1<!DOCTYPE html> 2<html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 5 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> 6 <meta 7 name="description" 8 content="An interactive and up-to-date summary of all trials on zinc lozenges for the common cold." 9 /> 10 11 <meta 12 property="og:title" 13 content="Zinc lozenges for the common cold: a living review" 14 /> 15 <meta 16 property="og:description" 17 content="An interactive and up-to-date summary of all trials on zinc lozenges for the common cold." 18 /> 19 <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> 20 <meta property="og:url" content="https://tjcx.me/zinc-for-colds.html" /> 21 <meta property="og:image" content="https://tjcx.me/zinc-lozenges.png" /> 22 23 <link 24 href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" 25 rel="stylesheet" 26 integrity="sha384-1BmE4kWBq78iYhFldvKuhfTAU6auU8tT94WrHftjDbrCEXSU1oBoqyl2QvZ6jIW3" 27 crossorigin="anonymous" 28 /> 29 30 <link href="zinc.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 31 32 <title>Zinc lozenges for the common cold: a living review - TJCX</title> 33 </head> 34 <body 35 class="bg-light" 36 data-bs-spy="scroll" 37 data-bs-target="#navbar" 38 data-bs-offset="50" 39 > 40 <div class="container"> 41 <nav 42 id="navbar" 43 class="border-bottom border-1 navbar sticky-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light" 44 > 45 <div class="container-fluid"> 46 <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Zinc for colds</a> 47 <button 48 class="navbar-toggler" 49 type="button" 50 data-bs-toggle="collapse" 51 data-bs-target="#navbarTogglerDemo02" 52 aria-controls="navbarTogglerDemo02" 53 aria-expanded="false" 54 aria-label="Toggle navigation" 55 > 56 <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> 57 </button> 58 <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarTogglerDemo02"> 59 <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto mb-2 mb-lg-0"> 60 <li class="nav-item"> 61 <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#summary" 62 >Summary</a 63 > 64 </li> 65 <li class="nav-item"> 66 <a class="nav-link" href="#explainer">What is this?</a> 67 </li> 68 <li class="nav-item"> 69 <a class="nav-link" href="#forest">Forest plot</a> 70 </li> 71 <li class="nav-item"> 72 <a class="nav-link" href="#search-strategy">Search strategy</a> 73 </li> 74 <li class="nav-item"> 75 <a class="nav-link" href="#funnel-plot">Funnel plot</a> 76 </li> 77 </ul> 78 </div> 79 </div> 80 </nav> 81 <a class="anchor" id="summary"></a> 82 <div id="leader"> 83 <h1 class="display-4 text-center mb-4"> 84 According to 85 <strong class="text-decoration-underline fw-bold" 86 ><span id="study-number">17</span> selected studies</strong 87 >, there's a<span id="stupid-n"></span> 88 <strong 89 id="is-significant" 90 class="text-success text-decoration-underline fw-bold" 91 >significant chance</strong 92 > 93 that zinc lozenges reduce cold durations by 94 <strong class="text-decoration-underline fw-bold" 95 ><span id="pct-reduction">17</span>%</strong 96 >. 97 </h1> 98 <p class="mt-5 text-center text-muted"> 99 ð See how changing the included studies changes this result. 100 </p> 101 </div> 102 <hr class="my-5" /> 103 <a id="explainer" class="anchor"></a> 104 <h3 class="mt-4">What is this?</h3> 105 <div class="row mb-3"> 106 <div class="col-md-6"> 107 <p> 108 I explain it more fully in <a href="#">my blog post</a>, but this 109 page is an experiment to see how we can improve medical information 110 on the internet. 111 </p> 112 <p> 113 I believe that good medical communication is 114 <strong>quantitative</strong>, <strong>exhaustive</strong>, and 115 <strong>accessible</strong>âthis page strives as much as possible to 116 be all three! 117 </p> 118 </div> 119 <div class="col-md-6"> 120 <div class="card shadow-sm border-0"> 121 <div class="card-body"> 122 <h5 class="card-text">ð¡ Tips</h5> 123 <ul> 124 <li> 125 <strong>It's interactive!</strong> Choose which trials you'd 126 like to include in your analysis (based on trial design, 127 dosage, zinc formulation, etc.). 128 </li> 129 <li> 130 <strong>Compare with published reviews.