index-DhIsQsVi.js

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1import{j as e,c as J,r as g,o as Se,p as ee,d as L,s as $,t as Ne,h as Ce,k as Le,_ as Me}from"./index-DuSKzjd3.js";const te="/assets/pennan-CyZ3jMoD.webp",re="/assets/out-of-order-oDMydnQf.webp",ne="/assets/heddon-street-BDTJ0-aF.webp",Te=[{label:"BT Business: the history of the phone box",url:"https://business.bt.com/insights/history-of-phone-boxes/"},{label:"BT Business: Adopt a Kiosk scheme",url:"https://business.bt.com/public-sector/street-hubs/adopt-a-kiosk-scheme/"},{label:"HM Government of Gibraltar, Ministry for Heritage: telephone boxes",url:"https://www.ministryforheritage.gi/heritage-and-antiquities/category/telephone-boxes-20"},{label:"Guide Me Malta: the old telephone booths of Malta",url:"https://www.guidememalta.com/en/discover-the-old-telephone-booths-of-malta-where-you-can-find-them"},{label:"Dezeen: British Design Classics stamps by Royal Mail (2009)",url:"https://www.dezeen.com/2009/01/13/british-design-classics-stamps-by-royal-mail/"},{label:"London Transport Museum: British Design Classics stamps, 2009",url:"https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/relics/item/2009-4242"},{label:"Wikipedia: Red telephone box",url:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_telephone_box"},{label:"BT Payphones: kiosk maintenance FAQs (March 2019, via Shropshire Council)",url:"https://shropshire.gov.uk/media/12288/bt-payphones-kiosk-maintenance-faqs-march-2019.pdf"},{label:"The Primrose Hill Magazine: The volunteer phone box painter (March 2024)",url:"https://onthehill.info/2024/03/the-volunteer-phone-box-painter/"},{label:"Time Out London: Londonâs phone boxes are 80 years old (October 2016)",url:"https://www.timeout.com/london/blog/londons-phone-boxes-are-80-years-old-here-are-five-alternative-uses-for-them-101416"},{label:"Spitalfields Life: The inescapable melancholy of phone boxes (April 2024)",url:"https://spitalfieldslife.com/2024/04/15/the-inescapable-melancholy-of-phone-boxes-i/"},{label:"Wikipedia: Tart card",url:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tart_card"}],Ae=Te,ge={en:{hero:{kicker:"Culture",title:["The red telephone box lost its voice.","Weâre putting it back."],lead:"Loved, famous, then left behind. For a century it carried ordinary conversations. Crown Booth gives it a new job: a place to make something, and send it somewhere else.",pavement:"A Crown Booth on a British street"},object:{kicker:"The object",title:"Once built for conversation. Rebuilt for creation.",body:["The red telephone box was public infrastructure for talking: always there, open to anyone, a door you could close on a busy street.","Mobile phones took the calls away. The box stayed."],history:"The full history, from K1 to today"},street:{kicker:"The street",title:"People already stop for the box.",body:"They photograph it, step inside it, shelter in it from the rain. It belongs to the pavement, the weather and the people walking past.",now:{label:"What people do now",steps:["See","Stop","Photograph"]},next:{label:"What they can do next",steps:["Enter","Create","Share","Return"]},close:"A familiar object. A new reason to step inside."},travelled:{title:"A British icon that travelled.",lead:"Red boxes still stand far from Britain. Some are the real thing, some were shipped out later, and some are copies.",all:"All",kinds:{original:"Original, still in place",exported:"British-made, exported",replica:"Replica or look-alike"},boxes:[{place:"Gibraltar",kind:"original",body:"Twelve kiosks recorded by Gibraltarâs heritage ministry: ten K6s and two of the larger K2."},{place:"Malta",kind:"original",body:"One of the few places outside Britain with many red boxes; some are now small libraries."},{place:"Porto, Portugal",kind:"exported",body:"K3 boxes brought in by the Anglo-Portuguese Telephone Company survive in the city."},{place:"Thames Town, near Shanghai",kind:"replica",body:"An English-style town built with its own red boxes, among many look-alikes around the world."}],note:"These are examples, not Crown Booths, and not a map of where Crown Booths are.",map:{alt:"World map of red K6 telephone box locations: most are in Britain and the rest of Europe, with others across North America, the Caribbean, South America, the Middle East, Asia, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.",credit:"Map imagery Â© Google."},gallery:{text:"For many more K6 boxes, in Britain and abroad, see X2 Connectâs photo gallery.",link:"K6 photo gallery at X2 Connect"}},network:{kicker:"How the sound travelled",title:"The Network Behind the Music",calls:["They called each other.","They met in clubs.","They traded re

1cords.","They heard about gigs through friends.","They crossed cities for sessions.","They found collaborators by accident.","And the sound travelled."],thesis:"Culture moves because people connect.",communication:{title:"Before feeds, there were phone numbers.",lines:["Before group chats, there were calls, flyers, record shops and word of mouth.","Finding the right person could mean finding the next gig, the next session, or the next sound."],channelsTitle:"How people found each other",channels:["Telephone calls","Public phone boxes","Pubs","Clubs","Venues","Rehearsal rooms","Studios","Record shops","Pirate radio","Music papers","Flyers","Promoters","Word of mouth"]},stories:{label:"Messages that started something",items:[{kicker:"NME Â· 1967",title:"One advert, one envelope",body:"In 1967, Elton John and Bernie Taupin answered the same advert in the NME. Neither passed the audition, but Taupinâs lyrics reached Elton in a sealed envelope. A partnership of more than fifty years began with a message passed between strangers.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Taupin"},{kicker:"Dartford station Â· 1961",title:"Records under his arm",body:"On 17 October 1961, on Platform 2 at Dartford station, Keith Richards noticed the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records Mick Jagger was carrying. They had known each other as boys. A shared love of rhythm and blues became the Rolling Stones.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Jagger"}],previous:"Previous story",next:"Next story",pause:"Pause the stories",play:"Play the stories",source:"Source"},carousel:{title:"UK Legends",lead:"Not a ranking. Artists, producers, DJs, engineers, broadcasters, shop owners and scene builders from across the UK, each a way into how its music formed and travelled.",previous:"Previous people",next:"More people",of:"of",show:"Show connections",selected:"Showing connections",connections:"Connections",also:"Also connected here",source:"Source",where:"Where",everywhere:"All of the UK",drawing:"Drawing of {name}",youtube:"Search YouTube, opens in a new tab",pause:"Pause the moving strip",play:"Play the strip"},map:{title:"Who and what they connect to",legend:"Line styles",hint:"Choose someone above to see their connections. Only documented links between people are drawn as direct."},disclaimer:"An editorial look at how British music culture formed. The people featured are not affiliated with Crown Booth and donât endorse it.",world:{title:"The UK was a meeting point.",body:["Music from the UK was never one-directional, and never only Londonâs: Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, Cardiff, Bristol and Birmingham all built their own scenes.","It was shaped from outside too. Caribbean sound systems, African music, American rock and blues, European electronics and the people who arrived from everywhere.","Sounds, people, technologies and cultures collided here, then travelled back out into the world."]}},places:{kicker:"Where it happened",title:"The rooms and streets the music came from.",lead:"Cellars, record shops, clubs and streets across the UK, each drawn with a red box on the pavement outside.",with:"In the Network:",note:"The red box in each drawing marks the place. It doesnât mean a box stood there."},awards:{kicker:"Still travelling",title:"Award-winning acts",lead:"British artists who won at this yearâs Grammys, BRITs, MOBOs and Ivors, and at the latest Mercury Prize. The music is still being made here, and still travelling.",filter:"Awards",all:"All awards",won:"Won",source:"Source",note:"Wins only, as each ceremonyâs record lists them. These artists are not affiliated with Crown Booth and donât endorse it.",previous:"Previous acts",next:"More acts",of:"of",pause:"Pause the moving strip",play:"Play the strip"},loved:{kicker:"Loved",title:"People never stopped loving it.",body:["In 1981 a newspaper wrongly reported that every red box would be painted yellow. The Daily Mail campaigned against âthe yellow perilâ, questions were asked in Parliament, and BT said only 90 of its 77,000 boxes had been painted, as an experiment."],facts:[{figure:"~2,000",text:"red boxes listed to protect them when BT began replacing them in the 1980s."},{figure:"2006",text:"The K2 is voted one of Britainâs top ten design icons, alongside Concorde and the Mini."},{figure:"2009",text:"Royal Mail puts the K2 on a stamp in its British De

1sign Classics series."}]},fame:{kicker:"Famous",title:"A star in its own right.",lead:"It has been on screen since Hitchcockâs Blackmail in 1929, and in The Ladykillers (1955) and Get Carter (1971) since.",stories:{label:"Famous red boxes",items:[{kicker:"The school phone box Â· 1960s",title:"âI have Mr Branson waiting for youâ",body:"At boarding school, Richard Branson wasnât allowed a phone in his room, so he sold advertising for his new Student magazine from the phone box outside. Telling the operator the box had swallowed his coins got him put through for free, and the operator announced him like a secretary.",source:"https://www.virgin.com/branson-family/richard-branson-blog/thinking-out-phone-box"},{kicker:"Heddon Street Â· 1972",title:"Ziggy in the box",body:"On the back cover of The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, David Bowie stands inside a red K2 telephone box on Heddon Street, just off Regent Street. Fans still come to stand where he stood.",source:"http://www.5years.com/heddon2.htm",image:{src:ne,width:720,height:625,alt:"23 Heddon Street, London, with the Ziggy Stardust plaque by the door",credit:"23 Heddon Street today, where the cover was shot. Photo: Spudgun67, CC BY-SA 4.0 (cropped)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ziggy_Stardust_-_23_Heddon_Street_just_off_Regent_Street_W1.jpg"}},{kicker:"Pennan Â· 1983",title:"The box that wasnât there",body:"In Local Hero, the phone box in the Aberdeenshire village of Pennan was a prop; the real one, a few yards away, was hidden behind a prop shed. It has been listed since 1989, and film fans come from all over the world to make a call from it.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennan",image:{src:te,width:470,height:830,alt:"The red telephone box in Pennan, Aberdeenshire",credit:"Photo: Iain Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pennan%27s_Famous_Phone_Box_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4003501.jpg"}},{kicker:"The Order of the Phoenix",title:"Dial 62442",body:"In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the visitorsâ entrance to the Ministry of Magic is an old red telephone box in London. Dial 62442, which spells MAGIC, give your name and business, and the box sinks underground.",source:"https://www.hp-lexicon.org/place/great-britain-united-kingdom/england/london/ministry-of-magic-headquarters/visitors-entrance/"},{kicker:"Kingston upon Thames Â· 1989",title:"Out of Order",body:"David Mach took twelve retired phone boxes from BT and stood them on Old London Road, the first upright and the rest falling like dominoes. It became one of Kingstonâs best-known landmarks, and was given a clean and a fresh coat of red for its 30th birthday in 2019.",source:"https://londonist.com/london/art-and-photography/telephone-boxes-out-of-order-kingston-artwork-restored",image:{src:re,width:590,height:640,alt:"Out of Order by David Mach: red telephone boxes toppling like dominoes on Old London Road, Kingston",credit:"Photo: Colin Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0 (cropped)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kingston-upon-Thames_-_%22Out_of_Order%22_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7673882.jpg"}},{kicker:"Take Me Home Â· 2012",title:"One Direction, one box",body:"The cover of One Directionâs second album shows the band gathered around a K6, the telephone box as shorthand for Britain to fans all over the world.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Home_(One_Direction_album)"}],previous:"Previous story",next:"Next story",pause:"Pause the stories",play:"Play the stories",source:"Source"}},neglect:{kicker:"Neglected",title:"Then the calls stopped.",lead:"Mobile phones put a phone in every pocket, and the box lost its job.",stats:[{figure:"92,000",label:"BT phone boxes at the peak, in 1992"},{figure:"21,000",label:"phone boxes still in use by 2021"},{figure:"800m â 7m",label:"minutes of payphone calls a year, 2002 to 2020"}],body:["After privatisation, BT began replacing red boxes with the KX100, saying the old ones were expensive and difficult to clean and maintain.","Even so, in the year to May 2020 about 5 million calls were made from phone boxes, including 150,000 to the emergency services, 25,000 to ChildLine and 20,000 to Samaritans."],state:{t

