning only","Improve drainage and air flow","Mow at proper height"],chemical:["Azoxystrobin","Pyraclostrobin","Flutolanil","Propiconazole"],organic:["Bacillus subtilis biological fungicide","Improve soil drainage","Reduce thatch"]},preventionTips:["Avoid excess nitrogen in hot weather","Water before 10 AM","Improve air circulation","Avoid mowing wet grass"]},rust:{id:"rust",name:"Rust",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Orange, yellow, or brown powdery pustules on grass blades","Powder rubs off on shoes and clothing","Grass appears yellow-orange from a distance","Individual blades show elongated pustules"],affectedGrassTypes:["Perennial Ryegrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Pacific N
1orthwest"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["late summer","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"68-85°F",moisture:"Morning dew, overcast skies",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Increase nitrogen to promote growth","Mow frequently to remove infected blades","Water in the morning","Improve air circulation"],chemical:["Propiconazole","Triadimefon","Myclobutanil"],organic:["Neem oil","Increase mowing frequency","Boost nitrogen with organic fertilizer"]},preventionTips:["Maintain adequate fertility","Avoid drought stress","Choose rust-resistant cultivars","Mow regularly"]},"red-thread":{id:"red-thread",name:"Red Thread",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Pink to red thread-like strands extending from grass tips","Irregular patches 4-8 inches wide with pink cast","Red or pink antler-shaped structures on blade tips","Affected areas appear water-soaked then turn tan"],affectedGrassTypes:["Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Pacific Northwest","Great Lakes","Mid-Atlantic"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"60-75°F",moisture:"High humidity, wet conditions",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote recovery","Improve drainage","Avoid overwatering","Reduce compaction"],chemical:["Propiconazole","Azoxystrobin","Chlorothalonil"],organic:["Compost topdressing","Nitrogen-rich organic fertilizer","Improve soil biology"]},preventionTips:["Maintain adequate nitrogen","Avoid low fertility","Improve air circulation","Water in the morning"]},"pythium-blight":{id:"pythium-blight",name:"Pythium Blight",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Greasy, dark, water-soaked patches that appear overnight","White cottony mycelium in early morning","Patches follow drainage patterns or mower tracks","Grass collapses and turns brown rapidly"],affectedGrassTypes:["Perennial Ryegrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","Mid-Atlantic","Central","Great Lakes"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"85-95°F",moisture:"Very wet, poor drainage",humidity:"> 90%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Improve drainage immediately","Reduce watering","Avoid mowing wet grass","Improve air circulation"],chemical:["Mefenoxam","Fosetyl-Al","Propamocarb","Cyazofamid"],organic:["Improve drainage","Reduce thatch","Avoid excessive watering"]},preventionTips:["Avoid overwatering in hot weather","Improve soil drainage","Reduce nitrogen in summer","Avoid mowing when wet"]},"fusarium-patch":{id:"fusarium-patch",name:"Fusarium Patch (Microdochium Patch)",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Small circular patches 1-3 inches, expanding to 12 inches","Orange-brown to dark brown color","White or pinkish mycelium at margins in wet weather","Often appears at snow melt"],affectedGrassTypes:["Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Pacific Northwest","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["fall","winter","early spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"32-60°F",moisture:"Wet, cool conditions",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Reduce late fall nitrogen","Improve drainage","Avoid snow compaction","Reduce thatch"],chemical:["Chlorothalonil","Propiconazole","Iprodione"],organic:["Improve drainage","Reduce thatch buildup","Avoid late-season fertilizing"]},preventionTips:["Avoid excess nitrogen in fall","Prevent snow mold conditions","Improve air circulation","Reduce thatch"]},"gray-snow-mold":{id:"gray-snow-mold",name:"Gray Snow Mold (Typhula Blight)",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Circular straw-colored patches 6-24 inches after snow melt","Gray-white mycelium matting grass together","Small dark sclerotia (hard fungal bodies) on blades","Grass appears matted and bleached"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest","Pacific Northwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["late winter","early spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"32-45°F",moisture:"Under snow cover on unfrozen ground"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Rake matted grass to improve air flow","Avoid late fall fertilization","Mow short before winter","Prevent snow piling"],chemical:["Chlorothalonil applied in late fall","PCNB (Pentachloronitrobenzene)","Propiconazole"],organic:["Rake and aerate in spring","Reduce thatch before winter","Avoid excessive fall nitrogen"]},preventionTips:["Mow until growth stops in fall","Avoid late nitrogen applications","Reduce thatch before winter","Spread snow piles in spring"]},"pink-snow-mold":{id:"pink-snow-mold",name:"Pink Snow Mold (Fus
1arium Patch)",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Circular patches 1-8 inches with pink to salmon-colored margins","Pink or white mycelium on grass blades","Can occur with or without snow cover","Patches often have pink-tinged edges"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest","Pacific Northwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["late fall","winter","early spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"32-60°F",moisture:"Wet, cool conditions with or without snow"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Rake and promote air circulation","Avoid late fall nitrogen","Improve drainage","Mow before winter"],chemical:["Chlorothalonil","Iprodione","Propiconazole"],organic:["Rake affected areas","Topdress with compost","Improve soil biology"]},preventionTips:["Reduce nitrogen in late fall","Improve drainage","Mow until dormancy","Avoid leaf litter accumulation"]},"fairy-ring":{id:"fairy-ring",name:"Fairy Ring",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Dark green circles or arcs of stimulated grass growth","Mushrooms or puffballs may appear in rings","Dead or thin grass zone adjacent to dark green ring","Hydrophobic soil layer in affected zone"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass","Fine Fescue"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"60-80°F",moisture:"Moderate moisture with organic debris in soil"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Core aerate through the ring","Apply wetting agent to hydrophobic soil","Deep water to break through","Remove mushrooms when they appear"],chemical:["Flutolanil (limited effectiveness)","Azoxystrobin (suppression only)","Soil fumigation for severe cases"],organic:["Core aeration with wetting agents","Remove buried organic debris if possible","Topdress with compost"]},preventionTips:["Remove buried wood and organic debris","Core aerate regularly","Maintain consistent watering","Use wetting agents preventively"]}
1,"leaf-spot":{id:"leaf-spot",name:"Leaf Spot (Bipolaris/Drechslera)",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Dark brown to purple-black spots on grass blades","Spots have tan centers with dark borders",'Extensive infection causes "melting out" of turf',"Leaf sheaths may show lesions"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Central"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","early summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"60-80°F",moisture:"Frequent rain or irrigation",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Raise mowing height","Reduce watering frequency","Avoid evening irrigation","Improve air circulation"],chemical:["Chlorothalonil","Propiconazole","Iprodione","Mancozeb"],organic:["Raise mowing height","Improve air flow","Apply compost tea"]},preventionTips:["Mow at proper height","Water in the morning","Avoid excess nitrogen in spring","Choose resistant cultivars"]},"necrotic-ring-spot":{id:"necrotic-ring-spot",name:"Necrotic Ring Spot",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Ring-shaped patches 6-12 inches in diameter",'Green grass in center of ring ("frog-eye" pattern)',"Straw-colored dead grass forming the ring","Root system is severely damaged"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Fine Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest","Pacific Northwest"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["late spring","summer","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"65-82°F",moisture:"Wet spring followed by heat stress"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Deep watering during stress","Core aerate to reduce compaction","Overseed with resistant varieties","Reduce thatch"],chemical:["Thiophanate-methyl (drench application)","Fenarimol","Azoxystrobin"],organic:["Core aeration","Compost topdressing","Overseed with perennial ryegrass or tall fescue"]},preventionTips:["Avoid compaction","Maintain deep root system","Core aerate annually","Choose resistant bluegrass cultivars"]},"summer-patch":{id:"summer-patch",name:"Summer Patch",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Circular to crescent-shaped wilted patches","Patches turn straw-colored, 6 inches to 3 feet across",'Often "frog-eye" pattern with green center',"Appears during hottest part of summer"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Fine Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Central"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"85-95°F",moisture:"Wet spring followed by hot dry summer"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Raise mowing height","Deep, infrequent watering","Core aerate to reduce compaction","Overseed with tall fescue"],chemical:["Azoxystrobin (preventive in spring)","Propiconazole","Thiophanate-methyl"],organic:["Core