</strong> Click the 131 column headers to se which trials were included in 132 peer-reviewed meta-analyses. It's interesting to see 133 <em>why</em> they got different results! 134 </li> 135 <li> 136 <strong>The URL is shareable.</strong> Once you've selected 137 the trials you like, you can share the URL and others will be 138 able to see your selections. 139 </li> 140 <li> 141 <strong>I want feedback!</strong> Hate it? Really want to give 142 me a piece of your mind? Reach out via email 143 (<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>) or Twitter (<a href="https://twitter.com/tomjcleveland">@tomjcleveland</a>). 144 </li> 145 </ul> 146 </div> 147 </div> 148 </div> 149 </div> 150 151 <hr class="my-5" /> 152 <a id="forest" class="anchor"></a> 153 <h3 class="mt-4">Forest plot</h3> 154 <div class="row mb-3"> 155 <div class="col-md-6"> 156 <p> 157 Welcome to the forest plot! Each row represents a (randomized, 158 controlled) clinical trial, and the ð« column tells you the percent 159 change in cold duration between the zinc group and the placebo group 160 for that trial (negative numbers mean the zinc group had shorter 161 colds). 162 </p> 163 <p> 164 The middle columns show which trials were included in the existing 165 systematic reviews on zinc lozenges. Try clicking on the headers to 166 see their results! 167 </p> 168 </div> 169 </div> 170 <p class="mt-4 text-end"> 171 <small class="text-muted" 172 >Last updated <span class="last-updated">???</span></small 173 > 174 </p> 175 <div class="table-responsive"> 176 <table class="table table-hover table-sm"> 177 <thead> 178 <tr> 179 <th scope="col"> 180 <button id="select-all" class="ps-0 btn btn-link"> 181 Select all 182 </button> 183 </th> 184 <th scope="col">Trial</th> 185 <th scope="col"> 186 <button 187 class="btn btn-sm btn-danger review-btn" 188 id="jackson_1997" 189 > 190 Jackson 1997 191 </button> 192 </th> 193 <th scope="col"> 194 <button 195 class="btn btn-sm btn-danger review-btn" 196 id="jackson_2000" 197 > 198 Jackson 2000 199 </button> 200 </th> 201 <th scope="col"> 202 <button 203 class="btn btn-sm btn-success review-btn" 204 id="hemila_2011" 205 > 206 Hemilä 2011 207 </button> 208 </th> 209 <th scope="col"> 210 <button 211 class="btn btn-sm btn-success review-btn" 212 id="science_2012" 213 > 214 Science 2012 215 </button> 216 </th> 217 <th scope="col"> 218 <button 219 class="btn btn-sm btn-success review-btn" 220 id="hemila_2017" 221 > 222 Hemilä 2017 223 </button> 224 </th> 225 <th scope="col">ð«</th> 226 <th scope="col">95% CI</th> 227 <th scope="col">Plot</th> 228 </tr> 229 </thead> 230 <tbody id="tbody"></tbody> 231 </table> 232 </div> 233 <div class="row mb-3"> 234 <label for="analysis-select" class="col-sm-2 col-form-label" 235 >Pooling method: 236 </label> 237 <div class="col-sm-10"> 238 <select class="form-select form-select-sm my-0" id="analysis-select"> 239 <option value="fixed">Fixed effects, inverse variance</option> 240 <option value="random" selected> 241 Random effects, inverse variance 242 </option> 243 </select> 244 </div> 245 </div> 246 247 <hr class="my-5" /> 248 249 <a id="search-strategy" class="anchor"></a> 250 <h3>Search strategy and included trials</h3> 251 <div class="row"> 252 <div class="col-md-6"> 253 <p> 254 Every week I search the 255 <a 256 href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/central/about-central" 257 target="_blank" 258 rel="noopener noreferer" 259 >Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials</a 260 > 261 (CENTRAL), which aggregates results from other popular databases 262 like 263 <a 264 href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/"
265 target="_blank" 266 rel="noopener noreferer" 267 >PubMed</a 268 >, 269 <a 270 href="http://embase.com/" 271 target="_blank" 272 rel="noopener noreferer" 273 >Embase</a 274 >, and 275 <a 276 href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/" 277 target="_blank" 278 rel="noopener noreferer" 279 >ClinicalTrials.gov</a 280 >. 281 </p> 282 <p> 283 I then exclude the results that aren't relevant (see adjacent 284 panel). My screening criteria are intentionally laxâthe point of 285 this page is to provide an exhaustive list of relevant data, and let 286 visitors decide which trials are worth looking at. 287 </p> 288 </div> 289 <div class="col-md-6"> 290 <div class="card shadow-sm border-0"> 291 <div class="card-body pb-0"> 292 <div 293 class="d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center mb-1" 294 > 295 <span class="fw-bold">Search terms</span> 296 <small class="text-muted" 297 ><svg 298 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 299 width="16" 300 height="16" 301 fill="currentColor" 302 class="bi bi-clock"