1itle:"Left to weather",body:["Disconnected and no longer anyoneâs priority, many boxes were left to the weather and the street: graffiti on the glass, broken and missing panes, peeling paint.","Some became toilets. In 2016 Time Out wrote that Londonâs phone boxes were now mostly used as public toilets or a dumping ground for sex cards. In Spitalfields in 2024, a box that had lost its door was serving as one while the public toilet nearby was shut.","The cards had been there for years. From the 1980s, prostitutesâ calling cards papered the inside of Londonâs boxes. Around 2002 BT was taking down 150,000 a week in central London alone, and the Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 made putting them up an offence.","And on cold nights, people with nowhere else to go have sheltered in them.","Once a box is adopted, looking after it becomes the adopterâs job. BT will still supply paint to town and parish councils who want to repaint their own."]},volunteer:{kicker:"St Johnâs Wood and Primrose Hill",body:"Rob Pammen, a painter and decorator, asked BT if he could repaint the shabby kiosks near him himself. He restored nine in St Johnâs Wood, then carried on in Primrose Hill, sending BT before-and-after photos as he went.",quote:"âIâm giving back the love they gave me.â",source:"https://onthehill.info/2024/03/the-volunteer-phone-box-painter/"},adopted:{title:"Rescued for Â£1",body:"Through BTâs Adopt a Kiosk scheme, more than 5,000 communities have taken on their box for Â£1 and turned it into something new:",uses:["Libraries and book swaps","Defibrillator stations","Food banks","Coffee shops","Art galleries"]}},music:{link:{kicker:"British Music Impact",title:"The music the box carried.",body:"How people across the UK found each other, made music together and sent it round the world: the UK Legends, the network behind the music, and this yearâs award-winning acts.",cta:"Explore British Music Impact"},hero:{kicker:"British Music Impact",title:["Made in Britain.","Made with the world."],stats:{legends:"UK legends",awards:"award-winning acts this year",routes:"routes to the world"},jump:{label:"Go to",awards:"Award winners",legends:"UK Legends",map:"The map"},ticker:"Names on this page",pause:"Pause the names",play:"Play the names",lead:"From the Cavern to Tiger Bay, from Good Vibrations to the HaÃ§ienda: how people across the UK found each other, made music together and sent it round the world."}},creation:{kicker:"What Crown Booth does",title:"Walk in. Make something. Take it further.",steps:[{title:"Step inside a booth",body:"A familiar red box on the street, or a Crown Booth in a venue, hotel or campus."},{title:"Record something",body:"A song, a voice, a story. The booth is set up for sound when you arrive."},{title:"Carry it on",body:"It doesnât end at the door: save it, finish it later, share it, or find someone to work on it with."}],kinds:["Songs","Voices","Performances","Stories","Memories","Collaborations","Experiments","Unfinished work"]},present:{title:"Music has always moved through people.",lines:["Through calls. Through places. Through introductions. Through chance."],turn:"Crown Booth gives that exchange a physical place again.",buildingTitle:"Crown Booth is being built to help:",building:["creators discover each other","vocalists find producers, and engineers find sessions","unfinished work find collaborators","music move between booths and cities","people hear what each place is making, through sound maps and radio"],status:"In development",road:{title:"It starts on the street. It can travel anywhere.",stops:["A street in London","A club in Manchester","A record shop in Belfast","A venue in Glasgow","A studio in Cardiff","A campus in Bristol","An airport","Another country"],close:"Physically local. Connected everywhere."}},people:{title:"Crown Booth provides the place. People create the culture.",body:"The booth is the container. People give it meaning through:",items:["Songs","Conversations","Collaborations","Performances","Experiments","Memories","Scenes"]},cta:{title:"Culture needs places to happen.",body:"Walk in, make something, find someone, and send a sound somewhere else.",creators:{title:"For creators",start:"Start creating",find:"Find a Booth",signIn:"Sign in",boothos:"Enter BoothOS"},places:{title:"For places",explore:"Explore the Booth in 3D",host:"Host a Booth",pricing:"Plans and pricing",enquire:"Make an enquiry"}},sources:{title:"Sources",people:"People, scenes and connections",drawings:"Drawings by {name}"}},fr:{hero:{kicker:"Culture",title:["La cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique rouge avait perdu sa voix.","Nous la lui rendons."],lead:"Pendant un siÃ¨cle, elle a portÃ© des conversations ordinaires. Crown Booth lui donne un nouveau rÃ´le : un lieu pour crÃ©er quelque chose, et lâenvoyer ailleurs.",pavement:"Une Crown Booth dans une rue britannique"},object:{kicker:"Lâobjet",title:"Construite pour parler. Reconstruite pour crÃ©er.",body:["La cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique rouge Ã©tait une infrastru

1cture publique pour parler : toujours lÃ , ouverte Ã  tous, une porte quâon pouvait fermer au milieu de la rue.","Le tÃ©lÃ©phone portable a emportÃ© les appels. La cabine est restÃ©e."],history:"Toute lâhistoire, du K1 Ã  aujourdâhui"},street:{kicker:"La rue",title:"On sâarrÃªte dÃ©jÃ  devant la cabine.",body:"On la photographie, on y entre, on sây abrite de la pluie. Elle appartient au trottoir, Ã  la mÃ©tÃ©o et aux passants.",now:{label:"Ce que les gens font aujourdâhui",steps:["Voir","SâarrÃªter","Photographier"]},next:{label:"Ce quâils peuvent faire ensuite",steps:["Entrer","CrÃ©er","Partager","Revenir"]},close:"Un objet familier. Une nouvelle raison dâentrer."},travelled:{title:"Une icÃ´ne britannique qui a voyagÃ©.",lead:"Des cabines rouges se dressent encore loin de la Grande-Bretagne. Certaines sont dâorigine, dâautres ont Ã©tÃ© exportÃ©es plus tard, dâautres encore sont des copies.",all:"Toutes",kinds:{original:"Dâorigine, toujours en place",exported:"FabriquÃ©e au Royaume-Uni, exportÃ©e",replica:"RÃ©plique ou imitation"},boxes:[{place:"Gibraltar",kind:"original",body:"Douze cabines recensÃ©es par le ministÃ¨re du Patrimoine de Gibraltar : dix K6 et deux K2, plus grandes."},{place:"Malte",kind:"original",body:"Lâun des rares lieux hors de Grande-Bretagne Ã  compter de nombreuses cabines rouges ; certaines sont devenues de petites bibliothÃ¨ques."},{place:"Porto, Portugal",kind:"exported",body:"Des cabines K3 installÃ©es par lâAnglo-Portuguese Telephone Company subsistent dans la ville."},{place:"Thames Town, prÃ¨s de Shanghai",kind:"replica",body:"Une ville de style anglais construite avec ses propres cabines rouges, parmi de nombreuses imitations dans le monde."}],note:"Ce sont des exemples, pas des Crown Booth, ni une carte des lieux Crown Booth.",map:{alt:"Carte du monde des cabines tÃ©lÃ©phoniques rouges K6 : la plupart se trouvent en Grande-Bretagne et dans le reste de lâEurope, dâautres en AmÃ©rique du Nord, dans les CaraÃ¯bes, en AmÃ©rique du Sud, au Moyen-Orient, en Asie, en Afrique du Sud, en Australie et en Nouvelle-ZÃ©lande.",credit:"Fond de carte Â© Google."},gallery:{text:"Pour beaucoup dâautres cabines K6, en Grande-Bretagne et ailleurs, voir la galerie de photos de X2 Connect.",link:"Galerie de photos K6 chez X2 Connect (en anglais)"}},network:{kicker:"Comment le son a voyagÃ©",title:"Le rÃ©seau derriÃ¨re la musique",calls:["Ils sâappelaient.","Ils se croisaient dans les clubs.","Ils Ã©changeaient des disques.","Ils apprenaient les concerts par des amis.","Ils traversaient la ville pour une session.","Ils trouvaient des collaborateurs par hasard.","Et le son voyageait."],thesis:"La culture circule parce que les gens se rencontrent.",communication:{title:"Avant les fils dâactualitÃ©, il y avait des numÃ©ros de tÃ©lÃ©phone.",lines:["Avant les groupes de discussion, il y avait les appels, les flyers, les disquaires et le bouche-Ã -oreille.","Trouver la bonne personne, câÃ©tait parfois trouver le prochain concert, la prochaine session ou le prochain son."],channelsTitle:"Comment on se trouvait",channels:["Appels tÃ©lÃ©phoniques","Cabines publiques","Pubs","Clubs","Salles","Salles de rÃ©pÃ©tition","Studios","Disquaires","Radio pirate","Presse musicale","Flyers","Organisateurs","Bouche-Ã -oreille"]},stories:{label:"Des messages qui ont tout lancÃ©",items:[{kicker:"NME Â· 1967",title:"Une annonce, une enveloppe",body:"En 1967, Elton John et Bernie Taupin ont rÃ©pondu Ã  la mÃªme annonce dans le NME. Aucun des deux nâa rÃ©ussi lâaudition, mais les paroles de Taupin sont parvenues Ã  Elton dans une enveloppe scellÃ©e. Un duo de plus de cinquante ans est nÃ© dâun message passÃ© entre inconnus.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Taupin"},{kicker:"Gare de Dartford Â· 1961",title:"Des disques sous le bras",body:"Le 17 octobre 1961, sur le quai 2 de la gare de Dartford, Keith Richards remarque les disques de Chuck Berry et de Muddy Waters que porte Mick Jagger. Ils se connaissaient enfants. Un amour commun du rhythm and blues est devenu les Rolling Stones.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Jagger"}],previous:"Histoire prÃ©cÃ©dente",next:"Histoire suivante",pause:"Mettre les histoires en pause",play:"Relancer les histoires",source:"Source"},carousel:{title:"LÃ©gendes britanniques",lead:"Pas un classement. Artistes, producteurs, DJ, ingÃ©nieurs, animateurs, disquaires et bÃ¢tisseurs de scÃ¨nes de tout le Royaume-Uni : chacun ouvre une porte sur la faÃ§on dont sa musique sâest formÃ©e et a voyagÃ©.",previous:"Personnes prÃ©cÃ©dentes",next:"Plus de personnes",of:"sur",show:"Voir les liens",selected:"Liens affichÃ©s",connections:"Liens",also:"Aussi reliÃ© ici",source:"Source",where:"OÃ¹",everywhere:"Tout le Royaume-Uni",drawing:"Dessin : {name}",youtube:"Rechercher sur YouTube, sâouvre dans un nouvel onglet",pause:"Mettre en pause le dÃ©filement",play:"Relancer le dÃ©filement"},map:{title:"Ã qui et Ã  quoi ils sont reliÃ©s",legend:"Types de lignes",hint:"Choisissez quelquâun ci-dessus pour voir ses liens. Seuls les liens documentÃ©s entre personnes sont tracÃ©s comme directs."},disclaimer:"Un regard Ã©ditorial sur la formation de la culture musicale britannique. Les personnes prÃ©sentÃ©es ne sont pas liÃ©es Ã  Crown Booth et ne la cautionnent pas.",world:{title:"Le Royaume-Uni Ã©tait un point de rencontre.",body:["La musique du Royaume-Uni