aeration","Compost topdressing","Overseed with resistant species"]},preventionTips:["Apply preventive fungicide in late spring","Avoid compaction","Maintain deep roots","Improve drainage"]},"take-all-patch":{id:"take-all-patch",name:"Take-All Patch",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Irregular bronze or bleached patches","Dark runner hyphae on roots and stolons","Weeds invade thinned areas","Patches expand over multiple seasons"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Zoysiagrass","Centipede"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["fall","winter","spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"60-75°F",moisture:"Wet, poorly drained soils",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Lower soil pH with sulfur","Improve drainage","Apply manganese","Reduce alkaline amendments"],chemical:["Azoxystrobin","Fenarimol","Myclobutanil"],organic:["Acidify soil with elemental sulfur","Apply sphagnum peat topdressing","Improve soil drainage"]},preventionTips:["Monitor soil pH (keep below 6.5)","Avoid liming affected areas","Improve soil drainage","Apply preventive fungicide in fall"]},anthracnose:{id:"anthracnose",name:"Anthracnose",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Irregular yellow to brown patches","Black acervuli (tiny dark fruiting bodies) on stems and leaves","Yellowing of individual plants within the turf","Basal rot may cause plants to pull easily from soil"],affectedGrassTypes:["Perennial Ryegrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Southeast"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"78-90°F",moisture:"Wet leaves, compacted soil",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Improve drainage","Reduce compaction","Adequate nitrogen","Raise mowing height"],chemical:["Chlorothalonil","Azoxystrobin","Fludioxonil","Thiophanate-methyl"],organic:["Reduce compaction through aeration","Improve soil health","Apply compost"]},preventionTips:["Avoid low mowing heights","Maintain adequate fertility","Reduce compaction","Water in the morning"]},"ascochyta-leaf-blight":{id:"ascochyta-leaf-blight",name:"Ascochyta Leaf Blight",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Sudden widespread browning of leaf tips","Large straw-colored areas appearing overnight","Grass tips die back uniformly across large areas","Rapid onset after rain events"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Central"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","early summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"70-85°F",moisture:"Rapid dry/wet cycles"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Mow at proper height","Water consistently","Avoid drought stress","Sharpen mower blades"],chemical:["Generally not recommended; grass recovers on its own","Chlorothalonil for severe cases"],organic:["Maintain consistent moisture","Apply compost topdressing","Avoid stressing the lawn"]},preventionTips:["Maintain consistent watering schedule","Sharpen mower blades","Avoid drought stress cycles","Mow at proper height"]},"powdery-mildew":{id:"powdery-mildew",name:"Powdery Mildew",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["White to gray powdery coating on grass blades","Affected areas appear dusted with flour","Common in shaded areas with poor air circulation","Leaves may yellow and thin under heavy infection"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Fine Fescue","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Pacific N
1orthwest"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"60-72°F",moisture:"Moderate humidity, shade",humidity:"60-80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Improve air circulation","Reduce shade if possible","Increase sun exposure","Avoid overwatering"],chemical:["Propiconazole","Myclobutanil","Triadimefon"],organic:["Improve air circulation","Reduce shade","Plant shade-tolerant species"]},preventionTips:["Plant shade-tolerant grass varieties","Prune overhanging trees","Improve air circulation","Avoid overwatering shaded areas"]},"slime-mold":{id:"slime-mold",name:"Slime Mold",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Gray, black, yellow, or white crusty growth on grass blades","Appears as powdery or slimy patches on leaf surfaces","Does not infect grass; just grows on the surface","May cover large areas after wet weather"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass","St. Augustinegrass"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","summer"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"65-85°F",moisture:"After heavy rain or prolonged wet periods"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Mow or rake to break up the growth","Hose off with strong water spray","Improve air circulation"],chemical:["No chemical treatment needed"],organic:["Simply mow or wash off","Will disappear on its own when it dries"]},preventionTips:["Not harmful; cosmetic issue only","Improve drainage if recurring","Reduce thatch","Improve air circulation"]}
1,"yellow-patch":{id:"yellow-patch",name:"Yellow Patch (Cool-Season Brown Patch)",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Yellow to light brown rings or patches","Ring patterns 6 inches to 3 feet across","Often a yellow or light green ring border","Appears in cool, wet weather"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Pacific Northwest","Upper Midwest"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["fall","winter","early spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"40-60°F",moisture:"Wet, overcast conditions"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Reduce nitrogen in fall","Improve drainage","Avoid overwatering","Improve air circulation"],chemical:["Propiconazole","Azoxystrobin"],organic:["Improve drainage","Reduce thatch","Avoid excessive fall fertilization"]},preventionTips:["Avoid heavy nitrogen in fall","Improve drainage","Reduce thatch buildup","Water in the morning"]},"stripe-smut":{id:"stripe-smut",name:"Stripe Smut",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Long black stripes running parallel along grass blades","Blades curl and twist as they dry","Black sooty spore masses released from cracked stripes","Affected plants thin and die over time"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","fall"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"50-70°F",moisture:"Cool, moist weather activates dormant infections"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Overseed with resistant cultivars","Maintain adequate nitrogen","Mow at proper height","Remove clippings from infected areas"],chemical:["Propiconazole (fall application)","Triadimefon"],organic:["Overseed with resistant varieties","Improve overall turf health","Compost topdressing"]},preventionTips:["Plant smut-resistant cultivars","Maintain adequate fertility","Avoid drought stress","Overseed with resistant seed blends"]},"spring-dead-spot":{id:"spring-dead-spot",name:"Spring Dead Spot",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Circular dead patches 6 inches to 3 feet across visible at spring green-up","Bermudagrass fails to green up in affected areas","Roots and stolons are dark and rotted","Patches recur and enlarge each year"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Mid-Atlantic"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"Fungus active in fall at 50-70°F; damage visible in spring",moisture:"Wet fall and winter conditions"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Improve drainage","Reduce thatch","Avoid excessive nitrogen in fall","Lower soil pH"],chemical:["Tebuconazole (applied in fall)","Fenarimol","Azoxystrobin (fall preventive)"],organic:["Improve drainage","Core aerate in summer","Apply acidifying amendments"]},preventionTips:["Apply preventive fungicide in early fall","Avoid late fall nitrogen","Maintain proper soil pH","Reduce thatch and compaction"]},"large-patch":{id:"large-patch",name:"Large Patch",category:"fungal",visualSymptoms:["Large circular patches several feet in diameter","Orange-yellow borders at active margins","Grass at patch edges pulls easily from stolons","Center may recover while edges expand"],affectedGrassTypes:["Zoysiagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Bermudagrass","Centipede"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["fall","spring"],optimalConditions:{temperature:"50-70°F",moisture:"Wet conditions, especially during dormancy transition",humidity:"> 80%"},treatmentOptions:{cultural:["Reduce nitrogen in fall","Improve drainage","Reduce thatch","Avoid overwatering"],chemical:["Azoxystrobin (fall preventive)","Propiconazole","Flutolanil"],organic:["Improve drainage","Reduce thatch","Avoid excessive irrigation"]},preventionTips:["Apply preventive fungicide in early fall","Avoid excess nitrogen before dormancy","Improve air circulation","Reduce thatch"]}};var b=e.i(899084);let k={"white-grubs-japanese-beetle":{id:"white-grubs-japanese-beetle",name:"White Grubs (Japanese Beetle)",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Irregular brown patches that lift like carpet; roots severed below soil surface",visualSigns:["C-shaped white larvae 1/2 to 1 inch in soil","Spongy, easily-lifted turf","Increased bird, skunk, or raccoon digging","Adult Japanese beetles on nearby plants"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Great Lakes","Central"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["late summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"One-year cycle: adults lay eggs in summer, grubs feed on roots in fall, overwinter deep in soil, resume feeding in spring, pupate in early summer.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Irrigate deeply to encourage deep root growth","Overseed damaged areas","Allow lawns to go dormant in summer to reduce egg-laying appeal"],chemical:["Chlorantraniliprole (preventive, spring)","Trichlorfon (curative, fall)","Imidacloprid (preventive, early summer)"],organic:["Milky spore (Bacillus popilliae), which works on Japanese beetle grubs only and does nothing to European chafer or other white grub species","Beneficial nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)","Neem oil to deter adults"]},preventionTips:["Apply preventive grub control in late spring","Reduce irrigation in July to discourage egg laying","Maintain healthy turf to tolerate moderate populations"],diagnosticTest:"Tug test: grab a handful of brown grass and pull. If the turf lifts like a carpet with no roots, grubs are likely present. Cut a 1-sq-ft section and count: threshold is 10+ grubs per sq ft."},"white-grubs-european-chafer":{id:"white-grubs-european-chafer",name:"White Grubs (European Chafer)",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Large irregular dead areas, especially severe in spring; turf peels back easily",visualSigns:["C-shaped white grubs in soil, 3/4 inch long","Turf peels away from soil","Intense animal digging (skunks, crows)","Brown adult beetles swarming at dusk in late June"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Pacific N