303 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 304 > 305 <path 306 d="M8 3.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0V9a.5.5 0 0 0 .252.434l3.5 2a.5.5 0 0 0 .496-.868L8 8.71V3.5z" 307 /> 308 <path 309 d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16zm7-8A7 7 0 1 1 1 8a7 7 0 0 1 14 0z" 310 /></svg 311 > <span class="last-updated"></span 312 ></small> 313 </div> 314 <div class="alert alert-primary d-flex justify-content-between"> 315 <div> 316 <code class="text-primary fw-bold">zinc AND cold</code> 317 </div> 318 <div 319 class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center badge bg-primary" 320 > 321 110 Trials 322 </div> 323 </div> 324 <div class="fw-bold">Inclusion criteria</div> 325 </div> 326 <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"> 327 <li 328 class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 329 > 330 <div> 331 <div><small class="text-muted label">DESIGN</small></div> 332 Randomized, controlled trial 333 </div> 334 <svg 335 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 336 width="16" 337 height="16" 338 fill="currentColor" 339 class="bi bi-check-lg"
340 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 341 > 342 <path 343 d="M12.736 3.97a.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0c.286.289.29.756.01 1.05L7.88 12.01a.733.733 0 0 1-1.065.02L3.217 8.384a.757.757 0 0 1 0-1.06.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0l3.052 3.093 5.4-6.425a.247.247 0 0 1 .02-.022Z" 344 /> 345 </svg> 346 </li> 347 <li 348 class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 349 > 350 <div> 351 <div><small class="text-muted label">POPULATION</small></div> 352 Humans with common cold 353 </div> 354 <svg 355 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 356 width="16" 357 height="16" 358 fill="currentColor" 359 class="bi bi-check-lg" 360 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 361 > 362 <path 363 d="M12.736 3.97a.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0c.286.289.29.756.01 1.05L7.88 12.01a.733.733 0 0 1-1.065.02L3.217 8.384a.757.757 0 0 1 0-1.06.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0l3.052 3.093 5.4-6.425a.247.247 0 0 1 .02-.022Z" 364 /> 365 </svg> 366 </li> 367 <li 368 class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 369 > 370 <div> 371 <div> 372 <small class="text-muted label">INTERVENTION</small> 373 </div> 374 Zinc lozenges (alone) 375 </div> 376 <svg 377 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 378 width="16" 379 height="16" 380 fill="currentColor" 381 class="bi bi-check-lg"
382 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 383 > 384 <path 385 d="M12.736 3.97a.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0c.286.289.29.756.01 1.05L7.88 12.01a.733.733 0 0 1-1.065.02L3.217 8.384a.757.757 0 0 1 0-1.06.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0l3.052 3.093 5.4-6.425a.247.247 0 0 1 .02-.022Z" 386 /> 387 </svg> 388 </li> 389 <li 390 class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 391 > 392 <div> 393 <div> 394 <small class="text-muted label">COMPARISON</small> 395 </div> 396 Placebo lozenges 397 </div> 398 <svg 399 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 400 width="16" 401 height="16" 402 fill="currentColor" 403 class="bi bi-check-lg" 404 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 405 > 406 <path 407 d="M12.736 3.97a.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0c.286.289.29.756.01 1.05L7.88 12.01a.733.733 0 0 1-1.065.02L3.217 8.384a.757.757 0 0 1 0-1.06.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0l3.052 3.093 5.4-6.425a.247.247 0 0 1 .02-.022Z" 408 /> 409 </svg> 410 </li> 411 <li 412 class="list-group-item d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 413 > 414 <div> 415 <div> 416 <small class="text-muted label">OUTCOME</small> 417 </div> 418 Duration of cold symptoms 419 </div> 420 <svg 421 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 422 width="16" 423 height="16" 424 fill="currentColor" 425 class="bi bi-check-lg"