1nâa jamais circulÃ© dans un seul sens, ni appartenu Ã  Londres seule : Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Belfast, Cardiff, Bristol et Birmingham ont bÃ¢ti leurs propres scÃ¨nes.","Elle a aussi Ã©tÃ© faÃ§onnÃ©e de lâextÃ©rieur. Les sound systems caribÃ©ens, les musiques africaines, le rock et le blues amÃ©ricains, lâÃ©lectronique europÃ©enne et les gens venus de partout.","Sons, personnes, technologies et cultures se sont rencontrÃ©s ici, puis sont repartis dans le monde."]}},places:{kicker:"LÃ  oÃ¹ tout sâest passÃ©",title:"Les salles et les rues dâoÃ¹ vient la musique.",lead:"Des caves, des disquaires, des clubs et des rues de tout le Royaume-Uni, chacun dessinÃ© avec une cabine rouge sur le trottoir.",with:"Dans le rÃ©seau :",note:"La cabine rouge de chaque dessin signale le lieu. Elle ne veut pas dire quâune cabine se trouvait lÃ ."},awards:{kicker:"La musique voyage toujours",title:"Artistes primÃ©s",lead:"Des artistes britanniques rÃ©compensÃ©s cette annÃ©e aux Grammy Awards, aux BRIT Awards, aux MOBO Awards et aux Ivors, et au dernier Mercury Prize. La musique se fait toujours ici, et elle voyage toujours.",filter:"RÃ©compenses",all:"Toutes",won:"RÃ©compenses",source:"Source",note:"Uniquement les rÃ©compenses obtenues, telles que chaque cÃ©rÃ©monie les publie. Ces artistes ne sont pas liÃ©s Ã  Crown Booth et ne la soutiennent pas.",previous:"Artistes prÃ©cÃ©dents",next:"Plus dâartistes",of:"sur",pause:"Mettre en pause le dÃ©filement",play:"Relancer le dÃ©filement"},loved:{kicker:"AimÃ©e",title:"On nâa jamais cessÃ© de lâaimer.",body:["En 1981, un journal annonce Ã  tort que toutes les cabines rouges seront peintes en jaune. Le Daily Mail fait campagne contre le Â« pÃ©ril jaune Â», la question est posÃ©e au Parlement, et BT prÃ©cise que seules 90 de ses 77 000 cabines ont Ã©tÃ© repeintes, Ã  titre dâessai."],facts:[{figure:"~2 000",text:"cabines rouges classÃ©es pour les protÃ©ger quand BT a commencÃ© Ã  les remplacer dans les annÃ©es 1980."},{figure:"2006",text:"La K2 est Ã©lue parmi les dix icÃ´nes du design britannique, aux cÃ´tÃ©s du Concorde et de la Mini."},{figure:"2009",text:"Royal Mail met la K2 sur un timbre de sa sÃ©rie British Design Classics."}]},fame:{kicker:"CÃ©lÃ¨bre",title:"Une star Ã  part entiÃ¨re.",lead:"On la voit Ã  lâÃ©cran depuis Chantage dâHitchcock en 1929, puis dans Tueurs de dames (1955) et La Loi du milieu (1971).",stories:{label:"Des cabines rouges cÃ©lÃ¨bres",items:[{kicker:"La cabine de lâÃ©cole Â· annÃ©es 1960",title:"Â« Mr Branson est en ligne Â»",body:"En pension, Richard Branson nâavait pas le droit dâavoir un tÃ©lÃ©phone dans sa chambre : il vendait les espaces publicitaires de son nouveau magazine, Student, depuis la cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique devant lâÃ©cole. En disant Ã  lâopÃ©ratrice que la cabine avait avalÃ© ses piÃ¨ces, il obtenait la communication gratuitement, et lâopÃ©ratrice lâannonÃ§ait comme une secrÃ©taire.",source:"https://www.virgin.com/branson-family/richard-branson-blog/thinking-out-phone-box"},{kicker:"Heddon Street Â· 1972",title:"Ziggy dans la cabine",body:"Au dos de la pochette de The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, David Bowie se tient dans une cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique rouge K2 sur Heddon Street, Ã  deux pas de Regent Street. Les fans viennent toujours se placer lÃ  oÃ¹ il se tenait.",source:"http://www.5years.com/heddon2.htm",image:{src:ne,width:720,height:625,alt:"Le 23 Heddon Street, Ã  Londres, avec la plaque Ziggy Stardust prÃ¨s de la porte",credit:"Le 23 Heddon Street aujourdâhui, oÃ¹ la pochette a Ã©tÃ© photographiÃ©e. Photo : Spudgun67, CC BY-SA 4.0 (rec

1adrÃ©e)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ziggy_Stardust_-_23_Heddon_Street_just_off_Regent_Street_W1.jpg"}},{kicker:"Pennan Â· 1983",title:"La cabine qui nâÃ©tait pas lÃ ",body:"Dans Local Hero, la cabine du village de Pennan, dans lâAberdeenshire, Ã©tait un accessoire ; la vraie, Ã  quelques mÃ¨tres, Ã©tait cachÃ©e derriÃ¨re une fausse remise. Elle est classÃ©e depuis 1989, et des cinÃ©philes viennent du monde entier pour y passer un appel.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennan",image:{src:te,width:470,height:830,alt:"La cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique rouge de Pennan, dans lâAberdeenshire",credit:"Photo : Iain Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0 (recadrÃ©e)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pennan%27s_Famous_Phone_Box_-_geograph.org.uk_-_4003501.jpg"}},{kicker:"LâOrdre du PhÃ©nix",title:"Composez le 62442",body:"Dans Harry Potter et lâOrdre du PhÃ©nix, lâentrÃ©e des visiteurs du ministÃ¨re de la Magie est une vieille cabine tÃ©lÃ©phonique rouge Ã  Londres. On compose le 62442, qui Ã©pelle MAGIC, on donne son nom et lâobjet de sa visite, et la cabine sâenfonce sous terre.",source:"https://www.hp-lexicon.org/place/great-britain-united-kingdom/england/london/ministry-of-magic-headquarters/visitors-entrance/"},{kicker:"Kingston upon Thames Â· 1989",title:"Out of Order",body:"David Mach a rÃ©cupÃ©rÃ© douze cabines rÃ©formÃ©es auprÃ¨s de BT et les a dressÃ©es sur Old London Road, la premiÃ¨re debout et les autres tombant comme des dominos. LâÅuvre est devenue lâun des repÃ¨res les plus connus de Kingston, nettoyÃ©e et repeinte en rouge pour ses 30 ans en 2019.",source:"https://londonist.com/london/art-and-photography/telephone-boxes-out-of-order-kingston-artwork-restored",image:{src:re,width:590,height:640,alt:"Out of Order de David Mach : des cabines rouges qui tombent comme des dominos sur Old London Road, Ã  Kingston",credit:"Photo : Colin Smith, CC BY-SA 2.0 (recadrÃ©e)",href:"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kingston-upon-Thames_-_%22Out_of_Order%22_-_geograph.org.uk_-_7673882.jpg"}},{kicker:"Take Me Home Â· 2012",title:"One Direction, une cabine",body:"La pochette du deuxiÃ¨me album de One Direction montre le groupe autour dâune K6 : la cabine comme raccourci de la Grande-Bretagne pour des fans du monde entier.",source:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_Home_(One_Direction_album)"}],previous:"Histoire prÃ©cÃ©dente",next:"Histoire suivante",pause:"Mettre les histoires en pause",play:"Relancer les histoires",source:"Source"}},neglect:{kicker:"DÃ©laissÃ©e",title:"Puis les appels se sont arrÃªtÃ©s.",lead:"Le tÃ©lÃ©phone portable a mis un tÃ©lÃ©phone dans chaque poche, et la cabine a perdu sa raison dâÃªtre.",stats:[{figure:"92 000",label:"cabines BT au plus haut, en 1992"},{figure:"21 000",label:"cabines encore en service en 2021"},{figure:"800 M â 7 M",label:"minutes dâappels depuis les cabines par an, de 2002 Ã  2020"}],body:["AprÃ¨s la privatisation, BT commence Ã  remplacer les cabines rouges par la KX100, jugeant les anciennes chÃ¨res et difficiles Ã  nettoyer et Ã  entretenir.","Pourtant, sur lâannÃ©e jusquâÃ  mai 2020, environ 5 millions dâappels ont encore Ã©tÃ© passÃ©s depuis les cabines, dont 150 000 vers les secours, 25 000 vers ChildLine et 20 000 vers les Samaritans."],state:{title:"LivrÃ©e aux intempÃ©ries",body:["DÃ©connectÃ©es et devenues la prioritÃ© de personne, beaucoup de cabines ont Ã©tÃ© laissÃ©es aux intempÃ©ries et Ã  la rue : graffitis sur les vitres, carreaux brisÃ©s ou manquants, peinture qui sâÃ©caille.","Certaines sont devenues des toilettes. En 2016, Time Out Ã©crivait que les cabines de Londres servaient dÃ©sormais surtout de toilettes publiques ou de dÃ©potoir pour les cartes de prostituÃ©es. Ã Spitalfields en 2024, une cabine qui avait perdu sa porte servait de toilettes pendant que les toilettes publiques voisines Ã©taient fermÃ©es.","Les cartes Ã©taient lÃ  depuis longtemps. DÃ¨s les annÃ©es 1980, les cartes de visite des prostituÃ©es tapissaient lâintÃ©rieur des cabines londoniennes. Vers 2002, BT en retirait 150 000 par semaine dans le seul centre de Londres, et le Criminal Justice and Police Act 2001 a fait de leur affichage une infraction.","Et les nuits froides, des personnes sans autre endroit oÃ¹ aller sây sont abritÃ©es.","Une fois la cabine adoptÃ©e, son entretien revient Ã  celui qui lâadopte. BT fournit encore de la peinture aux conseils municipaux et paroissiaux qui veulent repeindre la leur."]},volunteer:{kicker:"St Johnâs Wood et Primrose Hill",body:"Rob Pammen, peintre en bÃ¢timent, a demandÃ© Ã  BT sâil pouvait repeindre lui-mÃªme les cabines dÃ©fraÃ®chies de son quartier. Il en a restaurÃ© neuf Ã  St Johnâs Wood, puis a continuÃ© Ã  Primrose Hill, en envoyant Ã  BT des photos avant et aprÃ¨s.",quote:"Â« Je leur rends lâamour quâelles mâont donnÃ©. Â»",source:"https://onthehill.info/2024/03/the-volunteer-phone-box-painter/"},adopted:{title:"SauvÃ©e pour 1 Â£",body:"GrÃ¢ce au programme Adopt a Kiosk de BT, plus de 5 000 communautÃ©s ont repris leur cabine pour 1 Â£ et lui ont donnÃ© une nouvelle vie :",uses:["BibliothÃ¨ques et boÃ®tes Ã  livres","DÃ©fibrillateurs","Banques alimentaires","CafÃ©s","Galeries dâart"]}