1orthwest"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["spring","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"One-year cycle similar to Japanese beetle but grubs feed earlier in spring and later in fall due to higher cold tolerance.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Overseed damaged areas","Deep watering to promote root growth","Maintain thick turf"],chemical:["Chlorantraniliprole (preventive)","Trichlorfon (curative)","Imidacloprid"],organic:["Beneficial nematodes (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)","Milky spore (Bacillus popilliae) does not control this species; it works on Japanese beetle grubs only"]},preventionTips:["Apply preventive grub control by early July","Maintain vigorous turf","Monitor for adult beetle flights in June"],diagnosticTest:"Tug test: if turf lifts like a carpet, check soil for C-shaped grubs. Threshold: 5+ per sq ft."},"chinch-bugs":{id:"chinch-bugs",name:"Chinch Bugs",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Irregular yellow patches expanding outward, often along driveways and sidewalks (heat-retaining edges)",visualSigns:["Tiny black insects (1/6 inch) with white wing patches","Nymphs are red-orange, turning black with age","Damage starts in hot, sunny areas near pavement","Grass yellows, then turns brown and dies"],affectedGrassTypes:["St. Augustinegrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast","Northeast","Central"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["summer"],lifecycleInfo:"Two to three generations per year in warm climates. Adults overwinter in thatch and plant debris. Peak damage occurs in July-August.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Reduce thatch (chinch bugs harbor in thatch)","Water adequately during drought","Avoid excess nitrogen"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Trichlorfon","Clothianidin"],organic:["Beauveria bassiana (biological insecticide)","Beneficial big-eyed bugs (natural predator)","Diatomaceous earth"]},preventionTips:["Keep thatch below 1/2 inch","Water during dry periods","Choose chinch bug-resistant St. Augustine cultivars (e.g., Floratam)"],diagnosticTest:"Flotation test: cut both ends from a coffee can, push one end into the soil at the edge of damage, fill with water. Chinch bugs will float to the surface within 5 minutes."},"sod-webworms":{id:"sod-webworms",name:"Sod Webworms",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Small irregular brown patches that grow together; grass blades are chewed off at soil level",visualSigns:["Small tan moths flying in zigzag pattern at dusk","Green to tan caterpillars (3/4 inch) in thatch","Green frass (excrement pellets) in thatch layer","Grass blades chewed off close to the ground"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Mid-Atlantic","Central","Great Lakes","Southeast"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["summer"],lifecycleInfo:"Two to three generations per year. Larvae feed at night, hiding in silk-lined tunnels in thatch during the day. Adult moths lay eggs at dusk.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Reduce thatch to remove larval habitat","Water in the evening to irrigate applied treatments into thatch","Keep grass taller"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Chlorantraniliprole","Trichlorfon"],organic:["Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) applied at dusk","Beneficial nematodes","Spinosad"]},preventionTips:["Reduce thatch buildup","Monitor for zigzag moth flights","Maintain healthy turf to tolerate minor feeding"],diagnosticTest:"Soap flush test: mix 2 tablespoons dish soap in 1 gallon water, pour over 1 sq ft of suspect area. Larvae will come to the surface within 10 minutes."},armyworms:{id:"armyworms",name:"Armyworms",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Rapidly expanding circular brown areas; entire sections of lawn can be consumed overnight",visualSigns:["Green-brown striped caterpillars 1-2 inches long","Large flocks of birds feeding on the lawn","Grass blades chewed to the crown","Advancing front of damage; caterpillars march in groups"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Central","Mid-Atlantic"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["late summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Moths migrate northward in spring/summer. Multiple generations per year. Larvae feed voraciously for 2-3 weeks before pupating.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Mow high to give grass reserves for recovery","Water and fertilize after damage to promote regrowth"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Chlorantraniliprole","Cyfluthrin"],organic:["Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for young larvae","Spinosad","Beneficial nematodes"]},preventionTips:["Monitor for adult moths around outdoor lights","Inspect lawn in early morning when larvae are active","Act immediately; armyworms cause severe damage in days"],diagnosticTest:"Soap flush test or inspect at dawn/dusk when caterpillars are actively feeding. Look for green pellets of frass and advancing damage front."},cutworms:{id:"cutworms",name:"Cutworms",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Small circular dead spots 1-3 inches across; individual plants cut off at soil level",visualSigns:["Dull gray-brown caterpillars that curl into C-shape when disturbed","Small circular bare spots on putting greens and short-cut turf","Green frass pellets near damaged areas","Damage most visible in short-mowed areas"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Bermudagrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Bentgrass"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Multiple generations per year. Larvae feed at night, hiding in soil burrows during the day. Adults are drab brown moths.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Mow regularly","Reduce thatch","Water in the morning"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Chlorantraniliprole","Lambda-cyhalothrin"],organic:["Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)","Beneficial nematodes","Spinosad"]},preventionTips:["Monitor for cutworm moth flights","Keep thatch minimal","Inspect short-mowed areas regularly"],diagnosticTest:"Soap flush test: drench suspect areas with soapy water at dusk. Cutworms will surface from their burrows within minutes."},"mole-crickets":{id:"mole-crickets",name:"Mole Crickets",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Soft, spongy turf with raised tunnels visible on the surface; grass dies from root disruption",visualSigns:["Raised tunnels and mounds on soil surface","Spongy feel when walking on turf","Brown, velvety insects 1-2 inches long with shovel-like front legs","Grass wilts and dies in irregular patterns"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bahiagrass","Bermudagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Centipede","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"One generation per year. Adults tunnel and mate in spring. Nymphs hatch in June and feed through fall, causing most damage in late summer.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Roll turf to compress tunnels","Irrigate to settle soil","Overseed damaged areas"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Imidacloprid","Fipronil (bait formulations)"],organic:["Beneficial nematodes (Steinernema scapterisci)","Larra bicolor wasps (biological control)","Beauveria bassiana"]},preventionTips:["Monitor for adult flights in spring","Apply preventive control for nymphs in June-July","Maintain thick turf"],diagnosticTest:"Soap flush test: pour soapy water (2 tbsp per gallon) over 4 sq ft. Mole crickets surface within 3-5 minutes. Check in the evening."},billbugs:{id:"billbugs",name:"Billbugs",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Irregular brown patches in mid-summer; grass stems easily break at crown with sawdust-like frass inside",visualSigns:["Small snout-nosed beetles (1/4-3/8 inch) walking on pavement in spring","Hollowed-out grass stems with sawdust-like frass","Brown patches that don't respond to watering","Legless white larvae in crown and root area"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Zoysiagrass","Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Central","Mid-Atlantic"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["summer"],lifecycleInfo:"One generation per year. Adults overwinter in thatch and leaf litter. They emerge in spring, walk to new areas, and lay eggs in grass stems. Larvae feed from late spring through summer.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Choose resistant grass cultivars (endophyte-enhanced)","Reduce thatch","Irrigate during drought"],chemical:["Chlorantraniliprole (preventive)","Bifenthrin","Imidacloprid"],organic:["Plant endophyte-enhanced grass varieties","Beneficial nematodes","Beauveria bassiana"]},preventionTips:["Plant endophyte-enhanced grass seed","Monitor for adults on