426 viewBox="0 0 16 16" 427 > 428 <path 429 d="M12.736 3.97a.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0c.286.289.29.756.01 1.05L7.88 12.01a.733.733 0 0 1-1.065.02L3.217 8.384a.757.757 0 0 1 0-1.06.733.733 0 0 1 1.047 0l3.052 3.093 5.4-6.425a.247.247 0 0 1 .02-.022Z" 430 /> 431 </svg> 432 </li> 433 </ul> 434 <div class="card-body"> 435 <div 436 class="alert alert-success d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center" 437 > 438 <div class="fw-bold">Total included</div> 439 <span class="badge bg-success">17 trials</span> 440 </div> 441 </div> 442 </div> 443 </div> 444 </div> 445 446 <hr class="my-5" /> 447 448 <a id="funnel-plot" class="anchor"></a> 449 <h3>Funnel plot</h3> 450 <div class="row"> 451 <div class="col-md-6"> 452 <p> 453 <a 454 target="_blank" 455 rel="noopener noreferer" 456 href="https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4002" 457 >Funnel plots</a 458 > 459 are used to gauge whether the results of candidate reviews are 460 distributed like we'd expect. 461 </p> 462 <p> 463 For a given set of trials, we'd expect large trials to have outcomes 464 that cluster close to the true effect size (the top of the funnel), 465 while smaller trials would have outcomes that are more widely 466 distributed (the bottom of the funnel). 467 </p> 468 <p> 469 In theory, 95% of trial results should lie inside the funnel. In 470 addition, these results should be distributed symmetrically on 471 either side of the pooled effect size (center line). 472 </p> 473 </div> 474 <div class="col-md-6"> 475 <canvas id="funnel-plot-chart" width="400" height="200"></canvas> 476 </div> 477 </div> 478 479 <hr class="my-5" /> 480 481 <!-- Previously had a comments section, but on second thought...no. --> 482 <!-- <a id="discussion" class="anchor"></a> 483 <div class="card mt-5"> 484 <div class="card-body"> 485 <h3 class="card-text">Discussion</h3> 486 <p>
487 This discussion is specific to a 488 <strong 489 ><span id="analysis-type" class="fw-bold"></span>-effects</strong 490 > 491 analysis of these trials: <span id="trial-badges"></span> 492 </p> 493 <div class="mt-5" id="disqus_thread"></div> 494 </div> 495 </div> 496 497 <hr class="my-5" /> --> 498 499 <h3 class="text-center"> 500 Think we're missing a relevant trial or an published review? 501 </h3> 502 <div class="my-5 d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center"> 503 <a 504 target="_blank" 505 rel="noopener noreferer" 506 href="mailto:[email protected]" 507 class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" 508 > 509 Let us know 510 </a> 511 </div> 512 513 <footer class="my-5 text-center"> 514 <small>Made by <a href="/">TJCX</a>.</small> 515 </footer> 516 </div> 517 518
518<script 519 src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/Chart.js/3.7.0/chart.min.js" 520 integrity="sha512-TW5s0IT/IppJtu76UbysrBH9Hy/5X41OTAbQuffZFU6lQ1rdcLHzpU5BzVvr/YFykoiMYZVWlr/PX1mDcfM9Qg==" 521 crossorigin="anonymous" 522 referrerpolicy="no-referrer" 523 ></script>
523 524
524<script 525 src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/chartjs-plugin-annotation/1.2.2/chartjs-plugin-annotation.min.js" 526 integrity="sha512-HycvvBSFvDEVyJ0tjE2rPmymkt6XqsP/Zo96XgLRjXwn6SecQqsn+6V/7KYev66OshZZ9+f9AttCGmYqmzytiw==" 527 crossorigin="anonymous" 528 referrerpolicy="no-referrer" 529 ></script>
529 530
530<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jstat@latest/dist/jstat.min.js"></script>
530 531
531<script 532 src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" 533 integrity="sha384-ka7Sk0Gln4gmtz2MlQnikT1wXgYsOg+OMhuP+IlRH9sENBO0LRn5q+8nbTov4+1p" 534 crossorigin="anonymous" 535 ></script>
535 536 537
537<script src="zinc.js"></script>
537 538 </body> 539</html>
Line numbers count LF bytes from the start of the resource, as the search results do. Vendor segments are library code the classifier recognised; they are stored but not indexed. Bytes are shown as Latin1 characters, one per byte.