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1,url:"https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/mental-health-services/where-to-get-urgent-help-for-mental-health/"}],emergency:{en:"If someoneâs life is at risk, call 999.",fr:"Si une vie est en danger, appelez le 999."},inMusic:[{name:"Music Minds Matter",action:{en:"Free, confidential support",fr:"Soutien gratuit et confidentiel"},detail:{en:"For everyone in music, from Help Musicians.",fr:"Pour tous ceux qui travaillent dans la musique, par Help Musicians."},url:"https://www.musicmindsmatter.org.uk/"}]},us:{label:{en:"US",fr:"Ãtats-Unis"},lines:[{name:"988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline",action:{en:"Call or text 988",fr:"Appelez ou Ã©crivez au 988"},href:"tel:988",detail:{en:"Free and confidential, 24/7. For anyone who needs someone to talk to.",fr:"Gratuit et confidentiel, 24h/24, 7j/7. Pour toute personne qui a besoin de parler."},url:"https://988lifeline.org/"},{name:"Crisis Text Line",action:{en:"Text HOME to 741741",fr:"Envoyez HOME au 741741"},href:"sms:741741",detail:{en:"Free and confidential, 24/7, from anywhere in the US.",fr:"Gratuit et confidentiel, 24h/24, 7j/7, partout aux Ãtats-Unis."},url:"https://www.crisistextline.org/"}],emergency:{en:"If someoneâs life is at risk, call 911.",fr:"Si une vie est en danger, appelez le 911."},inMusic:[{name:"MusiCares",action:{en:"Call 1-800-687-4227",fr:"Appelez le 1-800-687-4227"},href:"tel:+18006874227",detail:{en:"Mental health, addiction recovery and other help for music professionals, from the Recording Academy.",fr:"SantÃ© mentale, sortie de lâaddiction et autres aides pour les professionnels de la musique, par la Recording Academy."},url:"https://www.musicares.org/"},{name:"Backline",action:{en:"Free mental health support",fr:"Soutien gratuit en santÃ© mentale"},detail:{en:"For music industry professionals and their families.",fr:"Pour les professionnels de la musique et leurs familles."},url:"https://backline.care/"}]}},H=["uk","us"],Fe={en:"uk",fr:"uk"},ie=[{figure:"3,000+",text:{en:"studies reviewed for the World Health Organization in 2019 found a major role for the arts, music included, in preventing ill health, promoting health, and managing and treating illness.",fr:"Ã©tudes passÃ©es en revue pour lâOrganisation mondiale de la santÃ© en 2019 montrent que les arts, dont la musique, jouent un rÃ´le majeur pour prÃ©venir la maladie, promouvoir la santÃ©, et accompagner et soigner la maladie."},source:"https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289054553",label:"WHO Europe, 2019"},{figure:"Music therapy",text:{en:"added to usual care probably eases depression in the short term, and helps with anxiety and day-to-day functioning, a 2017 Cochrane review of nine studies found.",fr:"ajoutÃ©e aux soins habituels attÃ©nue probablement la dÃ©pression Ã  court terme, et aide face Ã  lâanxiÃ©tÃ© et dans la vie quotidienne, selon une revue Cochrane de neuf Ã©tudes (2017)."},source:"https://www.cochrane.org/CD004517/DEPRESSN_music-therapy-depression",label:"Cochrane, 2017"},{figure:"71%",text:{en:"of 2,211 musicians surveyed for Help Musicians UK in 2016 said they had experienced panic attacks or anxiety, and 69% depression. Music helps, and making it for a living can be hard.",fr:"des 2 211 musiciens interrogÃ©s pour Help Musicians UK en 2016 disaient avoir connu des crises de panique ou de lâanxiÃ©tÃ©, et 69 % la dÃ©pression. La musique aide, et en vivre peut Ãªtre dur."},source:"https://www.recordoftheday.com/news-and-press/can-music-make-you-sick-help-musicians-uk-reveals-mad-survey-results",label:"Help Musicians UK and the University of Westminster, 2016"}],Ue={en:{kicker:"Music and mental health",title:"Some things are easier to sing than to say.",lead:"Music helps a lot of people say whatâs hard to say. It isnât a substitute for support. If youâre struggling, or worried about someone, you can talk to someone today.",benefits:{title:"What music can do",lead:"The evidence is growing that making and listening to music is good for us. It is not a cure, and it is not a replacement for support."},now:{title:"If you need to talk to someone now",body:"You donât have to be in crisis to get in touch. These services are free and confidential.",where:"Where are you?",inMusic:"If you work in music",visit:"Visit"}

1,making:{title:"Making something",body:["Writing a song, saying something out loud, making something with other people: for many people itâs part of how they get through.","It isnât a replacement for support, and nobody should have to manage on their own. Crown Booth is a place to make something. It isnât a support service."]},note:"This page is information, not medical advice. If youâre outside these countries, your local emergency number can put you in touch with help.",sources:"Sources"},fr:{kicker:"Musique et santÃ© mentale",title:"Certaines choses se chantent plus facilement quâelles ne se disent.",lead:"La musique aide beaucoup de gens Ã  dire ce qui est difficile Ã  dire. Elle ne remplace pas un soutien. Si vous allez mal, ou si vous vous inquiÃ©tez pour quelquâun, vous pouvez parler Ã  quelquâun dÃ¨s aujourdâhui.",benefits:{title:"Ce que la musique peut faire",lead:"Les preuves sâaccumulent : faire et Ã©couter de la musique nous fait du bien. Ce nâest pas un remÃ¨de, et cela ne remplace pas un soutien."},now:{title:"Si vous avez besoin de parler Ã  quelquâun maintenant",body:"Pas besoin dâÃªtre en crise pour prendre contact. Ces services sont gratuits et confidentiels.",where:"OÃ¹ Ãªtes-vous ?",inMusic:"Si vous travaillez dans la musique",visit:"Voir"},making:{title:"CrÃ©er quelque chose",body:["Ãcrire une chanson, dire quelque chose Ã  voix haute, crÃ©er avec dâautres : pour beaucoup, cela aide Ã  tenir.","Cela ne remplace pas un soutien, et personne ne devrait avoir Ã  faire face seul. Crown Booth est un lieu pour crÃ©er. Ce nâest pas un service dâaide."]},note:"Cette page est une information, pas un avis mÃ©dical. Si vous Ãªtes dans un autre pays, le numÃ©ro dâurgence local peut vous mettre en contact avec de lâaide.",sources:"Sources"}},F="underline decoration-foreground/30 underline-offset-4 hover:decoration-foreground",le="crownbooth:support-region";function kt({locale:t}){const r=Ue[t],[n,o]=g.useState(Fe[t]);g.useEffect(()=>{let s=null;try{s=localStorage.getItem(le)}catch{}if(s&&H.includes(s))return o(s);if(t==="en"){const u=Intl.DateTimeFormat().resolvedOptions().timeZone??"";(navigator.language==="en-US"||u.startsWith("America/"))&&o("us")}},[t]);const l=s=>{o(s);try{localStorage.setItem(le,s)}catch{}};return e.jsxs(V,{children:[e.jsxs("header",{className:"culture-pavement relative px-4 pb-20 pt-14 sm:px-6 sm:pb-24 sm:pt-20",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"mx-auto w-full max-w-6xl",children:[e.jsx(B,{children:r.kicker}),e.jsx("h1",{className:"max-w-4xl font-serif text-[2.6rem] leading-[1.04] tracking-[-0.02em] text-balance sm:text-6xl",children:r.title}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-8 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1,infrastructure:{en:"Cultural infrastructure",fr:"Infrastructure culturelle"},label:{en:"Label or studio",fr:"Label ou studio"},diaspora:{en:"Migration and diaspora",fr:"Migration et diaspora"},technology:{en:"Technology",fr:"Technologie"}},Je={london:{en:"London",fr:"Londres"},liverpool:{en:"Liverpool",fr:"Liverpool"},manchester:{en:"Manchester",fr:"Manchester"},glasgow:{en:"Glasgow",fr:"Glasgow"},belfast:{en:"Belfast",fr:"Belfast"},cardiff:{en:"Cardiff",fr:"Cardiff"},bristol:{en:"Bristol",fr:"Bristol"},recordShops:{en:"Record shops",fr:"Disquaires"},camden:{en:"Camden",fr:"Camden"},southLondon:{en:"South London",fr:"Sud de Londres"},punkReggae:{en:"Punk meets reggae",fr:"Le punk rencontre le reggae"},soundSystems:{en:"Sound systems",fr:"Sound systems"},studios:{en:"Studios and producers",fr:"Studios et producteurs"},radio:{en:"Radio, pirate and public",fr:"Radio, pirate et publique"},grime:{en:"Grime and UK rap",fr:"Grime et rap britannique"},electronic:{en:"Electronic experiment",fr:"ExpÃ©rimentation Ã©lectronique"},arrivals:{en:"Arrivals",fr:"ArrivÃ©es"},africanLondon:{en:"African music in London",fr:"Musique africaine Ã  Londres"},recognition:{en:"Recognition (MOBO, Mercury)",fr:"Reconnaissance (MOBO, Mercury)"},musicPress:{en:"Music papers",fr:"Presse musicale"},clubs:{en:"Clubs",fr:"Clubs"},labels:{en:"Independent labels",fr:"Labels indÃ©pendants"},dnb:{en:"Jungle and drum and bass",fr:"Jungle et drum and bass"}},m=t=>`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/${t}`,$e=[{id:"marley",name:"Bob Marley",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter (Bob Marley and the Wailers)",fr:"Chanteur, auteur-compositeur (Bob Marley and the Wailers)"},place:{en:"Kingston â London",fr:"Kingston â Londres"},line:{en:"Signed by Chris Blackwellâs Island Records in 1972, the year he lived in Bloomsbury. After an attempt on his life in 1976 he spent two years in England, where he recorded Exodus and Kaya; Exodus stayed on the British album chart for 56 weeks.",fr:"SignÃ© par Island Records, le label de Chris Blackwell, en 1972, lâannÃ©e oÃ¹ il vit Ã  Bloomsbury. AprÃ¨s une tentative dâassassinat en 1976, il passe deux ans en Angleterre, oÃ¹ il enregistre Exodus et Kaya ; Exodus reste 56 semaines dans le classement britannique des albums."},links:[{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"Island Records",fr:"Island Records"}},{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"From Kingston to London",fr:"De Kingston Ã  Londres"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"Exodus and Kaya, recorded in England",fr:"Exodus et Kaya, enregistrÃ©s en Angleterre"}}],source:m("Bob_Marley")},{id:"bowie",name:"David Bowie",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter",fr:"Chanteur, auteur-compositeur"},place:{en:"Brixton â Berlin",fr:"Brixton â Berlin"},line:{en:"Born in Brixton, he made reinvention an art form. In Berlin he made Low and âHeroesâ with Brian Eno (1977).",fr:"NÃ© Ã  Brixton, il a fait de la rÃ©invention un art. Ã Berlin, il a fait Low et Â« Heroes Â» avec Brian Eno (1977)."},links:[{to:"eno",type:"direct",note:{en:"Low, âHeroesâ, Lodger (1977â79)",fr:"Low, Â« Heroes Â», Lodger (1977â79)"}},{to:"southLondon",type:"city",note:{en:"Born in Brixton",fr:"NÃ© Ã  Brixton"}}],source:m("David_Bowie")},{id:"eno",name:"Brian Eno",region:"london",role:{en:"Musician, producer",fr:"Musicien, producteur"},place:{en:"Roxy Music â ambient",fr:"Roxy Music â ambient"},line:{en:"A founder member of Roxy Music who went on to define ambient music, then shaped records for Bowie, Talking Heads and U2.",fr:"Membre fondateur de Roxy Music, il a dÃ©fini lâambient puis faÃ§onnÃ© des disques pour Bowie, Talking Heads et U2."},links:[{to:"bowie",type:"direct",note:{en:"The Berlin records (1977â79)",fr:"Les disques berlinois (1977â79)"}},{to:"electronic",type:"technology",note:{en:"The studio as an instrument",fr:"Le studio comme instrument"}},{to:"studios",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Producer",fr:"Producteur"}}],source:m("Brian_Eno")},{id:"amy",name:"Amy Winehouse",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter",fr:"Chanteuse, autrice-compositrice"},place:{en:"Camden",fr:"Camden"},line:{en:"Camdenâs voice. Back to Black (2006), made with Mark Ronson and Salaam Remi, carried London soul around the world.",fr:"La voix de Camden. Back to Black (2006), fait avec Mark Ronson et Salaam Remi, a portÃ© la soul londonienne dans le monde."},links:[{to:"camden",type:"city",note:{en:"Home and venues",fr:"Son quartier et ses salles"}},{to:"studios",type:"label",note:{en:"Produced by Mark Ronson and Salaam Remi",fr:"Produit par Mark Ronson et Salaam Remi"}}],source:m("Amy_Winehouse")},{id:"elton",name:"Elton John",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, pianist, songwriter",fr:"Chanteur, pianiste, compositeur"},place:{en:"Pinner â the world",fr:"Pinner â le monde"},line:{en:"In 1967 he and Bernie Taupin answered the same advert in the NME. Taupinâs lyrics reached him in an envelope, and a partnership of more than fifty years began.",fr:"En 1967, Bernie Taupin et lui ont rÃ©pondu Ã  la mÃªme annonce dans le NME. Les paroles de Taupin lui sont parvenues dans une enveloppe : un duo de plus de cinquante ans est nÃ©."}