1sidewalks in spring","Apply preventive control by late May"],diagnosticTest:"Stem pull test: grab individual grass stems and pull. If they break easily at the crown with sawdust-like frass visible, billbug larvae are present."},"fire-ants":{id:"fire-ants",name:"Fire Ants",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Large dome-shaped mounds in lawn; surrounding grass may thin from soil displacement",visualSigns:["Dome-shaped mounds up to 18 inches across","Aggressive red-brown ants that sting when disturbed","Multiple mounds across the lawn","Bare soil on top of mounds"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Zoysiagrass","Centipede","Bahiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast","Southwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Colonies can persist for years. Queens produce thousands of eggs. Multiple queens per colony. New colonies formed by winged flights after rain.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Broadcast bait treatments over entire yard","Individual mound treatments for immediate control","Maintain vigilance; re-treat new mounds"],chemical:["Hydramethylnon bait","Spinosad bait","Acephate (individual mound drench)","Bifenthrin (broadcast)"],organic:["Spinosad-based baits","Diatomaceous earth on mounds","Boiling water on individual mounds (limited effectiveness)"]},preventionTips:["Apply broadcast bait 2-3 times per year","Treat new mounds promptly","Monitor after rain events for new colonies"],diagnosticTest:"Disturb the top of a suspect mound with a long stick from a step back, never with a hand or foot. Fire ants swarm out within seconds and run up the stick, and the mound has no single opening on top. Ant hills with a visible central hole are usually a different species."},moles:{id:"moles",name:"Moles",category:"animal",damagePattern:"Surface tunnels (raised ridges) and volcano-shaped mounds of excavated soil",visualSigns:["Raised ridges of tunneling across the lawn","Conical mounds of loose soil","Spongy areas where tunnels have collapsed","Disrupted root zones causing grass to yellow and die"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Solitary except for a short late-winter breeding period. A mole may burrow as fast as 1 foot per minute making surface feeding tunnels. The main food is earthworms, supplemented with insect larvae and other soil invertebrates; moles rarely eat plant material. Peak surface activity in spring and fall.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Roll or tamp tunnels to minimize lawn damage","Confirm an active main runway (flatten, mark, recheck in 24 hours) before any control","Keep lawn well-watered to compress soil"],chemical:["Bromethalin worm-replica bait (positive reports only; more testing needed)"],organic:["Scissor-jaw or harpoon traps (most effective method)","Castor oil repellents (no consistent research support)","Vibrating and electronic stakes (not proven effective)"]},preventionTips:["Scout for active main runways in spring and fall rather than treating on a calendar","Tamp lifted ridges back down and water the strip so roots regain soil contact","Trap promptly when activity is first noticed"],diagnosticTest:"Step on a tunnel to flatten it and mark the location. Check after 24 hours: if the tunnel is re-raised, it's an active runway. Set traps on active runways."},voles:{id:"voles",name:"Voles",category:"animal",damagePattern:"Surface runways 1-2 inches wide in grass, with small round entry holes; bark stripped from trees",visualSigns:["Narrow worn paths (runways) through grass","Small round holes (about 1 to 2 inches) along runways, with no soil mound around them","Grass clippings and droppings along runways","Most damage visible after snow melt"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue"],commonRegions:["Northeast","Great Lakes","Upper Midwest","Pacific Northwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["fall","winter","spring"],lifecycleInfo:"Prolific breeders, up to 10 litters per year. Populations cycle between high and low roughly every 3 to 6 years. Active year-round but damage peaks in winter under snow cover.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Keep grass mowed short in fall","Remove ground cover and mulch near lawn edges","Clear snow from base of trees"],chemical:["Zinc phosphide bait (restricted use in most states; certified applicator only)"],organic:["Snap traps placed perpendicular to runways","Encourage predators (hawks, owls, snakes)","Hardware cloth barriers around trees"]},preventionTips:["Mow grass short before winter","Remove mulch and debris from lawn edges","Protect tree bases with hardware cloth"],diagnosticTest:"Look for 1-2 inch wide worn pathways through the grass. Place an apple slice in the runway, cover it with an upturned pot or a propped shingle, and check after 24 hours: gnaw marks mean the runway is still active."},gophers:{id:"gophers",name:"Gophers",category:"animal",damagePattern:"Fan-shaped or crescent-shaped mounds of excavated soil; destroyed root zones",visualSigns:["Fan-shaped or crescent mounds (not conical like mole mounds)","Visible plugged holes on one side of mound","Plants pulled underground or killed from below","Soil mounds appear suddenly"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Buffalograss"],commonRegions:["Central","Southwest","Pacific","Great Plains"],severity:"severe",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Solitary and territorial. One gopher per burrow system. Active year-round but most visible in spring. Can move 200-300 pounds of soil per year.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Compact soil to discourage tunneling","Install underground wire mesh barriers"],chemical:["Stryc
1hnine-coated bait","Zinc phosphide bait placed in main tunnel"],organic:["Macabee or Cinch traps placed in main tunnel","Exclusion with gopher wire below raised beds","Barn owl nest boxes to encourage predation"]},preventionTips:["Install gopher wire under new sod or gardens","Trap immediately when fresh mounds appear","Encourage natural predators"],diagnosticTest:"Probe around a fresh mound to find the main tunnel (you'll feel the probe drop into the void). Mounds are fan-shaped with a visible soil plug, distinguishing them from mole mounds."},nematodes:{id:"nematodes",name:"Plant-Parasitic Nematodes",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Irregular yellowing and thinning with no clear pathogen; grass fails to respond to watering or fertilizer",visualSigns:["Gradual decline with no obvious cause","Yellowing and thinning that doesn't improve with care","Stunted root systems when pulled","Sandy soils are more susceptible"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Zoysiagrass","Centipede"],commonRegions:["Southeast","Gulf Coast","South Central"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["summer"],lifecycleInfo:"Microscopic roundworms living in soil. Multiple generations per year. Populations build up over years. Feed on roots, causing decline.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Improve soil health with organic matter","Water deeply to maintain strong root system","Avoid sand-only topdressing"],chemical:["Abamectin","Fluopyram (limited availability for residential use)"],organic:["Add composted organic matter","Apply beneficial nematodes (predatory species)","Improve soil biology with compost tea"]},preventionTips:["Build healthy soil with organic amendments","Maintain strong root system through proper care","Avoid excessive sand topdressing"],diagnosticTest:"Lab analysis required: collect 20+ soil cores from the edge of declining areas, mix, and submit to a nematode diagnostic lab. Visual diagnosis is not possible."},leafhoppers:{id:"leafhoppers",name:"Leafhoppers",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Stippled or whitened grass blades from feeding; overall lawn appears pale",visualSigns:["Tiny wedge-shaped insects (1/8 inch) that hop when disturbed","White stippling on grass blades","Insects hop sideways away from footsteps","Cast skins on grass blades"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["summer"],lifecycleInfo:"Multiple generations per year. Adults overwinter in plant debris. Feed by piercing grass blades and sucking sap.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Maintain healthy turf that can tolerate feeding","Reduce thatch","Mow at proper height"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Carbaryl","Lambda-cyhalothrin"],organic:["Insecticidal soap","Neem oil","Encourage natural predators"]},preventionTips:["Usually not severe enough to warrant treatment","Maintain healthy turf","Reduce thatch buildup"]},spittlebugs:{id:"spittlebugs",name:"Spittlebugs",category:"insect",damagePattern:'Patches of white frothy "spittle" masses on grass stems; heavy feeding causes wilting',visualSigns:["White frothy masses (spittle) on grass stems near soil level","Small yellow-green nymphs hidden inside spittle","Wilting and purpling of grass in severe infestations","Adult froghoppers (small brown jumping insects)"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass","Centipede","Bahiagrass","St. Augustinegrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Gulf Coast"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","summer"],lifecycleInfo:"One to two generations per year. Nymphs create spittle for protection. Adults are strong jumpers called froghoppers.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Reduce thatch (nymphs live in thatch)","Mow to remove spittle masses","Water in the morning"],chemical:["Bifenthrin","Carbaryl"],organic:["Wash away spittle with strong water spray","Insecticidal soap","Reduce thatch habitat"]},preventionTips:["Keep thatch below 1/2 inch","Rarely severe enough for treatment","Maintain healthy turf"]},"crane-flies":{id:"crane-flies",name:"Crane Flies (Leatherjackets)",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Irregular thin or bare patches in spring; larvae feed on grass roots and crowns",visualSigns:["Large mosquito-like adults (legs span 2+ inches) in fall","Grayish-brown larvae (leatherjackets) 1-1.5 inches in soil","Thin turf in spring that doesn't recover","Birds probing the soil for larvae"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Fine Fescue","Tall Fescue"],commonRegions:["Pacific N