1,links:[{to:"musicPress",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Met Bernie Taupin through an NME advert",fr:"A rencontrÃ© Bernie Taupin via une annonce du NME"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"Londonâs songwriting world",fr:"Le monde des auteurs londoniens"}}],source:m("Bernie_Taupin")},{id:"freddie",name:"Freddie Mercury",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter (Queen)",fr:"Chanteur, auteur-compositeur (Queen)"},place:{en:"Zanzibar â Feltham",fr:"Zanzibar â Feltham"},line:{en:"Born Farrokh Bulsara in Zanzibar, he came to England with his family in 1964 and became the voice of Queen.",fr:"NÃ© Farrokh Bulsara Ã  Zanzibar, il arrive en Angleterre avec sa famille en 1964 et devient la voix de Queen."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"From Zanzibar, 1964",fr:"De Zanzibar, 1964"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"Queen formed in London",fr:"Queen sâest formÃ© Ã  Londres"}}],source:m("Freddie_Mercury")},{id:"kate",name:"Kate Bush",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter, producer",fr:"Chanteuse, autrice, productrice"},place:{en:"Kent â EMI",fr:"Kent â EMI"},line:{en:"David Gilmour paid for the demo that got her signed to EMI. âWuthering Heightsâ (1978) made her the first woman to top the UK chart with a song she wrote herself.",fr:"David Gilmour a financÃ© la maquette qui lâa fait signer chez EMI. Â« Wuthering Heights Â» (1978) en a fait la premiÃ¨re femme numÃ©ro un au Royaume-Uni avec une chanson Ã©crite par elle-mÃªme."},links:[{to:"studios",type:"label",note:{en:"Signed to EMI",fr:"SignÃ©e chez EMI"}}],source:m("Kate_Bush")},{id:"sade",name:"Sade Adu",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter",fr:"Chanteuse, autrice-compositrice"},place:{en:"Ibadan â Essex â London",fr:"Ibadan â Essex â Londres"},line:{en:"Born in Ibadan and raised in Essex, she formed Sade in 1983. Diamond Life (1984) took quiet, unhurried soul around the world.",fr:"NÃ©e Ã  Ibadan et Ã©levÃ©e dans lâEssex, elle forme Sade en 1983. Diamond Life (1984) emmÃ¨ne une soul calme et sans hÃ¢te dans le monde entier."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"Born in Ibadan, Nigeria",fr:"NÃ©e Ã  Ibadan, au Nigeria"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"The band formed in London",fr:"Le groupe sâest formÃ© Ã  Londres"}}],source:m("Sade_(singer)")},{id:"strummer",name:"Joe Strummer",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter (The Clash)",fr:"Chanteur, auteur (The Clash)"},place:{en:"West London punk",fr:"Punk de lâouest londonien"},line:{en:"The Clashâs voice. Punk with reggae, dub and politics running through it, from London to the world.",fr:"La voix des Clash. Un punk traversÃ© de reggae, de dub et de politique, de Londres au monde."},links:[{to:"simonon",type:"direct",note:{en:"The Clash",fr:"The Clash"}},{to:"letts",type:"direct",note:{en:"Letts directed The Clashâs videos",fr:"Letts a rÃ©alisÃ© les clips des Clash"}},{to:"punkReggae",type:"scene",note:{en:"London punk",fr:"Le punk londonien"}}],source:m("Joe_Strummer")},{id:"simonon",name:"Paul Simonon",region:"london",role:{en:"Bassist, artist (The Clash)",fr:"Bassiste, artiste (The Clash)"},place:{en:"Brixton",fr:"Brixton"},line:{en:"Grew up in Brixton on reggae and wrote âThe Guns of Brixtonâ (1979). Heâs the figure on the London Calling cover.",fr:"A grandi Ã  Brixton au son du reggae et Ã©crit Â« The Guns of Brixton Â» (1979). Câest lui sur la pochette de London Calling."},links:[{to:"strummer",type:"direct",note:{en:"The Clash",fr:"The Clash"}},{to:"letts",type:"direct",note:{en:"Letts directed The Clashâs videos",fr:"Letts a rÃ©alisÃ© les clips des Clash"}},{to:"punkReggae",type:"genre",note:{en:"Reggae into punk",fr:"Le reggae dans le punk"}},{to:"southLondon",type:"city",note:{en:"Brixton",fr:"Brixton"}}],source:m("Paul_Simonon")},{id:"letts",name:"Don Letts",region:"london",role:{en:"DJ, film-maker",fr:"DJ, rÃ©alisateur"},place:{en:"The Roxy, Covent Garden",fr:"The Roxy, Covent Garden"},line:{en:"Playing reggae and dub at The Roxy, he gave punks the records that shaped them, then filmed The Clashâs videos, including âLondon Callingâ.",fr:"En passant reggae et dub au Roxy, il a fait dÃ©couvrir aux punks les disques qui les ont formÃ©s, puis filmÃ© les clips des Clash, dont Â« London Calling Â»."},links:[{to:"strummer",type:"direct",note:{en:"Videos for The Clash",fr:"Clips des Clash"}},{to:"simonon",type:"direct",note:{en:"Videos for The Clash",fr:"Clips des Clash"}},{to:"punkReggae",type:"scene",note:{en:"Reggae for the punk crowd",fr:"Le reggae pour les punks"}}

1,{to:"clubs",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"DJ at The Roxy",fr:"DJ au Roxy"}}],source:m("Don_Letts")},{id:"suggs",name:"Suggs",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer (Madness)",fr:"Chanteur (Madness)"},place:{en:"Camden",fr:"Camden"},line:{en:"Madness came out of Camden on 2 Tone, the label that put ska and punk on the same stage. âThe Princeâ (1979) was their first single.",fr:"Madness est sorti de Camden sur 2 Tone, le label qui a rÃ©uni ska et punk sur la mÃªme scÃ¨ne. Â« The Prince Â» (1979) fut leur premier single."},links:[{to:"camden",type:"city",note:{en:"Madnessâs home ground",fr:"Le quartier de Madness"}},{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"2 Tone Records",fr:"2 Tone Records"}},{to:"punkReggae",type:"genre",note:{en:"Ska and punk together",fr:"Ska et punk ensemble"}}],source:m("Suggs_(singer)")},{id:"stormzy",name:"Stormzy",region:"london",role:{en:"Rapper",fr:"Rappeur"},place:{en:"South Norwood",fr:"South Norwood"},line:{en:"From South Norwood to headlining Glastonbury in 2019, the first British rapper to do it. He also funds Cambridge scholarships for Black British students.",fr:"De South Norwood Ã  la tÃªte dâaffiche de Glastonbury en 2019, premier rappeur britannique Ã  y parvenir. Il finance aussi des bourses Ã  Cambridge pour des Ã©tudiants noirs britanniques."},links:[{to:"grime",type:"scene",note:{en:"Grime and UK rap",fr:"Grime et rap britannique"}},{to:"southLondon",type:"city",note:{en:"South Norwood",fr:"South Norwood"}}],source:m("Stormzy")},{id:"skepta",name:"Skepta",region:"london",role:{en:"Rapper, producer",fr:"Rappeur, producteur"},place:{en:"Tottenham",fr:"Tottenham"},line:{en:"Co-founder of Boy Better Know. Konnichiwa won the 2016 Mercury Prize and carried grimeâs do-it-yourself spirit worldwide.",fr:"Cofondateur de Boy Better Know. Konnichiwa a remportÃ© le Mercury Prize 2016 et portÃ© lâesprit autonome du grime dans le monde."},links:[{to:"grime",type:"scene",note:{en:"Grime",fr:"Grime"}},{to:"recognition",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Mercury Prize 2016",fr:"Mercury Prize 2016"}}],source:m("Skepta")},{id:"simz",name:"Little Simz",region:"london",role:{en:"Rapper, actor",fr:"Rappeuse, actrice"},place:{en:"Islington",fr:"Islington"},line:{en:"Built her career independently from north London. Sometimes I Might Be Introvert won the 2022 Mercury Prize.",fr:"A construit sa carriÃ¨re en indÃ©pendante depuis le nord de Londres. Sometimes I Might Be Introvert a remportÃ© le Mercury Prize 2022."},links:[{to:"grime",type:"scene",note:{en:"UK rap",fr:"Rap britannique"}},{to:"recognition",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Mercury Prize 2022",fr:"Mercury Prize 2022"}}],source:m("Little_Simz")},{id:"goldie",name:"Goldie",region:"midlands",role:{en:"Producer, DJ, artist",fr:"Producteur, DJ, artiste"},place:{en:"Wolverhampton â London",fr:"Wolverhampton â Londres"},line:{en:"A graffiti artist from Wolverhampton who helped turn jungle into drum and bass. He set up Metalheadz in 1994; Timeless followed in 1995.",fr:"Graffeur de Wolverhampton, il a aidÃ© la jungle Ã  devenir drum and bass. Il fonde Metalheadz en 1994 ; Timeless suit en 1995."},links:[{to:"dnb",type:"scene",note:{en:"Jungle and drum and bass",fr:"Jungle et drum and bass"}},{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"Metalheadz",fr:"Metalheadz"}},{to:"soundSystems",type:"genre",note:{en:"Rooted in sound-system and rave culture",fr:"EnracinÃ© dans la culture sound system et rave"}}],source:m("Goldie")},{id:"delia",name:"Delia Derbyshire",region:"london",role:{en:"Composer, electronic pioneer",fr:"Compositrice, pionniÃ¨re Ã©lectronique"},place:{en:"BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Maida Vale",fr:"BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Maida Vale"},line:{en:"At the BBC Radiophonic Workshop she realised Ron Grainerâs Doctor Who theme (1963) as electronic music. It opened the show for seventeen years.",fr:"Au BBC Radiophonic Workshop, elle a rÃ©alisÃ© en musique Ã©lectronique le thÃ¨me de Doctor Who de Ron Grainer (1963). Il a ouvert la sÃ©rie pendant dix-sept ans."},links:[{to:"electronic",type:"technology",note:{en:"Electronic sound before synthesisers were common",fr:"Le son Ã©lectronique avant les synthÃ©tiseurs"}}