1orthwest","Northeast","Great Lakes"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring"],lifecycleInfo:"One generation per year. Adults emerge in fall, lay eggs in turf. Larvae feed through winter and spring. Damage is most visible in March-April.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Overseed thin areas in fall","Promote vigorous spring growth with fertilizer","Roll lawn to compress soil"],chemical:["Chlorantraniliprole (fall application)","Imidacloprid"],organic:["Beneficial nematodes (Steinernema feltiae) applied in fall","Promote predatory birds"]},preventionTips:["Monitor for adult flights in September-October","Apply treatment in fall if high populations expected","Maintain vigorous turf"],diagnosticTest:"Cut a 6-inch square of turf in a declining area and turn it over. Count leatherjackets (gray-brown, tough-skinned, legless larvae). Threshold: 25+ per sq ft."},"bermudagrass-mites":{id:"bermudagrass-mites",name:"Bermudagrass Mites",category:"insect",damagePattern:'Tufted, rosette growth ("witches broom") on bermudagrass; stunted internodes',visualSigns:["Clumped tufted growth resembling tiny rosettes",'Shortened internodes giving a "witches broom" appearance',"Yellowing and thinning of affected areas","Mites are microscopic; damage pattern is the identifier"],affectedGrassTypes:["Bermudagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","South Central","Southwest"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["spring","summer"],lifecycleInfo:"Multiple generations per year. Mites are eriophyid type: worm-shaped and microscopic. They feed inside leaf sheaths, causing stunted growth.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Scalp-mow affected areas and remove clippings","Fertilize to promote new growth","Irrigate well after treatment"],chemical:["Abamectin","Dicofol (limited availability)"],organic:["Scalp mowing to remove infested tissue","Promote vigorous regrowth with compost"]},preventionTips:["Monitor for early signs of tufting","Maintain vigorous bermudagrass health","Treat early before widespread damage"],diagnosticTest:'Look for characteristic "witches broom" tufting. Confirmation requires microscopic examination of mites from leaf sheaths, but the damage pattern is diagnostic.'},ants:{id:"ants",name:"Ants (Lawn-Dwelling Species)",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Small soil mounds that smother grass; mostly cosmetic damage",visualSigns:["Small granular mounds of excavated soil on grass surface","Ant trails visible on sidewalks and between mounds","Grass smothered under mounds may yellow","Mound activity greatest during wet spring weather"],affectedGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Perennial Ryegrass","Tall Fescue","Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["All regions"],severity:"mild",activeSeasons:["spring","summer","fall"],lifecycleInfo:"Colonies hold an egg-laying queen and sterile female workers, with winged reproductives emerging in early spring and late summer to start new colonies. Common lawn species are cornfield ants, pavement ants, little black ants, and field ants (Formica). Mound activity is greatest during wet spring weather.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Rake or wash mounds flat with a forceful stream from a garden hose","Flood the mound repeatedly, every few days, until the colony relocates"],chemical:["Pyrethroids such as bifenthrin, applied per label","Carbaryl, applied per label","Fipronil gel bait"],organic:["Spinosad product labeled for lawn and turf ants"]},preventionTips:["Most lawn ant species are beneficial and rarely require treatment","Treat only if mounds are smothering turf or catching the mower","Control food sources near the lawn"],diagnosticTest:"Look straight down into the top of the pile. A soil-nesting lawn ant mound has an open hole in the middle, made of fine, loose soil pushed up between the grass blades. A fire ant mound has no central opening, so an open hole rules fire ants out."},"scale-insects":{id:"scale-insects",name:"Ground Pearls and Scale Insects",category:"insect",damagePattern:"Slow decline of turf over years; yellowish pearls attached to roots",visualSigns:["Gradual thinning with no obvious cause","Round, pearl-like nodules (1/16 inch) on roots","Centipedegrass and bermudagrass most affected","No response to fertilizer or watering"],affectedGrassTypes:["Centipede","Bermudagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Zoysiagrass"],commonRegions:["Southeast","Gulf Coast"],severity:"moderate",activeSeasons:["year-round"],lifecycleInfo:"Ground pearls can remain in dormant cyst stage for years in soil. Very slow life cycle. No effective chemical controls available.",controlOptions:{cultural:["Maintain optimal turf health","Irrigate during drought","Fertilize properly","Minim
1ize other stress factors"],chemical:["No effective chemical controls currently available"],organic:["Improve soil health","Reduce other stress factors","Consider re-sodding with tolerant variety"]},preventionTips:["No proven prevention","Maintain optimal turf health to tolerate feeding","Choose tolerant grass varieties"],diagnosticTest:"Dig up declining grass and examine roots with a hand lens. Look for round, pearl-like cysts (yellowish-white to pinkish) attached to roots."}};var T=e.i(621098),S=e.i(208859);let x={nitrogen:{products:[{name:"Milorganite 6-4-0",type:"Organic Fertilizer",applicationTiming:"Spring and fall, 4-6 week intervals"}],cultural:["Apply 0.5-1 lb N per 1000 sq ft per application","Do not exceed 4 lb N per 1000 sq ft per year","Water in after application"],organic:["Milorganite","Blood meal","Compost topdressing"],window:"Spring, Fall"},iron:{products:[{name:"Ironite Mineral Supplement 1-0-1",type:"Iron Supplement",applicationTiming:"Spring through fall when grass is actively growing"}],cultural:["Apply chelated iron at 2 oz per 1000 sq ft","Lower soil pH if above 7.0","Avoid over-application which can stain concrete"],organic:["Chelated iron foliar spray","Sulfur to lower pH","Compost with iron-rich amendments"],window:"Spring, Summer, Fall"},potassium:{products:[{name:"Muriate of Potash 0-0-60",type:"Potassium Fertilizer",applicationTiming:"Fall application preferred, split spring/fall"}],cultural:["Apply 1-2 lb K2O per 1000 sq ft per year","Split into fall and spring applications","Soil test to confirm deficiency before applying"],organic:["Greensand","Wood ash (raises pH)","Kelp meal"],window:"Fall, Spring"},phosphorus:{products:[{name:"Triple Superphosphate 0-46-0",type:"Phosphorus Fertilizer",applicationTiming:"At seeding or in fall based on soil test"}],cultural:["Apply only based on soil test results","Best applied during establishment","Many states restrict phosphorus application - check local regulations"],organic:["Bone meal","Rock phosphate","Compost"],window:"Fall, At seeding"},magnesium:{products:[{name:"Epsom Salt (Magnesium Sulfate)",type:"Magnesium Supplement",applicationTiming:"Spring or fall, 2-3 lb per 1000 sq ft"}],cultural:["Apply Epsom salt at 2-3 lb per 1000 sq ft","If soil pH is low, use dolomitic lime instead","Foliar spray for quick correction"],organic:["Dolomitic lime (also raises pH)","Epsom salt foliar spray","Compost"],window:"Spring, Fall"}},C={drought:{cultural:["Water deeply 1 inch per week, preferably in early morning","Raise mowing height by 0.5-1 inch","Avoid fertilizing during active drought stress","Limit foot traffic on stressed turf"],window:"Immediate"},overwatering:{cultural:["Reduce watering frequency - allow soil to dry between waterings","Improve drainage with core aeration","Check for and fix irrigation system issues","Watch for signs of fungal disease"],window:"Immediate"},compaction:{cultural:["Core aerate in the active growing season for your grass type","Topdress with compost after aeration","Redirect foot traffic with pathways","Overseed after aeration for recovery"],window:"Spring (cool-season), Late spring (warm-season)"},shade:{cultural:["Prune trees to increase light penetration","Consider shade-tolerant grass varieties (Fine Fescue, St. Augustine)","Raise mowing height in shaded areas","Reduce fertilizer and water in shaded zones"],window:"Ongoing"},"chemical burn":{cultural:["Flush area with heavy watering (1-2 inches)","Do not mow until recovery begins","Avoid further chemical applications to affected area","Reseed or resod if grass crowns are dead"],window:"Immediate"},scalping:{cultural:["Raise mowing height immediately","Water lightly and frequently to support recovery","Apply light fertilizer once new growth appears","Follow the 1/3 rule - never remove more than 1/3 of blade height"],window:"Immediate"}},A=["spring","summer","fall","winter"],K=["spring","summer","fall"],R=["spring","fall"],P=["summer"],B=["Bermudagrass","Zoysiagrass","St. Augustinegrass","Centipede"],F=[{productKey:"fungicide-diseaseex",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:K,note:"Azoxystrobin broad-spectrum fungicide for active lawn disease pressure."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use a calibrated spreader so granular fungicide lands evenly."},{productKey:"soil-sea-kelp",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Kelp helps stressed turf recover after disease pressure is under control."}],M=[{productKey:"fungicide-diseaseex",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:R,note:"Use during cool, damp disease windows when symptoms are spreading."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Even coverage matters more than extra product."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Light balanced feeding helps thin turf fill back in once disease slows."}],z={"dollar-spot":{conditionType:"disease",picks:[{productKey:"fungicide-diseaseex",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:K,note:"Dollar spot responds to azoxystrobin when cultural fixes are not enough."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"A light nitrogen push helps turf outgrow dollar spot scarring."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use for foliar recovery products and spot treatments."}]},"brown-patch":{conditionType:"disease",picks:F},rust:{conditionType:"disease",picks:[{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Rust usually improves when the lawn is growing steadily again."},{productKey:"fungicide-diseaseex",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:K,note:"Reserve fungicide for spreading or high-confidence rust outbreaks."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Even spreader coverage prevents striped recovery."}]},"red-thread":{conditionType:"disease",picks:M},"pythium-blight":{conditionType:"disease",picks:F},"gray-snow-mold":{conditionType:"disease",picks:M},"pink-snow-mold":{conditionType:"disease",picks:M},"fairy-ring":{conditionType:"disease",picks:[{productKey:"summer-wetting-agent",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"A wetting agent helps water move through hydrophobic fairy-ring soil."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Apply wetting agents evenly around the ring and just beyond it."},{productKey:"soil-sea-kelp",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Kelp supp