1,{to:"radio",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"The BBC",fr:"La BBC"}}],source:m("Delia_Derbyshire")},{id:"martin",name:"George Martin",region:"london",role:{en:"Producer",fr:"Producteur"},place:{en:"EMI Studios, Abbey Road",fr:"Studios EMI, Abbey Road"},line:{en:"Producer of The Beatlesâ records at EMIâs Abbey Road studios, he made the studio part of the song. He later founded AIR Studios.",fr:"Producteur des disques des Beatles aux studios EMI dâAbbey Road, il a fait du studio une part de la chanson. Il fonde ensuite AIR Studios."},links:[{to:"lennon",type:"direct",note:{en:"Produced The Beatles",fr:"Producteur des Beatles"}},{to:"mccartney",type:"direct",note:{en:"Produced The Beatles",fr:"Producteur des Beatles"}},{to:"studios",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Abbey Road and AIR",fr:"Abbey Road et AIR"}}],source:m("George_Martin")},{id:"horn",name:"Trevor Horn",region:"london",role:{en:"Producer",fr:"Producteur"},place:{en:"Sarm West, Notting Hill",fr:"Sarm West, Notting Hill"},line:{en:"âVideo Killed the Radio Starâ was the first video MTV played (1981). With Jill Sinclair and Paul Morley he co-founded ZTT Records.",fr:"Â« Video Killed the Radio Star Â» fut le premier clip diffusÃ© par MTV (1981). Avec Jill Sinclair et Paul Morley, il cofonde ZTT Records."},links:[{to:"studios",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Sarm West Studios",fr:"Studios Sarm West"}},{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"ZTT Records",fr:"ZTT Records"}}],source:m("Trevor_Horn")},{id:"heap",name:"Imogen Heap",region:"london",role:{en:"Musician, producer, technologist",fr:"Musicienne, productrice, technologue"},place:{en:"London",fr:"Londres"},line:{en:"Won a Grammy for engineering her own album, Ellipse, and unveiled the Mi.Mu gesture-control music gloves in 2011.",fr:"LaurÃ©ate dâun Grammy pour lâingÃ©nierie de son propre album, Ellipse, elle prÃ©sente en 2011 les gants musicaux Mi.Mu."},links:[{to:"electronic",type:"technology",note:{en:"Mi.Mu gloves",fr:"Gants Mi.Mu"}},{to:"studios",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Engineer and producer",fr:"IngÃ©nieure et productrice"}}],source:m("Imogen_Heap")},{id:"hendrix",name:"Jimi Hendrix",region:"london",role:{en:"Guitarist, singer",fr:"Guitariste, chanteur"},place:{en:"Seattle â London",fr:"Seattle â Londres"},line:{en:"Chas Chandler of the Animals brought him to London in September 1966. The Jimi Hendrix Experience formed there; âHey Joeâ was his first hit.",fr:"Chas Chandler, des Animals, lâamÃ¨ne Ã  Londres en septembre 1966. Le Jimi Hendrix Experience sây forme ; Â« Hey Joe Â» est son premier succÃ¨s."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"From the United States, 1966",fr:"Des Ãtats-Unis, 1966"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"Where the Experience formed",fr:"OÃ¹ lâExperience sâest formÃ©"}}],source:m("Jimi_Hendrix")},{id:"fela",name:"Fela Kuti",region:"london",role:{en:"Musician, composer, activist",fr:"Musicien, compositeur, militant"},place:{en:"Abeokuta â London â Lagos",fr:"Abeokuta â Londres â Lagos"},line:{en:"Came to London in 1958 to study at Trinity College of Music and formed Koola Lobitos there, before taking his sound home to build Afrobeat.",fr:"Arrive Ã  Londres en 1958 pour Ã©tudier au Trinity College of Music et y forme Koola Lobitos, avant de rapporter son son chez lui pour bÃ¢tir lâafrobeat."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"Studied in London, 1958",fr:"Ãtudes Ã  Londres, 1958"}},{to:"africanLondon",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"Koola Lobitos formed in London",fr:"Koola Lobitos formÃ© Ã  Londres"}}],source:m("Fela_Kuti")},{id:"ginger",name:"Ginger Johnson",region:"london",role:{en:"Percussionist, bandleader",fr:"Percussionniste, chef dâorchestre"},place:{en:"Ijebu-Ode â London",fr:"Ijebu-Ode â Londres"},line:{en:"Came to London with the Merchant Navy in 1943 and stayed. His African Messengers played the Rolling Stonesâ Hyde Park concert in 1969, and he ran the Iroko club in Haverstock Hill.",fr:"ArrivÃ© Ã  Londres avec la marine marchande en 1943, il y reste. Ses African Messengers jouent au concert des Rolling Stones Ã  Hyde Park en 1969, et il tient le club Iroko Ã  Haverstock Hill."},links:[{to:"africanLondon",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"A Nigerian musician at the heart of Londonâs scene",fr:"Un musicien nigÃ©rian au cÅur de la scÃ¨ne londonienne"}}

1,{to:"clubs",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"The Iroko club",fr:"Le club Iroko"}}],source:m("Ginger_Johnson")},{id:"kanya",name:"Kanya King",region:"london",role:{en:"Founder, MOBO Awards",fr:"Fondatrice des MOBO Awards"},place:{en:"Kilburn",fr:"Kilburn"},line:{en:"Remortgaged her house to launch the MOBO Awards in 1996, giving Black music in Britain its own stage of recognition.",fr:"A rÃ©hypothÃ©quÃ© sa maison pour lancer les MOBO Awards en 1996, offrant aux musiques noires en Grande-Bretagne leur propre scÃ¨ne de reconnaissance."},links:[{to:"recognition",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"MOBO Awards, 1996",fr:"MOBO Awards, 1996"}}],source:m("Kanya_King")},{id:"bovell",name:"Dennis Bovell",region:"london",role:{en:"Producer, musician",fr:"Producteur, musicien"},place:{en:"Barbados â South London",fr:"La Barbade â Sud de Londres"},line:{en:"Moved to South London in 1965, ran the Sufferer sound system, helped shape lovers rock, and produced The Slitsâ Cut.",fr:"InstallÃ© dans le sud de Londres en 1965, il anime le sound system Sufferer, faÃ§onne le lovers rock et produit Cut des Slits."},links:[{to:"soundSystems",type:"scene",note:{en:"Jah Sufferer sound system",fr:"Sound system Jah Sufferer"}},{to:"southLondon",type:"city",note:{en:"South London from 1965",fr:"Sud de Londres dÃ¨s 1965"}},{to:"cherry",type:"scene",note:{en:"The Slitsâ circle (post-punk)",fr:"Lâentourage des Slits (post-punk)"}}],source:m("Dennis_Bovell")},{id:"jazzie",name:"Jazzie B",region:"london",role:{en:"DJ, producer (Soul II Soul)",fr:"DJ, producteur (Soul II Soul)"},place:{en:"North London â the world",fr:"Nord de Londres â le monde"},line:{en:"Soul II Soul began as his sound system, packing out nights at the Africa Centre. âBack to Lifeâ (1989) took that sound worldwide.",fr:"Soul II Soul est nÃ© de son sound system, qui remplissait les soirÃ©es de lâAfrica Centre. Â« Back to Life Â» (1989) a emmenÃ© ce son dans le monde."},links:[{to:"soundSystems",type:"scene",note:{en:"Soul II Soul sound system",fr:"Sound system Soul II Soul"}},{to:"clubs",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"The Africa Centre",fr:"LâAfrica Centre"}}],source:m("Soul_II_Soul")},{id:"peterson",name:"Gilles Peterson",region:"london",role:{en:"DJ, broadcaster, label founder",fr:"DJ, animateur, fondateur de labels"},place:{en:"Pirate radio â BBC â Worldwide FM",fr:"Radio pirate â BBC â Worldwide FM"},line:{en:"Started on London pirate radio, co-founded Acid Jazz and Talkinâ Loud, and has spent decades connecting jazz, soul and global sounds on air.",fr:"DÃ©bute sur les radios pirates londoniennes, cofonde Acid Jazz et Talkinâ Loud, et relie depuis des dÃ©cennies jazz, soul et sons du monde Ã  lâantenne."},links:[{to:"radio",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Pirate radio, BBC, Worldwide FM",fr:"Radio pirate, BBC, Worldwide FM"}},{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"Acid Jazz, Talkinâ Loud, Brownswood",fr:"Acid Jazz, Talkinâ Loud, Brownswood"}}],source:m("Gilles_Peterson")},{id:"cherry",name:"Neneh Cherry",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, rapper",fr:"Chanteuse, rappeuse"},place:{en:"Stockholm â London",fr:"Stockholm â Londres"},line:{en:"Moved to London as a teenager into the punk scene around The Slits. âBuffalo Stanceâ (1988) put hip-hop into British pop, and she arranged on Massive Attackâs Blue Lines.",fr:"ArrivÃ©e Ã  Londres adolescente dans la scÃ¨ne punk autour des Slits. Â« Buffalo Stance Â» (1988) a fait entrer le hip-hop dans la pop britannique, et elle a arrangÃ© Blue Lines de Massive Attack."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"From Stockholm, late 1970s",fr:"De Stockholm, fin des annÃ©es 1970"}},{to:"bovell",type:"scene",note:{en:"The Slitsâ circle (post-punk)",fr:"Lâentourage des Slits (post-punk)"}},{to:"delnaja",type:"direct",note:{en:"Arranged on Massive Attackâs Blue Lines; Del Naja worked on her Raw Like Sushi",fr:"Arrangements sur Blue Lines de Massive Attack ; Del Naja a travaillÃ© sur son Raw Like Sushi"}}],source:m("Neneh_Cherry")},{id:"mia",name:"M.I.A.",region:"london",role:{en:"Rapper, artist",fr:"Rappeuse, artiste"},place:{en:"Hounslow â Sri Lanka â London",fr:"Hounslow â Sri Lanka â Londres"},line:{en:"Born in Hounslow to Sri Lankan Tamil parents, she returned to London as a refugee at 11, studied at Central Saint Martins, and made âPaper Planesâ (2008).",fr:"NÃ©e Ã  Hounslow de parents tamouls sri-lankais, elle revient Ã  Londres comme rÃ©fugiÃ©e Ã  11 ans, Ã©tudie Ã  Central Saint Martins et fait Â« Paper Planes Â» (2008)."},links:[{to:"arrivals",type:"diaspora",note:{en:"Returned as a refugee, 1986",fr:"Revenue comme rÃ©fugiÃ©e, 1986"}},{to:"london",type:"city",note:{en:"London art school",fr:"Ãcole dâart londonienne"}}],source:m("M.I.A._(rapper)")}

1,{id:"sampha",name:"Sampha",region:"london",role:{en:"Singer, producer",fr:"Chanteur, producteur"},place:{en:"Morden",fr:"Morden"},line:{en:"From Morden in south London, a collaborator sought out across the world. His debut, Process, won the 2017 Mercury Prize.",fr:"De Morden, dans le sud de Londres, un collaborateur recherchÃ© dans le monde entier. Son premier album, Process, a remportÃ© le Mercury Prize 2017."},links:[{to:"southLondon",type:"city",note:{en:"Morden",fr:"Morden"}},{to:"recognition",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Mercury Prize 2017",fr:"Mercury Prize 2017"}}],source:m("Sampha")}],Ve=[{id:"lennon",name:"John Lennon",region:"north",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter (The Beatles)",fr:"Chanteur, auteur-compositeur (The Beatles)"},place:{en:"Liverpool",fr:"Liverpool"},line:{en:"On 6 July 1957 a friend brought Paul McCartney to a church fÃªte in Woolton where Lennonâs group, the Quarrymen, were playing. Lennon asked him to join.",fr:"Le 6 juillet 1957, un ami amÃ¨ne Paul McCartney Ã  une fÃªte paroissiale de Woolton oÃ¹ joue le groupe de Lennon, les Quarrymen. Lennon lui propose de les rejoindre."},links:[{to:"mccartney",type:"direct",note:{en:"The Beatles; met at Woolton, 1957",fr:"Les Beatles ; rencontre Ã  Woolton, 1957"}},{to:"martin",type:"direct",note:{en:"Produced The Beatles",fr:"Producteur des Beatles"}},{to:"liverpool",type:"city",note:{en:"Liverpool",fr:"Liverpool"}}],source:m("Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney")},{id:"mccartney",name:"Paul McCartney",region:"north",role:{en:"Singer, songwriter (The Beatles)",fr:"Chanteur, auteur-compositeur (The Beatles)"},place:{en:"Liverpool",fr:"Liverpool"},line:{en:"Played Eddie Cochranâs âTwenty Flight Rockâ for John Lennon at that 1957 fÃªte and was asked to join the Quarrymen: the start of the LennonâMcCartney partnership.",fr:"Joue Â« Twenty Flight Rock Â» dâEddie Cochran devant John Lennon Ã  cette fÃªte de 1957 et entre chez les Quarrymen : le dÃ©but du duo LennonâMcCartney."},links:[{to:"lennon",type:"direct",note:{en:"The Beatles; met at Woolton, 1957",fr:"Les Beatles ; rencontre Ã  Woolton, 1957"}},{to:"martin",type:"direct",note:{en:"Produced The Beatles",fr:"Producteur des Beatles"}},{to:"liverpool",type:"city",note:{en:"Liverpool",fr:"Liverpool"}}],source:m("Lennon%E2%80%93McCartney")},{id:"hooley",name:"Terri Hooley",region:"northernIreland",role:{en:"Record shop owner, label founder",fr:"Disquaire, fondateur de label"},place:{en:"Good Vibrations, Belfast",fr:"Good Vibrations, Belfast"},line:{en:"His Belfast shop and label, Good Vibrations, released The Undertonesâ âTeenage Kicksâ in 1978. John Peel played it twice in a row.",fr:"Sa boutique et son label de Belfast, Good Vibrations, sortent Â« Teenage Kicks Â» des Undertones en 1978. John Peel la passe deux fois de suite."},links:[{to:"peel",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"âTeenage Kicksâ, from his label to Peelâs show",fr:"Â« Teenage Kicks Â», de son label Ã  lâÃ©mission de Peel"}},{to:"recordShops",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"Good Vibrations",fr:"Good Vibrations"}},{to:"belfast",type:"city",note:{en:"Belfast",fr:"Belfast"}}],source:m("Teenage_Kicks")},{id:"peel",name:"John Peel",region:"north",role:{en:"Broadcaster",fr:"Animateur radio"},place:{en:"Heswall â BBC Radio 1",fr:"Heswall â BBC Radio 1"},line:{en:"On BBC Radio 1 from 1967 to 2004, his Peel Sessions recorded more than 2,000 artists. âTeenage Kicksâ from Belfast was his favourite record.",fr:"Sur BBC Radio 1 de 1967 Ã  2004, ses Peel Sessions ont enregistrÃ© plus de 2 000 artistes. Â« Teenage Kicks Â», venu de Belfast, Ã©tait son disque prÃ©fÃ©rÃ©."},links:[{to:"hooley",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"âTeenage Kicksâ, from his label to Peelâs show",fr:"Â« Teenage Kicks Â», de son label Ã  lâÃ©mission de Peel"}},{to:"radio",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"BBC Radio 1 and the Peel Sessions",fr:"BBC Radio 1 et les Peel Sessions"}}],source:m("John_Peel")},{id:"wilson",name:"Tony Wilson",region:"north",role:{en:"Broadcaster, label and club founder",fr:"Animateur, fondateur de label et de club"},place:{en:"Manchester",fr:"Manchester"},line:{en:"Co-founded Factory Records in 1978 and The HaÃ§ienda, which opened in 1982, giving Manchesterâs bands a label and a room of their own.",fr:"Cofonde Factory Records en 1978 et The HaÃ§ienda, ouverte en 1982 : un label et une salle Ã  eux pour les groupes de Manchester."},links:[{to:"manchester",type:"city",note:{en:"âMr Manchesterâ",fr:"Â« Mr Manchester Â»"}},{to:"labels",type:"label",note:{en:"Factory Records",fr:"Factory Records"}}

1,{to:"clubs",type:"infrastructure",note:{en:"The HaÃ§ienda",fr:"The HaÃ§ienda"}}],source:m("Factory_Records")},{id:"noel",name:"Noel Gallagher",region:"north",role:{en:"Songwriter, guitarist (Oasis)",fr:"Auteur-compositeur, guitariste (Oasis)"},place:{en:"Manchester â Glasgow â the world",fr:"Manchester â Glasgow â le monde"},line:{en:"Oasis were discovered at a gig at King Tutâs Wah Wah Hut in Glasgow in 1993 and signed to Creation Records.",fr:"Oasis a Ã©tÃ© repÃ©rÃ© lors dâun concert au King Tutâs Wah Wah Hut de Glasgow en 1993, puis signÃ© chez Creation Records."},links:[{to:"mcgee",type:"label",note:{en:"Signed to Creation Records",fr:"SignÃ© chez Creation Records"}},{to:"manchester",type:"city",note:{en:"Manchester",fr:"Manchester"}},{to:"glasgow",type:"city",note:{en:"King Tutâs Wah Wah Hut, 1993",fr:"King Tutâs Wah Wah Hut, 1993"}}],source:m("King_Tut%27s_Wah_Wah_Hut")},{id:"mcgee",name:"Alan McGee",region:"scotland",role:{en:"Label founder (Creation Records)",fr:"Fondateur de label (Creation Records)"},place:{en:"Glasgow",fr:"Glasgow"},line:{en:"Born in Glasgow, he co-founded Creation Records in 1983. The label signed Oasis and carried independent guitar music into the charts.",fr:"NÃ© Ã  Glasgow, il cofonde Creation Records en 1983. 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Bob Marley recorded Exodus and Kaya in England in 1977 and 1978, and British producers such as Dennis Bovell answered with lovers rock.",fr:"On attribue Ã  Duke Vin le premier sound system arrivÃ© en Grande-Bretagne, en 1955. Bob Marley enregistre Exodus et Kaya en Angleterre en 1977 et 1978, et des producteurs britanniques comme Dennis Bovell rÃ©pondent avec le lovers rock."},source:S("Notting_Hill_Carnival")},{id:"chicago",place:"chicago",label:{en:"Chicago",fr:"Chicago"},uk:"london",direction:"both",sound:{en:"Blues and rockânâroll",fr:"Blues et rockânâroll"},body:{en:"In 1961 Mick Jagger met Keith Richards on a station platform with Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records under his arm. British bands learned from American blues, then took that sound back across the Atlantic.",fr:"En 1961, Mick Jagger retrouve Keith Richards sur un quai de gare avec des disques de Chuck Berry et de Muddy Waters sous le bras. Les groupes britanniques ont appris du blues amÃ©ricain, puis lâont ramenÃ© de lâautre cÃ´tÃ© de lâAtlantique."},source:S("Mick_Jagger")},{id:"detroit",place:"detroit",label:{en:"Chicago and Detroit",fr:"Chicago et Detroit"},uk:"manchester",direction:"both",sound:{en:"House and techno",fr:"House et techno"},body:{en:"House from Chicago and techno from Detroit filled clubs such as the HaÃ§ienda in Manchester, and Britainâs acid house and rave scenes grew from them.",fr:"La house de Chicago et la techno de Detroit ont rempli des clubs comme lâHaÃ§ienda Ã  Manchester, et les scÃ¨nes acid house et rave britanniques en sont nÃ©es."},source:S("Acid_house")},{id:"newyork",place:"newYork",label:{en:"New York",fr:"New York"},uk:"bristol",direction:"both",sound:{en:"Hip-hop and graffiti, then trip-hop",fr:"Hip-hop et graffiti, puis trip-hop"},body:{en:"Robert Del Naja helped bring hip-hop and graffiti from the US to Bristol. Out of The Wild Bunch came Massive Attack, whose Blue Lines (1991) travelled the world.",fr:"Robert Del Naja a contribuÃ© Ã  faire venir le hip-hop et le graffiti des Ãtats-Unis Ã  Bristol. De The Wild Bunch est nÃ© Massive Attack, dont Blue Lines (1991) a fait le tour du monde."},source:S("Robert_Del_Naja")},{id:"lagos",place:"lagos",label:{en:"Lagos",fr:"Lagos"},uk:"london",direction:"both",sound:{en:"Highlife, Afrobeat, Afrobeats",fr:"Highlife, afrobeat, afrobeats"},body:{en:"Fela Kuti studied music in London from 1958, then went home to Lagos and created Afrobeat. Today the traffic runs both ways: London producer P2J made Wizkid and Temsâs âEssenceâ.",fr:"Fela Kuti a Ã©tudiÃ© la musique Ã  Londres Ã  partir de 1958, puis est rentrÃ© Ã  Lagos oÃ¹ il a crÃ©Ã© lâafrobeat. Aujourdâhui, les Ã©changes vont dans les deux sens : le producteur londonien P2J a rÃ©alisÃ© Â« Essence Â» de Wizkid et Tems."},source:S("Fela_Kuti")},{id:"berlin",place:"berlin",label:{en:"Berlin",fr:"Berlin"},uk:"london",direction:"both",sound:{en:"Electronic experiment",fr:"ExpÃ©rimentation Ã©lectronique"},body:{en:"David Bowie and Brian Eno made Low and âHeroesâ in Berlin (1977), records that shaped British electronic and post-punk music.",fr:"David Bowie et Brian Eno ont fait Low et Â« Heroes Â» Ã  Berlin (1977), des disques qui ont marquÃ© la musique Ã©lectronique et post-punk britannique."},source:S("David_Bowie")},{id:"seattle",place:"seattle",label:{en:"Seattle",fr:"Seattle"},uk:"london",direction:"arrival",sound:{en:"Electric guitar",fr:"Guitare Ã©lectrique"},body:{en:"Jimi Hendrix came from Seattle to London in 1966, where The Jimi Hendrix Experience was formed.",fr:"Jimi Hendrix est venu de Seattle Ã  Londres en 1966, oÃ¹ sâest formÃ© The Jimi Hendrix Experience."},source:S("Jimi_Hendrix")},{id:"bridgetown",place:"bridgetown",label:{en:"Barbados",fr:"La Barbade"},uk:"london",direction:"arrival",sound:{en:"Reggae production",fr:"Production reggae"},body:{en:"Dennis Bovell came from Barbados to south London and became one of the producers who shaped British reggae.",fr:"Dennis Bovell est venu de la Barbade au sud de Londres et est devenu lâun des producteurs qui ont faÃ§onnÃ© le reggae britannique."},source:S("Dennis_Bovell")},{id:"stockholm",place:"stockholm",label:{en:"Stockholm",fr:"Stockholm"},uk:"london",direction:"arrival",sound:{en:"Pop and hip-hop",fr:"Pop et hip-hop"},body:{en:"Neneh Cherry, born in Stockholm, moved to London as a teenager; her career took off there with âBuffalo Stanceâ (1988).",fr:"Neneh Cherry, nÃ©e Ã  Stockholm, sâinstalle Ã  Londres adolescente ; sa carriÃ¨re y dÃ©colle avec Â« Buffalo Stance Â» (1988)."},source:S("Neneh_Cherry")},{id:"colombo",place:"colombo",label:{en:"Sri Lanka",fr:"Sri Lanka"},uk:"london",direction:"both",sound:{en:"A global sound from Hounslow",fr:"Un son mondial venu de Hounslow"},body:{en:"M.I.A. grew up between London and Sri Lanka, and made records that drew on both.",fr:"M.I.A. a grandi entre Londres et le Sri Lanka, et ses disques puisent dans les deux."},source:S("M.I.A._(rapper)")},{id:"zanzibar",place:"zanzibar",label:{en:"Zanzibar",fr:"Zanzibar"},uk:"london",direction:"arrival",sound:{en:"Rock",fr:"Rock"},body:{en:"Freddie Mercury was born in Zanzibar and came to Britain as a teenager, before Queen.",fr:"Freddie Mercury est nÃ© Ã  Zanzibar et arrivÃ© en Grande-Bretagne adolescent, avant Queen."},source:S("Freddie_Mercury")}],je={en:{kicker:"Both ways",title:"A network, not a one-way export.",lead:"Britainâs music was made in conversation with the world: sounds, scenes and people arriving, mixing and setting out again. 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1`,role:"img","aria-label":`${l.title} ${l.list}: ${q.map(d=>d.label[o]).join(", ")}`,className:"impact-map-svg",children:[e.jsx("defs",{children:["navy","red"].map(d=>e.jsx("marker",{id:`impact-arrow-${d}`,viewBox:"0 0 10 10",refX:"8",refY:"5",markerWidth:"5",markerHeight:"5",orient:"auto-start-reverse",children:e.jsx("path",{d:"M0 0 L10 5 L0 10 z",className:`impact-arrowhead-${d}`})},d))}),e.jsx("path",{d:t.LAND,className:"impact-land"}),a.map(d=>{const c=d.id===r.id,f=c?"red":"navy";return e.jsx("path",{d:u(d),className:`impact-route ${d.direction==="both"?"is-both":"is-arrival"}${c?" is-active":""}`,markerEnd:`url(#impact-arrow-${f})`,markerStart:d.direction==="both"?`url(#impact-arrow-${f})`:void 0,onClick:()=>n(d.id)},`${d.id}-${c}`)}),q.map(d=>{const[c,f]=s(d.place),v=d.id===r.id;return e.jsxs("g",{className:`impact-node${v?" is-active":""}`,onClick:()=>n(d.id),children:[e.jsx("circle",{cx:c,cy:f,r:v?7:4.5}),e.jsx("text",{x:c+9,y:f+4,className:"impact-place-label",children:d.label[o]})]},d.id)}),e.jsxs("g",{className:"impact-uk",children:[e.jsx("circle",{cx:h,cy:i,r:"8"}),e.jsx("text",{x:h-10,y:i-12,textAnchor:"end",className:"impact-uk-label",children:l.britain})]})]})}let fe=!1;function mt({t,locale:r}){const[n,o]=g.useState("all"),[l,s]=g.useState(fe);g.useEffect(()=>{fe=!0,s(!0)},[]);const u=Y.filter(i=>n==="all"||i.awards.some(d=>d.show===n)),a=l?u:u.slice(0,4),h=Object.keys(T);return e.jsxs(b,{labelledBy:"culture-awards",children:[e.jsx(B,{children:t.kicker}),e.jsx("h2",{id:"culture-awards",className:"text-4xl font-semibold tracking-[-0.03em] sm:text-6xl",children:t.title}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-6 max-w-2xl text-lg leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground",children:t.lead}),e.jsx("div",{role:"group","aria-label":t.filter,className:"mb-6 mt-10 flex flex-wrap gap-2",children:["all",...h].map(i=>e.jsx("button",{type:"button","aria-pressed":n===i,onClick:()=>o(i),className:"culture-card-button !mt-0",children:i==="all"?t.all:`${T[i].name} ${T[i].year}`},i))}),e.jsx(ve,{id:"culture-awards-acts",label:t.title,count:u.length,t,autoplay:t,children:a.map((i,d)=>e.jsx("li",{className:"culture-card-slot",children:e.jsxs("article",{"aria-label":`${i.name}, ${d+1} ${t.of} ${u.length}`,className:"culture-card",children:[e.jsx(ke,{name:i.name,listen:i.listen,locale:r}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"culture-card-body",children:[e.jsx("p",{className:"culture-card-place !mt-0",children:i.place[r]}),e.jsx("h4",{className:"culture-card-role mt-3",children:t.won}),e.jsx("ul",{className:"culture-card-awards",children:i.awards.map(c=>e.jsxs("li",{children:[e.jsxs("span",{children:[T[c.show].name," ",T[c.show].year]}),c.category[r],c.work&&e.jsxs("em",{children:[" Â· ",c.work]})]},c.show+c.category.en+(c.work??"")))}),e.jsx("a",{href:i.source,target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer",className:"mt-4 self