1orts root recovery after the water-repellency issue is corrected."}]},"leaf-spot":{conditionType:"disease",picks:F},"summer-patch":{conditionType:"disease",picks:F},"large-patch":{conditionType:"disease",picks:F},crabgrass:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-quinclorac",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Quinclorac is the post-emergent crabgrass pick when it is safe for the grass."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring","fall"],note:"Prodiamine prevents the next crabgrass wave before it germinates."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Quinclorac, Barricade 4FL, and Dimension 2EW are liquids; a metered hose-end sprayer keeps the label rate even."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-dimension",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring","fall"],note:"Dithiopyr is a second prevention option when its label matches the verified lawn."}]},dandelions:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-trimec",role:"curative",seasons:R,note:"A three-way broadleaf herbicide clears active dandelions on tolerant lawns."},{productKey:"post-emergent-atrazine-southern",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:["St. Augustinegrass","Centipede","Zoysiagrass"],seasons:K,note:"Southern option for St. Augustine and centipede lawns that cannot take Trimec."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Trimec and 2,4-D are liquid concentrates; a metered hose-end sprayer puts them down at an even label rate."},{productKey:"post-emergent-hi-yield-24d",role:"curative",unsafeGrassTypes:["St. Augustinegrass","Centipede"],seasons:R,note:"Budget 2,4-D amine for dandelions on tolerant lawns. Spray while weeds are actively growing and temperatures stay under 85F."}]},"white-clover":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-celsius",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:B,seasons:K,note:"The warm-season route for clover. T-Zone is reserved for cool-season lawns, so bermuda, zoysia, centipede, and St. Augustine need this instead."},{productKey:"post-emergent-tzone",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass"],seasons:R,note:"T-Zone is the stronger option for clover and other stubborn broadleaf weeds."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Celsius and T-Zone are both concentrates; a metered hose-end sprayer keeps the rate even across the lawn."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Clover often points to thin, low-nitrogen turf."}]},"common-lespedeza":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-trimec",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Three-way broadleaf herbicides are a proven post-emergent option for young common lespedeza. Check the label for your grass before applying."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-dimension",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring"],note:"A spring dithiopyr application can prevent the next common lespedeza crop before it germinates."},{productKey:"surfactant-non-ionic",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Waxy lespedeza leaves shed spray. Add a non-ionic surfactant only when the herbicide label calls for one."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use a calibrated sprayer for even spot treatment, following the herbicide label for dilution and coverage."}]},"foxtail-setaria":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-quinclorac",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Quinclorac is an option for young foxtail only when the verified host grass is label-compatible."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring"],note:"Use a labeled prevention pass before late-spring foxtail germination."}]},goosegrass:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-celsius",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:B,seasons:K,note:"Goosegrass pressure peaks on compacted warm-season turf, where mesotrione is not an option. Celsius is labeled for bermuda, zoysia, centipede, and St. Augustine."},{productKey:"post-emergent-tenacity",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Mesotrione can target young goosegrass only on a verified compatible lawn."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Celsius, Tenacity, and Barricade 4FL are liquids; a metered hose-end sprayer keeps the label rate even."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring"],note:"Prevention is most useful before the later goosegrass germination window."}]},"broadleaf-plantain":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-celsius",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:B,seasons:K,note:"The warm-season answer for plantain. SpeedZone is cool-season only, so bermuda, zoysia, centipede, and St. Augustine lawns need this instead."},{productKey:"post-emergent-speedzone",role:"curative",seasons:R,note:"SpeedZone gives fast broadleaf knockdown when plantain is actively growing."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Celsius and SpeedZone are liquid concentrates; a metered hose-end sprayer applies them evenly over a whole lawn."}]},"nutsedge-yellow":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-sedgehammer",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Halosulfuron targets sedges that regular broadleaf sprays ignore."},{productKey:"summer-wetting-agent",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Fix wet, poorly draining areas so nutsedge pressure drops."}]},"creeping-charlie-ground-ivy":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-tzone",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass"],seasons:R,note:"Triclopyr-based broadleaf control is reserved for a verified compatible cool-season lawn."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Ground ivy needs thorough leaf coverage; a metered hose-end sprayer applies the concentrate evenly."},{productKey:"fertilizer-pgf-complete",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Thicker compatible turf helps close the damp, thin gaps ground ivy occupies."}]},"annual-bluegrass-poa-annua":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["fall"],note:"Fall prodiamine is the prevention window for Poa annua."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-dimension",role:"preventive",seasons:["fall"],note:"Dithiopyr is a second fall prevention option for Poa annua when its label matches the lawn."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Barricade 4FL and Dimension 2
1EW are liquid concentrates, so even spray coverage decides how well prevention works."}]},"spotted-spurge":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-celsius",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:B,seasons:K,note:"Spurge peaks in summer heat, which is exactly when a warm-season lawn cannot take a cool-season broadleaf spray. Celsius is labeled for spurge and for bermuda, zoysia, centipede, and St. Augustine."},{productKey:"post-emergent-speedzone",role:"curative",seasons:K,note:"Spurge is easiest to control while young and actively growing."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Celsius and SpeedZone are liquid concentrates; a metered hose-end sprayer covers low spurge mats evenly."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring"],note:"Prevention matters because spurge spreads low and fast from seed."}]},henbit:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-trimec",role:"curative",seasons:R,note:"Use a labeled broadleaf treatment only after the host turf is verified compatible."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"A metered hose-end sprayer applies a liquid broadleaf treatment evenly across the lawn."},{productKey:"pre-emergent-barricade",role:"preventive",seasons:["fall"],note:"A labeled fall prevention pass targets the next winter-annual germination cycle."}]},"wild-violet":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-tzone",role:"curative",safeGrassTypes:["Kentucky Bluegrass","Tall Fescue","Fine Fescue","Perennial Ryegrass"],seasons:R,note:"Triclopyr plus broadleaf actives is the stronger route for waxy violet leaves."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Waxy violet leaves need full coverage; a metered hose-end sprayer applies the concentrate evenly."},{productKey:"fertilizer-pgf-complete",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Thicker turf helps close the gaps wild violet uses."}]},"chickweed-common":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-speedzone",role:"curative",seasons:R,note:"Chickweed is a cool-season broadleaf, so treat while it is actively growing."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"A metered hose-end sprayer applies SpeedZone evenly over low chickweed mats."},{productKey:"fertilizer-pgf-complete",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Dense turf is the best follow-up after chickweed control."}]},"white-grubs-japanese-beetle":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"grub-control-grubex",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Chlorantraniliprole is the prevention pick before grubs feed hard."},{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:["summer","fall"],note:"Use broad-spectrum insect control only when active feeding is confirmed."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Granular grub products need uniform coverage and watering-in."}]},"white-grubs-european-chafer":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"grub-control-grubex",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Apply before larvae start feeding near the surface."},{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:["spring","fall"],note:"Confirm active grubs before using a curative insecticide."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use an even spread pattern, then water in."}]},"chinch-bugs":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:P,note:"Use after a flotation test confirms active chinch bugs."},{productKey:"summer-hydretain",role:"recovery",seasons:P,note:"Moisture support helps turf recover from hot-edge chinch damage."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use for granular insect-control passes."}]},"sod-webworms":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:P,note:"Treat only when larvae are present in thatch."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Granules need to reach the thatch layer evenly."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Light feeding helps chewed turf rebuild leaf tissue."}]},armyworms:{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:["summer","fall"],note:"Armyworms move fast. Treat confirmed active feeding promptly."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Bermuda and other warm-season lawns can rebound after feeding and water."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use for even granular insect-control coverage."}]},billbugs:{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"grub-control-grubex",role:"preventive",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Preventive grub products can help where billbugs recur."},{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",minSeverity:"moderate",seasons:P,note:"Use only after stem-pull signs confirm active damage."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Recovery feeding helps fill billbug-thinned areas."}]},cutworms:{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",seasons:K,note:"Treat late in the day, when cutworms feed, after a soap flush confirms them. Check that the label lists cutworms."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Granules need even coverage over the damaged area and a little beyond it."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Light feeding helps chewed turf grow new leaf tissue."}]},"mole-crickets":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",seasons:["spring","summer"],note:"Broadcast granules when young nymphs are near the surface in early summer, then water in. Check that the label lists mole crickets."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Even spreader coverage over the tunneled area matters more than extra product."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Tunneling dries out roots; light feeding and deep watering help turf re-root."}]},"fire-ants":{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",seasons:K,note:"A broadcast granule suppresses foraging ants across the lawn. Check that the label lists fire ants, and treat individual mounds as its directions say."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Broadcast treatments only w
1ork when the granules are spread evenly."}]},ants:{conditionType:"pest",picks:[{productKey:"pest-sevin",role:"curative",seasons:K,note:"Most lawn ants are harmless, so treat only where mounds are a real problem. Check that the label lists ants."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Spread granules evenly over the mounded area, then water in as the label directs."}]},nitrogen:{conditionType:"nutrient_deficiency",picks:[{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Balanced liquid feed for a controlled nitrogen correction."},{productKey:"fertilizer-milorganite",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Slow-release nitrogen lowers burn risk on stressed lawns."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use for even granular feeding."}]},iron:{conditionType:"nutrient_deficiency",picks:[{productKey:"iron-petratools",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Chelated iron improves color without pushing heavy top growth."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Use when iron chlorosis is paired with broader nutrient hunger."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Liquid iron needs even foliar coverage."}]},potassium:{conditionType:"nutrient_deficiency",picks:[{productKey:"fertilizer-pgf-complete",role:"recovery",seasons:["spring","fall"],note:"Balanced 16-4-8 helps correct low potassium without overdoing nitrogen."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Liquid 16-4-8 is a smaller correction pass for active growth."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Granular potassium corrections need calibrated coverage."}]},phosphorus:{conditionType:"nutrient_deficiency",picks:[{productKey:"starter-scotts",role:"recovery",seasons:["spring","fall"],note:"Use phosphorus only when a soil test or establishment need justifies it."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Keep phosphorus applications precise and off hard surfaces."}]},drought:{conditionType:"environmental",picks:[{productKey:"summer-hydretain",role:"recovery",seasons:P,note:"Hydretain supports stressed root zones between deeper watering cycles."},{productKey:"summer-wetting-agent",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Wetting agents help water move into dry, hydrophobic soil."},{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"A moisture sensor helps avoid guessing during drought stress."}]},heat:{conditionType:"environmental",picks:[{productKey:"summer-hydretain",role:"recovery",seasons:P,note:"Heat stress usually starts with water stress at the root zone."},{productKey:"iron-petratools",role:"recovery",seasons:P,note:"Iron gives color without a heavy nitrogen push in hot weather."},{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Measure moisture before adding more fertilizer or water."}]},"dog-urine":{conditionType:"environmental",picks:[{productKey:"summer-wetting-agent",role:"recovery",seasons:K,note:"Flush and dilute salts first, then improve water movement through the spot."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Use for spot-flushing and light recovery products."},{productKey:"seed-cool-pennington",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Reseed cool-season dead spots once crowns are gone."}]},quackgrass:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"nonselective-glyphosate",role:"curative",seasons:["summer","fall"],note:"No selective herbicide removes quackgrass from a lawn. Spot-spray patches with glyphosate, which kills any grass it touches, then reseed once the label allows."},{productKey:"tool-fiskars-weed-puller",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Works on small patches only, and only if you lift out every white rhizome piece; any fragment left behind regrows into a new plant."},{productKey:"seed-cool-pennington",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Removing or spot-treating quackgrass leaves bare soil, so reseed it. Late summer to early fall is the strongest window for cool-season seed."},{productKey:"fertilizer-pgf-complete",role:"preventive",seasons:R,note:"Feeding will not kill quackgrass, but a dense well-fed stand mowed tall shades the rhizome tips that surface at the edge of a patch."}]},orchardgrass:{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"nonselective-glyphosate",role:"curative",seasons:A,note:"No selective herbicide takes orchardgrass out of a cool-season lawn. Spot-spray clumps with glyphosate, which kills any grass it touches, or dig small clumps with a spade, then reseed."},{productKey:"tool-fiskars-weed-puller",role:"tool",seasons:A,note:"Orchardgrass is a bunchgrass with
1no rhizomes, so lifting a small clump with its crown and root mass genuinely ends that plant. Large established clumps still want a spade."},{productKey:"seed-cool-pennington",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Every clump you remove leaves a divot. Refill it with certified cool-season seed, which is also how you stop reintroducing orchardgrass through bargain mixes."},{productKey:"starter-scotts",role:"recovery",seasons:R,note:"Starter food helps the reseeded patches root before surrounding turf or the next weed closes over them."}]},"creeping-bentgrass":{conditionType:"weed",picks:[{productKey:"post-emergent-tenacity",role:"curative",seasons:["summer","fall"],note:"The one selective option, and only on a verified Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, or tall fescue lawn. Plan on three or four applications 2 to 3 weeks apart; a single pass will not do it."},{productKey:"surfactant-non-ionic",role:"tool",seasons:["summer","fall"],note:"The mesotrione label requires a non-ionic surfactant for post-emergent applications. Without it, coverage on fine bentgrass blades is the limiting factor."},{productKey:"seed-cool-pennington",role:"recovery",seasons:["fall"],note:"Stripped or bleached patches have to be refilled the same season or the stolons come back. Check the seeding tolerance on the herbicide label before overseeding a treated area."