1-start text-sm underline decoration-foreground/30 underline-offset-4 hover:decoration-foreground",children:t.source})]})]})},i.id))},n),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-10 max-w-3xl text-sm leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground",children:t.note}),e.jsx("ul",{className:"mt-4 flex flex-wrap gap-x-5 gap-y-2 text-sm",children:h.filter(i=>i!=="ivors").map(i=>e.jsx("li",{children:e.jsxs("a",{href:T[i].source,target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer",className:"underline decoration-foreground/30 underline-offset-4 hover:decoration-foreground",children:[T[i].name," ",T[i].year," (",T[i].date[r],")"]})},i))})]})}function pt({t}){return e.jsxs(e.Fragment,{children:[e.jsxs(b,{labelledBy:"culture-present",surface:"stone",children:[e.jsx("h2",{id:"culture-present",className:"max-w-3xl font-serif text-4xl leading-tight sm:text-5xl",children:t.title}),t.lines.map(r=>e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-5 max-w-3xl text-xl leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground",children:r},r)),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-8 max-w-3xl text-2xl font-semibold tracking-[-0.02em] sm:text-3xl",children:t.turn}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"mt-10 max-w-3xl rounded-lg border border-border p-6",children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-3",children:[e.jsx("h3",{className:"text-lg font-semibold",children:t.buildingTitle}),e.jsx("span",{className:"rounded-full border border-border px-3 py-1 text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-[0.1em] text-muted-foreground",children:t.status})]}),e.jsx("ul",{className:"mt-4 space-y-2 text-muted-foreground",children:t.building.map(r=>e.jsxs("li",{children:["â ",r]},r))})]})]}),e.jsxs(b,{labelledBy:"culture-road",children:[e.jsx("h2",{id:"culture-road",className:"max-w-3xl text-3xl font-semibold tracking-[-0.03em] sm:text-5xl",children:t.road.title}),e.jsx("ol",{className:"mt-10 flex flex-col gap-2 sm:flex-row sm:flex-wrap sm:items-center",children:t.road.stops.map((r,n)=>e.jsxs("li",{className:"flex items-center gap-2 text-lg font-semibold",children:[n>0&&e.jsxs("span",{"aria-hidden":"true",className:"text-muted-foreground",children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"sm:hidden",children:"â"}),e.jsx("span",{className:"hidden sm:inline",children:"â"})]}),e.jsx("span",{className:n===0?"text-primary":void 0,children:r})]},r))}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-10 font-serif text-2xl sm:text-3xl",children:t.road.close})]})]})}const ft="underline decoration-foreground/30 underline-offset-4 hover:decoration-foreground",gt=(()=>{const t=[...new Set([...A.map(n=>n.name),...Y.map(n=>n.name)])],r=[];return t.forEach((n,o)=>{r.push({name:n}),o%9===8&&pe[Math.floor(o/9)]&&r.push({name:pe[Math.floor(o/9)],label:!0})}),r})();function vt({locale:t}){const r=ge[t],n=r.music.hero,o=[...new Set(A.map(a=>a.source))],[l,s]=g.useState(!1),u=Object.keys(U).length>0?tt:null;return e.jsxs(V,{className:"british-impact-page",children:[e.jsxs("header",{className:"impact-hero culture-pavement relative overflow-hidden px-4 pb-20 pt-14 sm:px-6 sm:pb-24 sm:pt-20",children:[e.jsx(xt,{}),e.jsxs("div",{className:"relative mx-auto w-full max-w-6xl",children:[e.jsx(B,{children:n.kicker}),e.jsxs("h1",{className:"max-w-4xl font-serif text-[2.6rem] leading-[1.04] tracking-[-0.02em] text-balance sm:text-6xl lg:text-7xl",children:[n.title[0]," ",e.jsx("span",{className:"text-primary",children:n.title[1]})]}),e.jsx("p",{className:"mt-8 max-w-2xl text-lg leading-relaxed text-muted-foreground sm:text-xl",children:n.lead}),e.jsx("dl",{className:"impact-hero-stats mt-12 grid max-w-3xl grid-cols-3 gap-4 sm:gap-8",children:[[A.length,n.stats.legends],[Y.length,n.stats.awards],[q.length,n.stats.routes]].map(([a,h])=>e.jsxs("div",{children:[e.jsx("dt",{className:"sr-only",children:h}),e.jsxs("dd",{children:[e.jsx("span",{className:"impact-hero-number",children:a}),e.jsx("span",{className:"impact-hero-label","aria-hidden":"true",children:h})]})]},h))}),e.jsxs("nav",{"aria-label":n.jump.label,className:"impact-hero-jump mt-10",children:[e.jsx("span",{children:n.jump.label}),e.jsx("a",{href:"#culture-awards",children:n.jump.awards}),e.jsx("a",{href:"#culture-portraits-title",children:n.jump.legends}),e.jsx("a",{href:"#impact-map",children:n.jump.map})]})]}),e.jsx("div",{className:"culture-kerb absolute inset-x-0 bottom-0","aria-hidden":"true"})]}),e.jsx(bt,{label:n.ticker,pause:n.pause,play:n.play}),e.jsx(mt,{t:r.awards,locale:t}),e.jsx(it,{t:r.network,locale:t}),e.jsx(ut,{locale:t}),e.jsx(lt,{t:r.network,locale:t}),e.jsx(dt,{t:r.network,locale:t}),e.jsx(ct,{t:r.network,locale:t}

1),e.jsx(rt,{t:r.places,labels:r.network.carousel,locale:t}),e.jsx("p",{id:we,hidden:!0,children:r.network.carousel.youtube}),e.jsx(pt,{t:r.present}),e.jsx(be,{t:r.cta,locale:t}),e.jsxs(b,{labelledBy:"music-sources",surface:"plain",className:"bg-[#0b0b0b] pt-0 sm:pt-0",children:[e.jsx("h2",{id:"music-sources",className:"text-lg font-semibold",children:r.sources.title}),u,e.jsxs("details",{className:"mt-4 text-sm",onToggle:a=>s(a.currentTarget.open),children:[e.jsxs("summary",{className:"cursor-pointer font-medium",children:[r.sources.people," (",o.length,")"]}),e.jsx("ul",{className:"mt-3 grid gap-1 sm:grid-cols-2",children:l&&o.map(a=>e.jsx("li",{children:e.jsx("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer",className:ft,children:decodeURIComponent(a.replace("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/","Wikipedia: ")).replace(/_/g," ")})},a))})]})]})]})}function xt(){const t=[[40,60,!1],[150,30,!0],[250,110,!1],[330,40,!1],[420,140,!0],[120,190,!1],[300,230,!1],[460,260,!1],[200,300,!0],[380,330,!1],[80,330,!1],[500,60,!1]],r=[[0,1],[1,2],[1,3],[2,4],[3,4],[2,5],[5,6],[4,6],[4,7],[6,8],[8,9],[7,9],[5,10],[8,10],[3,11],[4,11]];return e.jsxs("svg",{className:"impact-hero-network",viewBox:"0 0 540 380","aria-hidden":"true",focusable:"false",children:[r.map(([n,o])=>e.jsx("line",{x1:t[n][0],y1:t[n][1],x2:t[o][0],y2:t[o][1]},`${n}-${o}`)),t.map(([n,o,l],s)=>e.jsx("circle",{cx:n,cy:o,r:l?6:4,className:l?"is-red":void 0},s))]})}function bt({label:t,pause:r,play:n}){const[o,l]=g.useState(!1),s=u=>e.jsx("ul",{className:"impact-ticker-list","aria-hidden":u||void 0,"aria-label":u?void 0:t,children:gt.map((a,h)=>e.jsx("li",{className:a.label?"is-label":void 0,children:a.name},h))});return e.jsxs("div",{className:"impact-ticker"+(o?" is-paused":""),children:[e.jsxs("div",{className:"impact-ticker-track",children:[s(!1),s(!0)]}),e.jsx("button",{type:"button",className:"impact-ticker-toggle","aria-label":o?n:r,onClick:()=>l(u=>!u),children:e.jsx("span",{"aria-hidden":"true",children:o?"â¶":"ââ"})})]})}export{wt as CulturePage,kt as MentalHealthPage,vt as MusicImpactPage};

Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.