}]}},G={mild:0,moderate:1,severe:2},I={"pre-emergent-barricade":"Barricade 4FL","pre-emergent-dimension":"Dimension 2EW","post-emergent-trimec":"Trimec Classic","post-emergent-speedzone":"SpeedZone","post-emergent-tenacity":"Tenacity","post-emergent-quinclorac":"Quinclorac 75DF","post-emergent-sedgehammer":"SedgeHammer"},N={"dollar spot":"dollar-spot","brown patch disease":"brown-patch","brown patch":"brown-patch","large patch":"large-patch","snow mold":"gray-snow-mold","gray snow mold":"gray-snow-mold","pink snow mold":"pink-snow-mold","leaf spot":"leaf-spot","summer patch":"summer-patch",pythium:"pythium-blight","pythium blight":"pythium-blight",dandelion:"dandelions",dandelions:"dandelions",clover:"white-clover","white clover":"white-clover","common lespedeza":"common-lespedeza","common lespedeza japanese clover":"common-lespedeza","japanese clover":"common-lespedeza","annual lespedeza":"common-lespedeza",nutsedge:"nutsedge-yellow","yellow nutsedge":"nutsedge-yellow","poa annua":"annual-bluegrass-poa-annua","annual bluegrass":"annual-bluegrass-poa-annua",plantain:"broadleaf-plantain","wild violet":"wild-violet",violet:"wild-violet",chickweed:"chickweed-common",grubs:"white-grubs-japanese-beetle",grub:"white-grubs-japanese-beetle","white grubs":"white-grubs-japanese-beetle",armyworm:"armyworms",armyworms:"armyworms","chinch bug":"chinch-bugs","chinch bugs":"chinch-bugs",drought:"drought",dry:"drought","heat stress":"heat",heat:"heat","dog urine":"dog-urine",urine:"dog-urine",chlorosis:"iron","iron chlorosis":"iron"};function j(e){return e.toLowerCase().replace(/&/g," and ").replace(/\([^)]*\)/g,e=>` ${e.slice(1,-1)} `).replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g,"-").replace(/^-+|-+$/g,"")}function L(e){var t,r,a;if(!e?.name&&!e?.matchedSlug)return null;if(e.matchedSlug&&z[e.matchedSlug])return{conditionSlug:e.matchedSlug,conditionType:z[e.matchedSlug].conditionType};let o=e.name??"",s=U(o),n=N[s];if(n&&z[n])return{conditionSlug:n,conditionType:z[n].conditionType};if("disease"===e.type){let e,t=(e=o.toLowerCase(),Object.values(v).find(t=>t.name.toLowerCase().includes(e)||t.id.includes(e.replace(/\s+/g,"-")))??_(v,o));if(t?.id&&z[t.id])return{conditionSlug:t.id,conditionType:"disease"}}if("pest"===e.type){let e,t=(e=o.toLowerCase(),Object.values(k).find(t=>t.name.toLowerCase().includes(e)||t.id.includes(e.replace(/\s+/g,"-")))??_(k,o));if(t?.id&&z[t.id])return{conditionSlug:t.id,conditionType:"pest"}}if("weed"===e.type){let e=(0,S.findWeedByName)(o)??_(S.WEED_CHARACTERISTICS,o);if(e?.name){let t=j(e.name);if(z[t])return{conditionSlug:t,conditionType:"weed"}}}if("nutrient_deficiency"===e.type){let e,a=(t=s,r=x,(e=Object.entries({"yellowing between veins":"iron","iron chlorosis":"iron",chlorosis:"iron","n deficiency":"nitrogen","low nitrogen":"nitrogen",yellowing:"nitrogen","k deficiency":"potassium","low potassium":"potassium","p deficiency":"phosphorus","low phosphorus":"phosphorus","mg deficiency":"magnesium","low magnesium":"magnesium"}).find(e=>{let[r]=e;return t.includes(r)}))?e[1]:Object.keys(r).find(e=>t.includes(e))??null);if(a&&z[a])return{conditionSlug:a,conditionType:"nutrient_deficiency"}}if("environmental"===e.type){let e,t=(a=s,(e=Object.entries({dry:"drought",drought:"drought","water stress":"drought","heat stress":"heat",heat:"heat","dog urine":"dog-urine",urine:"dog-urine","pet urine":"dog-urine","chemical burn":"dog-urine","fertilizer burn":"dog-urine"}).find(e=>{let[t]=e;return a.includes(t)}))?e[1]:Object.keys(C).find(e=>a.includes(e))??null);if(t&&z[t])return{conditionSlug:t,conditionType:"environmental"}}return null}let O={"common-lespedeza":{culturalPractices:["Hand-pull isolated plants with the taproot before they set seed.","For larger patches, spot-treat with a post-emergent product whose label lists common lespedeza and your turfgrass.","Relieve compaction and thicken thin turf so new lespedeza seedlings have less room to establish."],organicAlternatives:["Pull or dig plants while the soil is moist and before the stems become woody.","Mow at the correct height and repair thin areas after control to improve turf competition."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Late spring to early summer while plants are young and actively growing"}},W={disease:{culturalPractices:["Start by correcting prolonged leaf wetness: water early, avoid evening irrigation, and improve airflow through the affected area.","Bag visibly affected clippings while symptoms are active and clean mower blades before moving to healthy turf.","If the problem continues to spread, use a lawn fungicide whose label lists the diagnosed disease and follow its timing and reapplication directions."],organicAlternatives:["Reduce irrigation frequency while keeping the root zone adequately moist.","Avoid heavy nitrogen until active symptoms slow, then support recovery with light feeding if the lawn needs it."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Begin cultural corrections now; use a labeled fungicide while symptoms are active if the affected area is spreading"},pest:{culturalPractices:["Confirm active insects in the damaged area with a tug, soap-flush, or soil inspection before applying an insecticide.","Reduce excess thatch and correct drought stress so the turf can recover after feeding damage.","When active pests are confirmed, use a lawn insect-control product whose label lists the diagnosed pest and follow its watering-in directions."],organicAlternatives:["Remove small, localized infestations and damaged material by hand where practical.","Support recovery with correct mowing and deep, infrequent watering after active feeding stops."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Treat while the diagnosed pest is active and present in the damaged area"},weed:{culturalPractices:["Hand-pull isolated plants, removing the crown or root system before seed develops.","For larger patches, spot-treat with a post-emergent product whose label lists this weed and your turfgrass.","Repair thin turf after control so new weeds have less o
1pen soil to colonize."],organicAlternatives:["Pull or dig plants while the soil is moist and dispose of seed heads.","Mow at the correct height and thicken bare areas after removal."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Treat young, actively growing weeds before they flower or set seed"},nutrient_deficiency:{culturalPractices:["Confirm the suspected deficiency with a soil test before making a large fertilizer correction.","Use the smallest labeled nutrient application that addresses the confirmed need, then water it in as directed.","Recheck color and growth before repeating an application so the lawn is not overfed."],organicAlternatives:["Use compost or a slow-release organic fertilizer only when the soil result supports it.","Correct pH and irrigation problems that can keep existing nutrients unavailable to roots."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Correct confirmed deficiencies while the grass is actively growing"},environmental:{culturalPractices:["Correct the source of stress first, such as watering, mowing height, drainage, traffic, or recent product injury.","Protect the affected area from additional stress while the crowns and roots recover.","Repair dead or thin areas during the next suitable growing window after the stress source is controlled."],organicAlternatives:["Use water, compost, and reduced traffic as appropriate to the diagnosed stress instead of adding another pesticide.","Monitor new growth for two weeks before adding fertilizer to already stressed turf."],bestTreatmentWindow:"Correct the stress source now and repair turf during its active growing season"}},q={disease:[{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",note:"Even coverage matters when a granular treatment or recovery product is appropriate."},{productKey:"soil-sea-kelp",role:"recovery",note:"Kelp supports root recovery after disease pressure and cultural conditions are corrected."},{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",note:"Track root-zone moisture so the lawn is not kept wet enough to prolong disease."}],pest:[{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",note:"Apply labeled granular pest control evenly when active insects are confirmed."},{productKey:"summer-hydretain",role:"recovery",note:"Moisture support helps damaged turf recover after active feeding is controlled."},{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",note:"Monitor soil moisture so drought stress does not compound feeding damage."}],weed:[{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",note:"Use for even, label-directed spot applications when a liquid treatment is appropriate."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",note:"Apply granular prevention evenly and keep product off beds and hard surfaces."},{productKey:"surfactant-non-ionic",role:"tool",note:"Add a non-ionic surfactant to a liquid treatment only when its label calls for one."}],nutrient_deficiency:[{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",note:"A measured balanced feeding option after the suspected nutrient need is confirmed."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",note:"Calibrated coverage helps prevent streaks and overapplication."},{productKey:"soil-test-mysoil",role:"tool",note:"Confirm the deficiency with a soil test before making a large fertilizer correction."}],environmental:[{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",note:"Measure root-zone moisture before adding water or fertilizer to stressed turf."},{productKey:"tool-hose-end-sprayer",role:"tool",note:"Useful for controlled spot watering and label-directed liquid recovery products."},{productKey:"summer-wetting-agent",role:"recovery",note:"Helps water move through dry or water-repellent soil after the stress source is identified."}]},D=[{productKey:"smart-soil-sensor",role:"tool",note:"Check root-zone moisture before watering or feeding so treatment is based on real conditions, not guesswork."},{productKey:"tool-spreader-edgeguard-mini",role:"tool",note:"Apply any granular product evenly and keep it off beds and hard surfaces."},{productKey:"fertilizer-simple-1648",role:"recovery",note:"A measured balanced feed supports recovery once the underlying problem is addressed."},{productKey:"soil-test-mysoil",role:"tool",note:"A soil test shows what the lawn actually needs before anything else goes down."}];function U(e){return e.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]+/g," ").replace(/\s+/g," ").trim()}function Z(e){return U(e).replace(/\bgrass\b/g,"").replace(/\s+/g," ").trim()}function _(e,t){let r=U(t);return Object.values(e).find(e=>{let t=U(e.name);return t.includes(r)||r.includes(t)})}e.s(["getCompleteConditionPicks",0,function(e,t,r){var a,o,s;let n=arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3]?arguments[3]:{};if(!e)return{source:"fallback",picks:[],fallbackReason:"unmatched"};let i=L(e),l="spring"===(a=r)||"summer"===a||"fall"===a||"winter"===a?a:null,c=i?z[i.conditionSlug].picks:[],d=[...c.filter(e=>{var t,r;return 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